Thunderbolts Forum v3.0

correction: 'Tony Peratt explained it as like "scattering like buckshot." This is
what they observe.

So you have stars and planets all being shot out fairly close
together, so that when this is gone, as it moves away, the stars and planets
are left to form gravitational planetary systems.'

Thanks.

I'll include the transcript, as a very short read on the formation of stars and planets along current carrying plasma filaments:

"Hannes Alfven actually
predicted this as how stars would form.
They form along current filaments in molecular clouds. It's like lightning
within a cloud, and they form along the lightning in the cloud like pearls on a cosmic string.
This was a surprise - because gravity doesn't tend to pull things together in a string. It pulls
them together in clumps. Once again gravity can be ignored.

Ionized elements convect inwards from the molecular cloud along the filament,
towards the axis of the filament, and it's a long-range electromagnetic ion
pump. It pulls in the charged atoms, the nuclei of atoms [i]in[/i], towards the
central axis. And depending on where they pick up an electron and become
neutral, that's where they stop. So it sorts the elements according to their ionization potential. The result is you get a cool core of heavy elements to form the center of the object and on the
outside you get the hydrogen and helium. They are the ones that drop out drop off the pump-action first.

Now this is
important because stars are don't have centers of hydrogen so there's no thermonuclear activity. All stars
have a cool planetary body as their core. There is no activity going on inside a
star. The spin is imparted to the stars--and not only stars are formed, but bodies of
all different sizes. So planets are formed at the same time in the same fashion. None of this nonsense about 'a cloud of rubbish around a star are leftovers forming planets.' I mean how do you do that? They've never been able to show how that works. It'll remain [i]a disk[/i] just like the rings of Saturn.

This is a paper that was published which showed that the scientists have discovered how this happens. Here you have this filament,
and remember the plasma ball we saw before with the filaments snaking around. Well this filament snakes around, it curves this way one minute and over here it's straight, and then it begins curving
the other way. This is the star forming, the core protostar here, still moving
with the filament. Here it's picked up a certain amount of mass and the filament has started to
change direction; it's coming back again, and in [i]that case[/i] the star is left behind but it's got the original impetus of the filament. Tony Peratt explained it as like scattering like buckshot. This is
what they observe.

So you have stars and planets all being shot out fairly close
together, so that when this is gone, [b]as it moves away, the stars and planets
are left to form gravitational planetary systems.[/b]

As Hannes Alfven said, 'Gravitational systems are the ashes of
former electrical systems,' so this is why we can treat the solar system today
purely as a gravitational system. They can forget about electromagnetism when things are running like clockwork, it's a different thing. So there's evidence for planet birth; it's revealed in the great abundance
of [b][i]faint brown dwarfs [/i][/b] and [b][i]isolated planetary mass objects[/i][/b] in the Great Nebula of Orion, and this is the deepest view ever of this region.

It reveals more [i]very faint planetary mass objects[/i] than expected because they don't
expect planets to form at the same time as the stars do."

Wal Thornhill, 2018 Bath, UK

To summarize the most confronting aspect of the Plasma and Electric Universe model, stars and planets are not formed in cold molecular clouds which gravitationally condense down to stars, and neither are the planets formed from a leftover disc of gas and dust surrounding that star.

The stars and some planets are formed by powerful electric discharges, called z-pinches, along plasma filaments. The plasma that makes up 99.9% of the visible Universe tends to form twisted filaments of consistent widths, and the stars are formed along those filaments (something like beads of lightning after the lightning has quenched).

Here is a summary of star formation by Wal Thornhill in a Bath, UK presentation in 2018:
[list][b]https://youtu.be/IMS7vFzqg7Q?si=skhQcrrIgACMx7vc&t=2209
[/b][/list]
from 36:50 to 40:34
dur. 4 min.

We will go on to the idea of systems of multiples [b]freely joining up after they form electrically along plasma filaments.[/b] After all, this is why it is not unusual, nor is it outrageous, for a previous Brown Dwarf star to have been captured by our own Sun.

But first I want to just stop and linger over a couple of beautiful little star systems of binaries -- actually even pairs [i]of pairs[/i] of stars -- that are really entrancing to look at.

First, here is an entry to the Encyclopedia Americana. In 1959, Charles B Oliver wrote,

[list]"[b]Capella[/b], the fifth brightest star in the sky and a binary. In the constellation Auriga, it has a solar-type spectrum and its distance is 46 light years. Its orbit has been determined by combining spectroscopic and interferometer observations. The period is 0.285 years, and the components have masses 4.2 and 3.3 that of the Sun, their combined light being 150 times greater. They are 79,000,000 miles distant from one another. The larger has a diameter of 12 times that of the Sun, and a density of 0.0024 that of water. Hence it is classed as a giant, while the Sun belongs to the main sequence."[/list]

(Venus' avg distance from the Sun = 67,237,910 for comparison.)

