The Sunflower

“Flocculent galaxy” M63 (NGC 5055). The spiral arms look like the pattern in the center of a sunflower, so it is nicknamed “the Sunflower Galaxy”. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA.

August 14, 2020

In an Electric Universe, X-rays in galaxies are created by electric fields.

If you knew
what you will know
when your candle
has burnt low,
it would greatly
ease your plight
while your candle
still burns bright.
― Piet Hein

Astronomers report “strong winds” of X-rays “blowing” out of the core of Galaxy NGC 5055. Called “ultra-luminous X-ray sources” (ULX), they are points across the sky that emit more radiation than a million stars. They are also considered to be “mysterious”, because such violent stellar processes should tear the stars apart. So, black holes are invoked to “explain” the observation.

Discovered by Pierre Mechain in 1779, it is the 63rd entry into astronomer Charles Messier’s famous catalogue. M63 shines bright because of recently formed, blue–white giant stars, readily seen in the image above.

The source of NGC 5055’s emissions is said to be an “average sized” black hole accelerating “hot gas” around its event horizon. Standard Theory suggests that gas is heated by X-ray bursts from the black hole.

The Chandra X-ray Observatory results were combined with those from the Hubble Space Telescope in order to compare temperature differences between the galaxy and the X-ray emission. The spectrographic readings show it to be over 100,000 Celsius, 20 times hotter than the surface of the Sun.

X-rays in space, no matter the source, are not created by gravity and acceleration, regardless of their strength. Charged particles (plasma) accelerated by electric currents spiral in electromagnetic fields and shine in all high energy frequencies, extreme ultraviolet, X-rays, and sometimes gamma rays.

No gas in space can be heated until it gives off X-rays and “blows like a wind”. No gas can remain intact at such temperatures because electrons are stripped from the nuclei, causing it to become ionized plasma. In galactic circuits, power flows inward along the spiral arms where it is concentrated and stored in the central plasmoid, or galactic bulge. When it reaches a certain current density it discharges, usually out of the galaxy’s spin axis as an energetic jet. Laboratories replicate the phenomenon with a plasma focus device.

Electromagnetic forces confine plasma into thin filaments that remain coherent for thousands of light-years. NGC 5055 indicates that material from the galactic core reaches more than 3000 light-years from its source, but that estimate could be off by a significant factor. Double layer lobes extend outward by many times the size of the galaxy. The lobes emit strong electromagnetic frequencies, including radio waves. The diffuse currents then flow toward the galaxy’s equatorial plane and spiral back into its nucleus.

Hannes Alfvén said that “exploding double layers” should be identified as a new class of celestial object. Double layers in space plasmas form most of the unusual structures that mystify astronomers. Galactic jets, toroids, and glowing clouds are all examples of electricity flowing through plasma.

Stephen Smith

The Thunderbolts Picture of the Day is generously supported by the Mainwaring Archive Foundation.

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