« Essential Guide to the EU – Chapter 7
Birkeland Currents, Magnetic Ropes and Current-Carrying Double Layers

Flux ropes fr ApJ

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Evolution of an X-ray emitting flare on the Sun. Top: Simulated magnetic field lines (color) with polarities show in gray scale (dark = negative; light = positive). Center: simulated current evolution simultaneous with magnetic field changes above, (dark = more intense). Bottom: 2007 Hinode X-ray telescope observations of an eruptive loop like feature linked with a double-J (sigmoid) electrical current pattern

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