Later, it was discovered that Capella is a quadruple star system:

[list=]"Although it appears to be a single star to the naked eye, Capella is actually a quadruple star system, organized in two binary pairs..."[/list]

Capella H and L, two Red Dwarfs, are 10,000 AU from the other pair, Capella Aa and Ab, which are bright yellow giants.


And here is [b]Castor, the sextuplet set of stars:[/b]

"Telescopic observations of Castor began to reveal a more complicated story of the single star. Today, NASA says the system is made up of six stars:"
[list]A pair of main-sequence A stars orbit every 467 years
An invisible Dwarf that orbits Castor A
Another Dwarf that orbits Castor B
A pair of stars just south of the Castor AB complex, called YYGEM, which are 2 Dwarfs with a 19 hour orbit[/list]

There are more examples of these delicate dances between binaries, and if I was a better human being I would have more of them here for you so that you could all enjoy them and have the most exhilarating day! But I think that many of these systems can be looked at from an Electric Universe perspective, that being that they may be in a [i]transitional state[/i]. Or they may have recently been joined up as the systems we see today.

"The Debris Path of Saturn's Capture by the Sun" sets out to trace a physical trail of evidence from the Sun's furthest influence at the heliospheric boundary all the way to Saturn's present orbit around the Sun.

For a Brown Dwarf to have been captured by a main sequence star is not an unusual occurrence in the Plasma Universe and the Electric Universe. [b]All stellar and planetary celestial objects, after their formation in powerful z-pinches along plasma filaments in space, are free to join up to form the impressive and beautiful variety of star systems we see today. [/b]

This is why more than half of the stars we see are in binary and even multiple systems. It also means that most of the exoplanetary systems we are able to observe are in unlikely paths around their stars.

Sun Friend says » "Wow, what a masterpiece! Thank you Brigit. I'm just learning about the Electric Universe and this gives me so much to contemplate."

Hey Sun Friend, thanks! I am very glad you had a look. In the Electric Universe model, there is some variation between the Comparative Mythologists regarding how the present Solar System came to be the way it is. And of course the Nebular Hypothesis is held in a powerfully subconscious/habitual manner by most people, even on this Forum. I am following Wal Thornhill's model, which is a Capture Model of the Solar System.

I hinted early on about the Hale-Bopp Comet's orbit, and its long-period arrival from deep beneath the Sun.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKCOqcL-nUw
Comet Hale–Bopp and its Appearance in 1997
CH: Celestial Mechanics

This is the template I am using for Brown Dwarf L-type Star Saturn's path of capture by the Sun.

There are three reasons I have chosen this path for Saturn's capture. I want to share those next.

Wow, what a masterpiece! Thank you Brigit. I'm just learning about the Electric Universe and this gives me so much to contemplate.

[b]Wal Thornhill: Gravitational Accretion Bites the Dust | Space News
[/b] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mjn-QT7Ze-8
CH: Thunderbolts Project
dur. 8:25

The introduction continues,

[list=]"In our Electric Universe, it is not a coincidence that stars tend to form in groups
along spectacular snake-like filaments.

Standard theory had originally proposed that massive stars would form in individual proto-stellar clouds.

But consider these images of a stellar nursery in the aptly named Snake Nebula
where a number of stars are forming along the filament and the stars themselves break up along a cylinder.

This is in stark contrast to gravitational theory which predicts that a center of mass exists toward which all of the surrounding material in the cloud tends to move and to congregate to eventually form a star.

What's more, just as a fatal deficit of matter is observed in the disks about stars to form a typical number of planets,
scientists studying the Snake Nebula found that the material needed to be drawn in to form massive stars
is far less than gravitational models predict."[/list]

Wal Thornhill states,

[list]"It's been found that protostars and young stars
are more likely to be found in binary pairs
strung at intervals along a filament inside a molecular cloud."
[/list]
[list=]"This raises the real issue that astrophysicists don't understand
how either the filaments or the stars are formed,
something that plasma cosmologists have shown for half a century or more."[/list]

[list=]"The problem is that astrophysicists are using a gravitational accretion model
based on the concept of a center of mass
which doesn't lend itself to preferentially producing pairs of stars.
Meanwhile, the plasma cosmology model is electromagnetically-
driven by a linear twisted pair of Birkeland current filaments.
It's an inherently binary phenomenon."[/list]

