According to the Big Bang Theory—the Universe exploded into existence 13.8 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. The key evidence? Redshift.
Mainstream science says when we observe distant galaxies their wavelength of light shifts toward the red side of the spectrum because space is stretching away from us—a visual cosmic Doppler effect. Although, what if Redshift doesn’t mean velocity and distance—but is a measure of age or evolution? Intrinsic Redshift was advocated by astronomer Halton Arp (1927-2013), renown for his “Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies” first published in 1966, and a prominent critic of the Big Bang.
By the 1970s, we understood that galaxies weren’t uniformly distributed—they formed into clusters, superclusters, and voids. By the 1980s—now dubbed “The Cosmic Web”—it was clear galaxies formed in filamentary networks, walls, and voids, prompting theorists to theorize undetectable Dark Matter so the Big Bang Theory would match new observations.
In January 2025 a paper detailing direct observational evidence of an intergalactic filament, filled with charged particles and connecting galaxies was published in Nature Astronomy. A confirmation of a prediction of the EU Model of Cosmology, particularly from Wal Thornhill.
Author and EU advocate Matt Finn ends with a quote from “Cosmos”, the 1980 book by Carl Sagan—”If [Halton] Arp is right…supernova chain reactions, supermassive black holes and the like would prove unnecessary…But some other exotic mechanism will be required to explain the redshift. In either case, something very strange is going on in the depths of space.”
