Computer model of supposed dark matter distribution in the Universe over time.
Credit: NASA/ESA/R. Massey/Caltech
  
 

In previous Picture of the Day articles about the existence of “dark matter” we noted that it is primarily an add-on to "Big Bang Cosmology.” The Big Bang is supposed to be what brought all matter and energy, including gravity, into existence. All modern cosmologists, with few exceptions, accept the theory without question.

NASA launched the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) on June 30, 2001. The instruments onboard the satellite were designed to measure temperature fluctuations theorized to exist in lower mass density regions of the Universe. Since the Big Bang theory does not account for such regions—matter and energy should be evenly distributed—WMAP was sent to confirm their existence.

According to conventional physics, dark matter is a necessary addition to their models since there is not enough gravity in the Universe to account for galaxy formation, or those galaxies assembling themselves into clusters. Galaxy clusters should have slowed down considerably over the last few billion years and not maintained such wild recessional velocities, some of which are said to approach the speed of light.

Astronomers came up with a dark (or undetectable) form of matter when they noticed stars on the edge of a spiral galaxy orbiting its nucleus with the same angular speed as stars closer to its center. As Newtonian mechanics insists, stars farther away from the center should be moving more slowly, so astronomers assumed dark matter was imparting extra velocity to them.Investigators have also tried for years to reconcile the amount of mass in the Universe with how fast it is expanding. Their only recourse has been to invent the existence of another undetectable force, “dark energy.”

As long ago as 2007, for example, serious reconsideration of dark matter theory was already published. Consensus astronomy presupposes dark matter organizing galactic structure. Dark matter (as well as dark energy) are thought to be necessary mathematical constructs in the astronomical community, because in their minds gravity is the sine qua non of all forces that govern galactic motion.

Recently, scientists from Durham University in Great Britain announced that the theories of dark matter and dark energy are most likely based on incorrect assumptions about WMAP observational analysis. Professor Tom Shanks noted: "If our results prove correct then it will become less likely that dark energy and exotic dark matter particles dominate the Universe. So the evidence that the Universe has a 'Dark Side' will weaken."

Those who consider Electric Universe theory have adopted a far different approach regarding the nature of the cosmos. Astrophysicist Hannes Alfvén elucidated his “electric galaxies” theory in 1981. Alfvén (a Nobel laureate) noticed that galaxies and their motions resemble a homopolar motor more than anything else. A homopolar motor operates because electric currents create magnetic fields, causing a metal disc to spin at a rate directly proportional to the supplied current.

Galactic discs act like the conductive plates in said homopolar, or Faraday, motors, named for their inventor, Michael Faraday. Gigantic Birkeland currents flow into galaxies, so stars in their discs are powered by those currents. Galaxies, in turn, receive their power from intergalactic Birkeland currents that are visible in space as filamentary structures traceable by their magnetic fields.

Birkeland currents are drawn toward each other in a linear relationship, with a long-range attraction potential 39 orders of magnitude greater than gravity. Dark matter and dark energy influences can be dismissed when electric currents flowing through dusty plasma are recognized as that which energizes and sustains clusters, galaxies, and stars.

Stephen Smith