Electric current from Io to Jupiter

[jacmac]

I asked Google AI this question:
Might the high iron content and the hi orbit speed of Io generate the 3 million amp current in the Io flux tube ?
This is the answer:
Yes, the interaction of Io's orbital motion and its high iron content with Jupiter's powerful magnetic field contributes significantly to the generation of the observed 3 million ampere current in the Io flux tube.
Here's how these factors play a role:
Io's Orbital Motion and Jupiter's Magnetic Field: As Io orbits Jupiter, it cuts across Jupiter's intense magnetic field lines. This motion, akin to a conductor moving through a magnetic field, induces an electric field across Io. This phenomenon is described by Wikiversity as a unipolar generator.
Io's High Iron Content and Internal Structure: Io is thought to have a dense, partially molten, iron-rich core. The interaction of this core and the surrounding silicate magma ocean with the magnetic field could play a role in the electromagnetic coupling, potentially influencing the current generation, according to the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Recent studies using data from the Juno probe suggest the presence of a "nearly" solid mantle rather than a magma ocean, which could affect the specifics of how the magnetic field interacts with the interior.
Volcanic Activity and Plasma Torus: Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar system, constantly spewing out gases and dust that form a plasma torus around Jupiter. This material is then swept up by Jupiter's rotating magnetosphere. The interaction of this plasma with Io's atmosphere, as Io moves through the magnetosphere, further contributes to the electrical currents in the Io flux tube.
The collective effect of these interactions results in an electric circuit that runs between Io and Jupiter, channeling the substantial 3 million ampere current along magnetic field lines to Jupiter's ionosphere, generating auroral features.

[Maol]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_tube
Graphic of the magnetosphere of Jupiter with a flux tube connecting Jupiter and Io shown in yellow.


https://www.ucl.ac.uk/mathematical-phys ... rn-and-sun
Magnetic Rope observed for the first time between Saturn and the Sun 6 July 2016


https://web.archive.org/web/20090731010 ... list179029
Oct. 30, 2008: During the time it takes you to read this article, something will happen high overhead that until recently many scientists didn't believe in. A magnetic portal will open, linking Earth to the sun 93 million miles away. Tons of high-energy particles may flow through the opening before it closes again, around the time you reach the end of the page.

An artist's concept of Earth's magnetic field connecting to the sun's--a.k.a. a "flux transfer event"--with a spacecraft on hand to measure particles and fields.
"It's called a flux transfer event or 'FTE,'" says space physicist David Sibeck of the Goddard Space Flight Center. "Ten years ago I was pretty sure they didn't exist, but now the evidence is incontrovertible."

[nick c]

Electric Jets on Io

“Volcanic” plumes on Jupiter’s moon Io, up to hundreds of kilometers high, reveal features similar to those of electric discharge in the laboratory.

[jacmac]

Thanks for those posts above Maol, and nick c.
We on this forum have known about the Io electric connection to Jupiter for years.
I posted the A I answers to my question because It struck me as important to see an example of
the truth about "electricity in space" that was not covered over with standard model nonsense.

An important paper from 2012 is this from Antonella Greco with the title:
Detection and analysis of turbulent structures using the partial variance of increments method.

It is about the multiple flux tube nature of the solar wind; "like a plate of spaghetti".
He also describes the size of each flux tube being consistent with the sizes of the granules of the photosphere, and suggests the granules as the source of the flux tubes. This topic has not received much attention on our forum as I can remember.

I have difficulty providing a LINK or extensive copying of the text; but one can find the paper with the title and author name.
If someone can work out a link directly to the paper it would help with sharing.
Thanks,
Jack

[kmcook]

A PDF of the paper is here.
https://lesia.obspm.fr/turbu/talks/Grec ... _turbu.pdf

[jacmac]

Thank you kmcook.

[Maol]

https://web.archive.org/web/20090731010 ... list179029
Oct. 30, 2008: During the time it takes you to read this article, something will happen high overhead that until recently many scientists didn't believe in. A magnetic portal will open, linking Earth to the sun 93 million miles away. Tons of high-energy particles may flow through the opening before it closes again, around the time you reach the end of the page.

We know "high energy particles" in the solar wind and CMEs include ions of hydrogen and oxygen and electrons, which at the earliest opportunity will combine and form H2O.

This solar magnetohydrodynamic phenomena is an Electric Universe double entendre providing Earth with water and influencing Earth weather.

[galaxy12]

This post describes the Faraday disc effect of a rotating celestial object. I have written about this effect several times on this forum. The simple Faraday disc is based on a rotating disc in a magnetic field with lines directed in one direction perpendicular to the equatorial line. Whether electrons flow outward or inward depends on the direction of the perpendicular magnetic field.

A planet, such as the Earth or Jupiter, is more complicated than a simple Faraday disc. Along the rotational axis, the magnetic field lines point from the north geographic pole, through the core and toward the south geographic pole. The Faraday disc effect would therefore cause electrons to flow from the outer core or inner mantle to flow inward toward the core and out through the poles.

If we observe further away from the rotational axis, along the equatorial line, somewhere in the outer core or inner mantle, the field lines reverse and remain in the reverse direction on the surface of the planet and into space. The oppositely aligned magnetic field lines further from the rotational axis would cause electrons to flow from the middle mantle region outwards towards the equator. The shape of the magnetic field lines of a celestial object is best described as "coil-shaped" similar to a coil of wire. The electron flow due to the Faraday disc effect, however, is different than a coil of wire.

