Dark Mode Plasma

[Benjamin H]

I have done 2 little "experiments" in my lab which seem to indicate that Dark Mode Plasma is ... everywhere. It is the space that we live in. I can't seen to find any verification of this on Google Scholar, AI or You Tube presentations. The first experiment is a candle flame sitting an inch away from the discharge electrodes of a charging Wimshurst machine. The electrodes don't arc! The charge is ... absorbed? by the candle flame or pushed away from the electrodes by the flame. Either way, the 1 inch space between the flame and the electrodes MUST have electrical conductive properties, which is our definition of plasma. But since there is no visible glow, it must be plasma in Dark Mode.

The second is an electrode hooked up to ONE SIDE of a 12 KVAC Transformer and placed inside a vacuum chamber and energized while the vacuum is being pulled. The dust inside the chamber clearly shows a Lichtenberg figure on the floor of the chamber. This feature PASSED THROUGH the empty space of the chamber ( about an inch ) from the electrode to the chamber floor, again indicating that Dark Mode Plasma (DMP) was present.

Videos of these events. These videos were also shared with Dr. Michael Clarage.

Original Discovery:
https://youtu.be/4Q-y1M9dDI8
AND
https://www.tiktok.com/@iknowaguyfirewo ... 5886969357

Explanatory Video: https://youtu.be/YbaL8Uh0Ooc

Comments?

[Brigit]

Those are beautiful set ups and very intriguing videos ! Thanks for posting !

If it is alright, I would love to share a few experiences I have with candle flames and electric arcs and with water vapor. I will leave it to you all to interpret what is happening in BenjaminH's set up, for sure. But these are some additional experiences of my own!



First, as a flame is a cold plasma, it responds to efields.
https://www.plasma-universe.com/fire-flame/
(Wonderful website. There is the famous picture.)

BenH's set up has a spinning wheel, and that likely generated a bit of air movement. But I also feel as he does that the candle is responding to the efield building up between the electrodes.



Next, a candle is a hydrocarbon wax. When it combines with oxygen in combustion, it results in the products CO2 and H2O.

In my experience water vapor can dampen discharges. True, this is just what I found with a Van de Graaff, which builds up a charge with brushes/friction. It probably does not apply to electrodes. But I have completely lost all long spark discharges on my Van de Graaff because of water vapor. Could CO, CO2 and H2O vapor be a factor to control in your setup with electrodes?

Well, thanks.





PS The final experience I wanted to share is a set-up with a candle and electrodes.

By putting a wire inside of the candle flame and another electrode above, you can grow a carbon crystal on the wire. This may or may not be helpful in interpreting what this other set-up means; but it does give an intuitive idea of all of the molecules being produced by the flame. ( I am looking everywhere for that video, but no joy so far.)

[Holger Isenberg]

Also works with an electric candle flame as shown in this video published yesterday:


Building a Wireless Power Plasma Candle
Plasma Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wl-RgVYY-GY

As the electrostatic force also works in vacuum, why is dark mode plasma needed in between? How the electrostatic field works in vacuum is of course a separate interesting question.

[Holger Isenberg]

This experiment shown in the video / paper may relate:

Experiment proves: UV light combined with the near surface plasma environment of the Moon causes sand to jump several magnitudes farther than previous assumptions allow. That means surface albedo differences like prominently observed at Reiner Gamma (my name suggestion: Galilaei Impulsus) are still actively sustained today. Video (only 32 views) shows the experiment and relates it to the lunar atmospheric dust observations by LDEX on LADEE.

Paper: The dust environment of airless planetary bodies.
M. Horányi, J. Szalay, X. Wang. 2017.
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E ... H/abstract
15min video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9baLqhjNAw

[Brigit]

This is so neat.

DIY: Carbon Nano Trees
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WN0Zd4aWkBM
CH: sparkstarter

1,845 views Jan 11, 2020
Build your own self assembling Carbon Nano Trees!
High Voltage + Candle.