[list=]"In the Electric Universe, stars and planets are formed along the Birkeland current filament
by a powerful and long-range 1/√r electromagnetic scavenging force
acting on the diffused dust and gas in a molecular cloud.
This compares to the puny short-range 1/r² gravitational force
which cannot form a filament anyway.
On the basis that nature doesn't do anything the hard way,
gravity just isn't the answer!"[/list]

In "Wal Thornhill: Gravitational Accretion Bites the Dust," Stuart Talbott introduced a then-current scientific report about a failure to be able to simulate or model gravitational accretion:

[list=]"Welcome to Space News from the Electric Universe, brought to you by The Thunderbolts Project™ at Thunderbolts.info.

New scientific reports provide yet another devastating blow to the standard theory of planet formation.

In recent years, we've reported on a stunning series of discoveries
that [i]completely confound[/i] the [i]more than two-and-a-half-centuries-old Nebular Hypothesis.[/i]
The Electric Universe theory has always proposed that planets do not form from accretion
in gravitationally collapsing nebular clouds.
Rather, The Thunderbolts Project's chief science advisor Wal Thornhill has always proposed two mechanisms of planet formation.

One is the formation of planets by the electromagnetic z-pinch effect
along the same filaments where stars are now known to form.
And other planets are later ejected from the cores of the gas giants.

The accretion hypothesis has failed both experimentally and observationally.
As noted in a recent news report,
[list=]'According to the traditional story of the origin of the solar system,
the planets formed slowly from accretion,
as particles in the circumstellar disk clumped together to great pebbles,
then slightly larger spheres, on and on until they reached their current size.
But when scientists try to re-create this story with computer models, it breaks down.
Rather than growing, these incipient planets tend to splinter after reaching pebble size.'"[/list]
[/list]




The filamentary nature of the plasma universe has been observed and written about since the time of Hannes Alfven (1908-1995). It was well into the space age when the Herschel Telescope at last revealed stars forming along the length of plasma filaments in molecular clouds. This was just as the Nobel-prize winning plasma physicist Alfven had forecast would be the case.

That should be,

The idea that many asteroids and comets could actually be made of sedimentary rock is even worse for the Nebular Hypothesis. And yet, that comets and asteroids which have been torn out of planetary surfaces in a recent epoch could be comprised of sedimentary rock is an incredible outcome of the Electric Universe model of comets and asteroids. It has so much to support it. But it will have to be set aside for now.

In standard cosmology, the asteroids and comets are mainly leftovers from cold and primordial conditions within the Solar System. They are often claimed as the ancient leftovers from planetary formation, lost outliers from gravitational processes, that didn't quite "fall in" to place.

But in reality, the space age journeys to [i]actual space rocks[/i] kept presenting a picture of comets and asteroids that --
one, could never, ever have filled the ocean basins of Earth with water;
two, had high temperature minerals; and
three, could include fragile volatiles like carbonaceous materials that require a "watery world."

The idea that many asteroids and comets could actually be made of sedimentary rock is even worse for the Nebular Hypothesis. Yet, that comets and asteroids that have been torn out of planetary surfaces in a recent epoch -- and in many cases could be comprised of sedimentary rock -- is an incredible outcome of the Electric Universe model of comets and asteroids. It has so much to support it. But it will have to wait.

And one of the most incredible outcomes of the Electric Universe model of Planetary Capture is that many many asteroids, Centaurs, comets, moons and TransNeptunian objects could be made of sedimentary rock, because they were electrically machined out of planetary surfaces just recently!

The National Analytical Observatory of Japan announced a surprising alignment of long-period comets in 2020. These long-period comets are concentrated in an orbit that travels above and below the sun in what they call the "empty ecliptic."

Stephen Smith reported:



[list][list]https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/20200929-rise-fig-full-550x367.jpg
Image: “Artist’s impression of the distribution of long-period comets. The converging lines represent the paths of the comets. The ecliptic plane is shown in yellow and the empty ecliptic is shown in blue. The background grid represents the plane of the Galactic disk.” (Credit: NAOJ).[/list]

"The announcement from the National Analytical Observatory of Japan shows that the alignment of long period comets indicates another orbital plane within the Solar System that is different from the one along which the planets move.

Arika Higuchi, an assistant professor at the University of Occupational and Environmental Health in Japan showed that when gravity from the Milky Way is taken into account (among other factors), “…the aphelia of long-period comets tend to collect around two planes. First the well-known ecliptic, but also a second ’empty ecliptic’. The ecliptic is inclined with respect to the disk of the Milky Way by about 60 degrees.” "

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2020/09/30/eccentricity/[/list]


In the Electric Universe model, the Solar System was not congealed from a dusty disk of gas and dust surrounding the sun over the course of billions of years. The Solar System is instead assembled from planetary and stellar objects from outside of the Sun's heliosphere. These bodies were captured both electrically and gravitationally.