In summary: Electrons flow outward from Earth's surface, both at the equator and the poles, re-enter a circular or hexagonal region a distance from the poles, flow through the outer core or inner mantle and then split to go either towards the surface near the equator or towards the poles along the rotational axis. If we want to consider an electrical circuit analogy, we would consider the circular area just outside the rotational axis a distance away from the poles as positively charged while the poles themselves are negatively charged. The equator would also be considered negatively charged in this analogy.

This updated Faraday disc I describe shows how a narrow positively charged (electron acceptor) region forms a circular region around the poles. This may help explain why the aurora is usually a distance from the rotational axis.

If we want to get more precise, the outward directed electrons tend to flow through conductive regions with high metal content in the equatorial crust. I will leave these details for another day.

I have been trying to explain to the AI algorithms how this Faraday disc effect works with celestial bodies but it has been an uphill battle. Maybe someone else has the time to teach the algorithms?

[Maol]

Open the nullschool.net link and observe the cyclonic patterns.
https://earth.nullschool.net/#2019/03/0 ... 76,-89.931
The south magnetic pole is currently located off the edge of the continent almost directly left of the yellow circle which is located on the geographic S. pole.

Might that weather pattern be occurring at the approximate radial location of the "Positively charged circular region" in your Faraday Disc image below where the electron flow enters the disc?



However, wouldn't one pole be negative charged electrons and the opposite pole positively charged protons or other positive ions?

Tbolts has been here before. This post is from a thread in v2.0 This weather pattern occurred 2019/03/08/1800Z

Re: Saturn has 6 but Jupiter has 8

Post by Maol » Fri Mar 22, 2019 2:29 pm
Here is an example of Earth's southern vortex pattern with multiple cyclonic rotations. The yellow circle is on the South Pole.

https://earth.nullschool.net/#2019/03/0 ... 76,-89.931

Link to the thread in v2.0
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/php ... es#p127022

[galaxy12]

@Maol
You bring up some very good questions.

Regarding the geographic and magnetic poles. The terminology being used is extremely confusing. As you stated, the geographic south pole of the Earth is also labeled the south magnetic pole in current terminology. This is misleading and means that the south pole of a bar magnet in a compass would point toward the south geographic pole. If we consider the earth as a dipole magnet, the south geographic pole and south magnetic pole would actually be equivalent to the north end of a bar magnet. Magnetic field lines point from north to south. If you look up pictures of Earth's magnetic field, you should notice that the arrows are directed out of the south geographic pole and flow back into the north geographic pole. I know this is confusing but the magnetic poles of the Earth have historically been labeled according to which end of a bar magnet would be attracted to them.

Regarding the weather vortices at the polar regions. I agree that it is almost too coincidental that the locations where electrons enter the earth due to the Faraday disc effect are also the areas where Auroras and weather vortices form. At the present time, the electron current flow due to the Faraday disc effect is assumed by most scientists to be too low to contribute significantly to weather patterns at the poles. I, however, suspect the electron current flow has been underestimated so I definitely do not rule out any association just yet. The faraday disc effect does likely contribute to a fairly substantial portion of the atmospheric electrical voltage gradient at conductive regions of the Earth near the equator (West Africa, Himalaya Mountains, Andes Mountains). The Faraday disc effect also contributes to cloud charging.

On planets with high magnetic field strengths such as Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, the current flow due to the Faraday disc effect is likely much larger than on Earth. The effects on weather patterns is also likely to be much stronger.

Regarding your question "However, wouldn't one pole be negative charged electrons and the opposite pole positively charged protons or other positive ions?" You bring up a very good point. The Faraday disc effect propels electrons either outward or inward depending whether the magnetic field lines point to the north or south geographic pole. Since the equator is spinning fastest, the Faraday disc effect should be greatest there.

We can use the right hand rule to determine the direction of conventional current (positive ion) flow. Electrons would flow the opposite direction of positive ions. If we are at Earth's surface at the equator, the magnetic field lines would be pointing toward the north geographic pole. We can point our index finger in the direction of the magnetic field lines (toward the north geographic pole). We point our middle finger in the direction of Earth's rotation (eastward). Our thumb now points downward in the direction of positive ion flow. Electrons would therefore travel outward at the equator.

If we are near the the equatorial line but deep inside the Earth near its core, the magnetic field lines would be pointing toward the south geographic pole. We can point our index finger in the direction of the magnetic field lines (toward the south geographic pole). We point our middle finger in the direction of Earth's rotation (eastward). Our thumb now points outward in the direction of positive ion flow. Electrons would therefore travel inward near Earth's core, toward the axis of rotation.

These electron flows must form a continuous loop to complete the circuit. I have already described this electron flow in my prior post.

The calculations for electron flow due to the Faraday disc effect are based on the Earth as a simple conductor like a disc of aluminum. The earth is more complicated. Additional current flows, in addition to the Faraday disc effect, are generated by rotating charged areas within the Earth which I have not yet discussed on this forum.

[galaxy12]

This is a different picture showing the electron flow due to the Faraday disc effect that might be slightly easier to understand.

[seasmith]

@
Jacmac, Maol, kmcook, galaxy12, etal,

Excellent exchange, ta