The Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte dwarf galaxy. Credit: ESO.
May 4, 2018
How do stars and galaxies fit together?
Lambda Cold Dark Matter theory’s name (ΛCDM) comes from the fact that dark matter cannot be detected with any known instruments. The “lambda” indicates dark energy, since both dark matter and dark energy are thought necessary for each other to exist. There are many problems with the theory, but cosmologists use it to explain how far away things are, how old things are, and what things are made of.
Dark matter emits no detectable electromagnetic radiation in any bandwidth, so modern astrophysicists believe that its existence can only be confirmed by gravitational effects. For example, astronomers report that galactic rotation is anomalous unless dark matter is added to their mass calculations. Galaxies are said to need dark matter to keep them from flying apart.
The Milky Way galaxy does not travel alone, it is accompanied by dozens of smaller galaxies with a more diffuse and irregular structure. However, as conventional models suggest, there are too few dwarf companions in orbit, as well as issues with their locations. Instead of being distributed in a spherical shell, they lie in the same plane as the galactic disk.
Problems in conventional theories begin with the assumption that galaxies are gravity-based structures obeying only the laws of mechanics and momentum. In an Electric Universe, they are not “whirlpools of stars” that depend on the weak gravitational force, they are electromagnet engines, drawing their power from electrical transmission lines in space. When electricity flows through plasma, Birkeland currents are generated, as discussed many times before.
When Birkeland currents interact, they tend to twist around one another in a helical formation. A cross sectional analysis of the helices in laboratory experiments reveals the familiar barred-spiral shape of a galaxy. Since galaxies are most likely electrical in nature, electromagnetic forces act on them with such power that gravity can be ignored when discussing their shapes and behaviors.
Electricity flows through a galaxy like the Milky Way out of its polar axes and then back through the spiral arms. There is most likely a circuit across the galactic disk that divides, flowing upward and downward. This circuit receives its driving power from Birkeland currents that connect the galaxy with the rest of the Universe where, presumably, billion-light-year long strands of magnetically confined electric filaments are transmitting power from one end of space to the other.
As the intergalactic Birkeland currents move through the center of the Milky Way, they may also generate a toroidal particle beam at the edge of the disk, which would energize a ring of stars. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey found such a ring surrounding the Milky Way at a reported distance of 120,000 light years. Electromagnetism, being substantially more powerful than gravity, causes the ring to be axially aligned with the intergalactic magnetic field. ΛCDM theory, on the other hand, does not account for the alignment of dwarf galaxies and a ring of stars across thousands of light-years.
Stephen Smith
