X Marks the Spot

Sunspot 1402

  Jul 19, 2012 An X-2 class solar flare recently missed a direct impact with Earth. Heliophysicists classify solar flares according to their brightness in X-ray wavelengths. C-class flares are the smallest on the scale, with X-ray measurements in the 10^-6 watts per square meter range (W/m^2), while X-class flares…

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Pulsar Wind Nebulae

The Vela supernova remnant

July 17, 2012 Some so-called “neutron star pulsars” are said to create nebulae as they spin. The standard model of stellar evolution proposes that pulsars are neutron stars rotating at incredible speed. For example, PSR J1748-2446ad, in the globular cluster Terzan 5, is reported to be spinning at almost 43,000 revolutions…

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Earth Trends

The Himalayas

  July 16, 2012 Are geologic events cyclic? It seems possible that plasma interactions with Earth and other charged bodies in space or the impact on our biosphere from ion beams, could disrupt all the elemental changes that are used to date rocks. Earth could be much younger than the…

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Makhtesh Ramon

Makhtesh Ramon

July 13, 2012 Is this elongated crater in the Negev desert the result of water erosion? Ramon Crater in Israel is the largest erosion crater known, measuring 40 kilometers long by 10 kilometers at its widest point. The Hebrew word “makhtesh” actually means “cirque”, a bowl-shaped depression at the upper…

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The Fall of El Gordo

Colliding galaxy clusters

July 12, 2012 El Gordo is so called because it is the biggest, brightest, and hottest pair of colliding galaxy clusters known to astronomers. Astronomers “know” that El Gordo is over 7 billion light-years from Earth. This knowledge derives from the amount by which El Gordo’s light is shifted toward the red…

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Alpha and Omega

Surface granulation on the Sun

  July 10, 2012 How the Sun’s interior generates its magnetic field is a long-standing mystery for heliophysicists. It is commonly believed that there is an electromagnetic dynamo inside the Sun. That dynamo has long been thought to be powered by two forces: the “stretching and winding” of magnetic fields…

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A Kinked Link

The warped ring in the center of the Milky Way

July 09, 2012 Plasma instabilities are a better explanation for the Milky Way’s strangely distorted central ring. According to a recent press release, “…observations from the Herschel Space Observatory show a bizarre, twisted ring of dense gas at the center of our Milky Way galaxy.” The ring observation is not new,…

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