[Holger Isenberg]

DIY: Carbon Nano Trees

Condensation of Carbon ions on the electrode. McCanney is proposing comets are aggregating ions from space and are actually growing.

[Brigit]

Holger Isenberg says» Sun Oct 05, 2025 9:05 am "Condensation of Carbon ions on the electrode. McCanney is proposing comets are aggregating ions from space and are actually growing."

Oh wow that's crazy!

In the Electric Comet model, there is electric discharge machining. That is, the bright jets from the surface of comets are cold cathode jets. So it is machining the material up and away, and leaving scarred surfaces and craters.

[Benjamin H]

Holger said: "As the electrostatic force also works in vacuum, why is dark mode plasma needed in between? How the electrostatic field works in vacuum is of course a separate interesting question."

My Reply: I spent over 5 hours in conversation yesterday with Steve Smith (TPODS creator) and Andy Hall and during the course of those conversations, I came to this same realization. DMP exists in a vacuum as well. But...like you said, this is a separate and interesting question. One that I don't have a clear and complete idea on as of yet, although it could be as simple as the fact that the vacuum I pulled wasn't perfect (100%) but then again, nature doesn't produce perfect vacuums either, so even though we do experiments in vacuum, we must remember that plasma discharges DON'T NEED a perfect vacuum to glow or arc and this must include DMP.

[Brigit]

I was reading The Electric Universe (Talbott, Thornhill, 2002, 2008) yesterday, and I saw an example of dark mode plasma on page 96 and thought of this topic. It says,

• "In 'dark mode', plasma discharge in air is detectable as a breeze. A familiar example is an air ionizer. Electric discharges occur preferentially from points, so that fine needles are used as discharge points. In space, the solar 'wind' constitutes a dark mode plasma discharge." ~W.Thornhill

Here he points out the fact that ionized molecules and atoms can drag along the neutral air molecules. This ability of a stream of charged particles to move neutral particles actually plays an important role in how wind blows in an Electric Universe model of weather.

Now does a candle itself ionize any atoms or molecules?

I want to go out on a limb with you guys!

You know how you can move your finger through any part of the flame, and it won't really burn you? But actually there is a hotspot above the candle flame which burns instantly.

What is the hotspot above the tip of the flame?

If it's a double layer, you could get a little tiny bit of ionization, maybe? That is kind of a reach!

[Maol]

Now does a candle itself ionize any atoms or molecules?

The heat of the flame ionizes hydrocarbons.

[Brigit]

This whole conversation brings back fond memories.

Going through the Electric Universe curricula, alongside of the K-12 curricula at the same time, often raised questions for our household over the course of the years -- to understate a little.

When it comes to what fire actually is, and how fire converges or overlaps with plasma, the set answers can't always present a full definition.

Just for fun, I want to share a few encyclopedia entries that attempt to define what fire is.

• FIRE, heat and light resulting from the rapid combination of oxygen, or in some cases gaseous chlorine, with other materials. The light is in the form of flame, which is composed of glowing particles of the burning material and certain gaseous products that are luminous at the temperature of the burning material.
  
  The conditions necessary for the existence of fire are the presence of a combustible substance, a temperature high enough to cause combustion (called the kindling temperature) and the presence of enough oxygen (usually provided by the air) or chlorine to enable rapid combustion to continue.
  
  Fire has been produced by two principal methods, friction and percussion...In simple cultures people have used and still use chiefly the friction method, in which two pieces of wood surrounded by combustible material are rubbed together until the kindling temperature is reached. ...The most basic percussion method of producing fire is striking together two pieces of flint.
  
  ...The flint-and-steel method prevailed throughout the civilized world until about 1827, when matches, a friction method, came into use.
  
  Fire may also be produced by using a lens or curved reflector to concentrate the rays of the sun on combustible material. ... ~F&W1996

It is kind of amusing to look up both "fire" and "flame" entries. This edition has both.

cont'd

[Brigit]

And now,

• FLAME, glowing body of mixed gases undergoing the process of combustion (qv). Flames generally consist of a mixture of oxygen (or air) and another gas, usually such combustible substances as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbon.
  
