Andrew Hall: Discovering Mach Stems | Thunderbolts

When plasma storms engulfed Earth, the shock waves produced such extreme heat and pressure that it ionized the air—creating a charged conduit between an electrical storm and the surface of the ground—evacuating matter leaving sharp geometric cuts in rock.

It was apparent these cuts and notches were the effect of shock waves, but not well understood was how they formed—until coming upon what is described as the “Mach Stem”.

During an airburst event, the initial blast reflects off the ground and creates a second shock wave—then that reflected wave moves faster than the initial shock wave and both merge to form a third wave—the Mach Stem.

Author and engineer Andrew Hall presents a set of testable, repeatable, and predictable results in Electric Geology as proof that shock waves and supersonic winds formed Earth’s mountains during a period when plasma storms raged in the atmosphere.