by galaxy12 » Thu Jul 24, 2025 5:33 am
@Maol
You bring up some very good questions.
Regarding the geographic and magnetic poles. The terminology being used is extremely confusing. As you stated, the geographic south pole of the Earth is also labeled the south magnetic pole in current terminology. This is misleading and means that the south pole of a bar magnet in a compass would point toward the south geographic pole. If we consider the earth as a dipole magnet, the south geographic pole and south magnetic pole would actually be equivalent to the north end of a bar magnet. Magnetic field lines point from north to south. If you look up pictures of Earth's magnetic field, you should notice that the arrows are directed out of the south geographic pole and flow back into the north geographic pole. I know this is confusing but the magnetic poles of the Earth have historically been labeled according to which end of a bar magnet would be attracted to them.
Regarding the weather vortices at the polar regions. I agree that it is almost too coincidental that the locations where electrons enter the earth due to the Faraday disc effect are also the areas where Auroras and weather vortices form. At the present time, the electron current flow due to the Faraday disc effect is assumed by most scientists to be too low to contribute significantly to weather patterns at the poles. I, however, suspect the electron current flow has been underestimated so I definitely do not rule out any association just yet. The faraday disc effect does likely contribute to a fairly substantial portion of the atmospheric electrical voltage gradient at conductive regions of the Earth near the equator (West Africa, Himalaya Mountains, Andes Mountains). The Faraday disc effect also contributes to cloud charging.
On planets with high magnetic field strengths such as Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, the current flow due to the Faraday disc effect is likely much larger than on Earth. The effects on weather patterns is also likely to be much stronger.
Regarding your question "However, wouldn't one pole be negative charged electrons and the opposite pole positively charged protons or other positive ions?" You bring up a very good point. The Faraday disc effect propels electrons either outward or inward depending whether the magnetic field lines point to the north or south geographic pole. Since the equator is spinning fastest, the Faraday disc effect should be greatest there.
We can use the right hand rule to determine the direction of conventional current (positive ion) flow. Electrons would flow the opposite direction of positive ions. If we are at Earth's surface at the equator, the magnetic field lines would be pointing toward the north geographic pole. We can point our index finger in the direction of the magnetic field lines (toward the north geographic pole). We point our middle finger in the direction of Earth's rotation (eastward). Our thumb now points downward in the direction of positive ion flow. Electrons would therefore travel outward at the equator.
If we are near the the equatorial line but deep inside the Earth near its core, the magnetic field lines would be pointing toward the south geographic pole. We can point our index finger in the direction of the magnetic field lines (toward the south geographic pole). We point our middle finger in the direction of Earth's rotation (eastward). Our thumb now points outward in the direction of positive ion flow. Electrons would therefore travel inward near Earth's core, toward the axis of rotation.
These electron flows must form a continuous loop to complete the circuit. I have already described this electron flow in my prior post.
The calculations for electron flow due to the Faraday disc effect are based on the Earth as a simple conductor like a disc of aluminum. The earth is more complicated. Additional current flows, in addition to the Faraday disc effect, are generated by rotating charged areas within the Earth which I have not yet discussed on this forum.
@Maol
You bring up some very good questions.
Regarding the geographic and magnetic poles. The terminology being used is extremely confusing. As you stated, the geographic south pole of the Earth is also labeled the south magnetic pole in current terminology. This is misleading and means that the south pole of a bar magnet in a compass would point toward the south geographic pole. If we consider the earth as a dipole magnet, the south geographic pole and south magnetic pole would actually be equivalent to the north end of a bar magnet. Magnetic field lines point from north to south. If you look up pictures of Earth's magnetic field, you should notice that the arrows are directed out of the south geographic pole and flow back into the north geographic pole. I know this is confusing but the magnetic poles of the Earth have historically been labeled according to which end of a bar magnet would be attracted to them.
Regarding the weather vortices at the polar regions. I agree that it is almost too coincidental that the locations where electrons enter the earth due to the Faraday disc effect are also the areas where Auroras and weather vortices form. At the present time, the electron current flow due to the Faraday disc effect is assumed by most scientists to be too low to contribute significantly to weather patterns at the poles. I, however, suspect the electron current flow has been underestimated so I definitely do not rule out any association just yet. The faraday disc effect does likely contribute to a fairly substantial portion of the atmospheric electrical voltage gradient at conductive regions of the Earth near the equator (West Africa, Himalaya Mountains, Andes Mountains). The Faraday disc effect also contributes to cloud charging.
On planets with high magnetic field strengths such as Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, the current flow due to the Faraday disc effect is likely much larger than on Earth. The effects on weather patterns is also likely to be much stronger.
Regarding your question "However, wouldn't one pole be negative charged electrons and the opposite pole positively charged protons or other positive ions?" You bring up a very good point. The Faraday disc effect propels electrons either outward or inward depending whether the magnetic field lines point to the north or south geographic pole. Since the equator is spinning fastest, the Faraday disc effect should be greatest there.
We can use the right hand rule to determine the direction of conventional current (positive ion) flow. Electrons would flow the opposite direction of positive ions. If we are at Earth's surface at the equator, the magnetic field lines would be pointing toward the north geographic pole. We can point our index finger in the direction of the magnetic field lines (toward the north geographic pole). We point our middle finger in the direction of Earth's rotation (eastward). Our thumb now points downward in the direction of positive ion flow. Electrons would therefore travel outward at the equator.
If we are near the the equatorial line but deep inside the Earth near its core, the magnetic field lines would be pointing toward the south geographic pole. We can point our index finger in the direction of the magnetic field lines (toward the south geographic pole). We point our middle finger in the direction of Earth's rotation (eastward). Our thumb now points outward in the direction of positive ion flow. Electrons would therefore travel inward near Earth's core, toward the axis of rotation.
These electron flows must form a continuous loop to complete the circuit. I have already described this electron flow in my prior post.
The calculations for electron flow due to the Faraday disc effect are based on the Earth as a simple conductor like a disc of aluminum. The earth is more complicated. Additional current flows, in addition to the Faraday disc effect, are generated by rotating charged areas within the Earth which I have not yet discussed on this forum.