  A typical flame is that of a burning candle. When the candle is lighted, the heat of the match melts the wax, which is carried up the wick and then vaporized by the heat. The vaporized wax is then broken down by the heat and, finally, combines with the oxygen of the surrounding air, producing a flame and generating heat and light.
  
  The candle flame consists of three zoned that are easily distinguished. the innermost zone, a non-luminous cone, is composed of a gas-air mixture at a comparatively low temperature. In the second, or luminous, cone, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are produced by decomposition and begin to react with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide, respectively. In this cone the temperature of the flame -- about 590 to 680 degrees C (about 1090 to 1250 degrees F) is great enough to dissociate the gases in the flame and produce free particles of carbon, which are heated to incandescence and then consumed. The incandescent carbon produces the characteristic yellow light of this poertion of the flame.
  
  Outside the luminous cone is a third, invisible cone in which the remaining carbon monoxide and hydrogen are consumed.
  
  If a cold object is introduced into the outer portions of a flame, the temperature of that part of the flame will be lowered below the point of combustion, and unburned carbon and carbon monoxide will be given off. Thus, if a porcelain dish is passed through a candle flame, it will receive a deposit of carbon in the form of soot. Operation of any kind of flame-producing stove in a room that is unventilated is dangerous because of the production of carbon monoxide, which is poisonous.
  
  All combustible substances require a definite proportion of oxygen for complete burning. (A flame can be sustained in an atmosphere of pure chlorine, although combustion is not complete.) In the burning of a candle, or of solids such as wood or coal, this oxygen is supplied by the surrounding atmosphere. In blowpipes and various types of gas burners, air or pure oxygen is mixed with the gas at the base of the burner so that the carbon is consumed almost instantaneously at the mouth of the burner. For this reason such flames are non-luminous. They also occupy a smaller volume and are proportionately hotter than a simple candle flame.
  
  The hottest portion of the flame of a Bunsen burner has a temperature of about 1600 degrees C (about 2910 degrees F). The hottest portion of the oxygen-acetylene flames used for welding metals reaches 3500 degrees C (6330 degrees F);
  
  such flames have a bluish green cone in place of the luminous cone. If the oxygen supply is reduced, such flames have four cones: nonluminous, bluish-green, luminous, and invisible.
  
  The blue-green cone of any flame is often called the reducing cone, because it is insufficiently supplied with oxygen and will take up oxygen from substances places within it. Similarly, the outermost cone, which has an excess of oxygen, is called the oxidizing cone. Intensive studies of the molecular processes taking place in various regions of flames are now possible through the techniques of laser spectroscopy.
  
  FLAMENCO, traditional song and dance of the Gypsies (flamencos) of Andalusia in southern Spain...
  ~F&W1996

Now the truth is, ionization is never mentioned in these articles. The light and heat are from chemical dissociations and recombinations, according to most of these definitions. And at the lower temperatures of a candle flame it is hard to imagine ionization taking place; certainly ionization is involved in the welding flames from gases, at those temps!

This answers a lot of questions, but does not address others. We know that even a candle responds to strong e-fields, so it just has to be partially ionized.

Also, in space with little or no gravity, a candle flame is blue, and shaped like a dome.

[Brigit]

In the article about flames, it says, "The hottest portion of the oxygen-acetylene flames used for welding metals reaches 3500 degrees C (6330 degrees F);

such flames have a bluish green cone in place of the luminous cone. If the oxygen supply is reduced, such flames have four cones: nonluminous, bluish-green, luminous, and invisible."

In this case, I think we should be very encouraged about the electrical or plasma state of fire: plasma forms double layers at all regions where the characteristics of different plasmas contact each other

The article clearly reports that there is even an invisible "cone" which encloses the others

This may point to a dark mode plasma within a double layer next to the luminous cone also enclosed by a double layer

The light comes from incandescent carbon atoms and combinations with oxygen atoms not from ionization as far as we know but the ionized atoms are just enough to develop double layers

sorry my keyboard got stuck again