The asteroids and comets of our Solar System, in the planetary capture model, are all rocky debris ripped out from the crusts of planets in interplanetary electric discharges. In the case of the most recent capture of Saturn with its satellites, it is possible these events left a trail of debris which can still be observed today. The second plane of cometary orbits could be an indication of Saturn's recent capture.

Here is one of Stephen Smith's PotDs from 2020. While it does not mention the Zodiacal Light in particular, there are some statements about what [i]could be expected[/i] to be found in the make-up of the dust in our local Solar System, [i]if it was the scene of recent electrical interactions [/i]involving Saturn and Mars.




[list][b]Martian Mysteries[/b]

[list]https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/pia18336-1041.jpg
This image of Saturn was taken in a wavelength that is absorbed by methane. Dark areas are regions with thicker clouds, where light has to travel through more methane. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute. [/list]

What brought methane to the Red Planet?

[b]According to a recent press release, measurements taken by NASA’s Curiosity rover show a “higher than expected” amount of methane in the Martian regolith.[/b] Planetary scientists believe that methane is important, since one way it forms is through biological processes. Methane gas is quickly reformed on Earth, breaking down into carbon dioxide and water vapor, so it will survive for a longer time in the low oxygen atmosphere of Mars. Researchers speculate that Martian methane might be contained in underground pockets that could be extremely old.

Curiosity found “the largest amount of methane ever measured during the mission”, but it is not equipped to identify the source. As far as mission members can tell, it might come from anywhere on the planet. Paul Mahaffy of NASA’s Goddard Spaceflight Center wrote:

“With our current measurements, we have no way of telling if the methane source is biology or geology, or even ancient or modern.”

A recent Picture of the Day discussed the detection of methane from Martian orbit, although, in general, they did not detect any methane in the atmosphere other than a brief spike of about 15 parts per billion by volume. NASA believes that the methane detection was due to “relatively weak geologic processes” releasing gas trapped beneath the surface, although how it got there is not understood.

[b]Electric Universe advocates think that the Solar System was the scene of catastrophic events in the recent past. Those destructive phenomena are theorized by some to mean that Mars and Venus interacted with each other and with Earth, and that Saturn could have been involved with the three planets. There is a detectable amount of methane in Saturn’s atmosphere, so it is possible that hydrogen, helium, methane and carbon dioxide in the atmospheres of several Solar System bodies came from Saturn: massive clouds of ionized gas and dust probably inundated nearby space at one time. Those catastrophes are thought to date from around 5000 years ago.[/b]

Some regions of Mars are so choked with dust that orbital instruments cannot derive a spectrogram. That means that no one knows what is under the dust. Since there is no way to know what it is, the speculation is that it might be layers of volcanic deposits, sediments from an ocean that vanished billions of years ago, or “compacted wind-blown soils” containing methane that is occasionally disturbed by marsquakes.
[b]
The survival of methane in Martian regolith could mean that the surface of Mars is not very old, in geological terms.[/b] It will be instructive over the next few decades to see if the quantity of methane declines.

Stephen Smith[/list]



So there we have it: "There is a detectable amount of methane in Saturn’s atmosphere, so it is possible that hydrogen, helium, methane and carbon dioxide in the atmospheres of several Solar System bodies came from Saturn: massive clouds of ionized gas and dust probably inundated nearby space at one time."

The Zodaical Light could be composed of hydrogen, helium, methane (which breaks down in UV), carbon dioxide and massive clouds of ionized dust. (And possibly saltwater molecules.)

The fact that the dust is ionized by electrical processes after being ripped from atmospheres and surfaces of planets would go a long way toward explaining the fact that the dust cloud actually has structure -- and can shimmer, brighten, and dim, as Kristian Birkeland was intrigued to note in his lifetime. It' replenishment is not necessary if it is a young dust cloud.

The Zodiacal Light has been observed by Pioneer 10 & 11, by IRAS, COBE and ISO, and by Juno.

Here is an EPIC release on Juno's path and observations of the dust.

https://youtu.be/ve0jLXEzFXE
dur 1:45

It seems to be the source of the idea that the Zodiacal Light is composed of Martian dust from its frequent global electrical storms (in its exceedingly thin atmosphere).

The video appears to represent the structure and thickness (side-on) of the dust. So awesome.

Mars and Earth went into place.