identified by some scientists as "Gravitational Lensing".
In wikipedia there is a special page for it:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lens
There are 3 types:
1. crosses
2. arcs or rings
3. Both.
Ring and cross
But what are they really?
Certain "crosses" are clearly a result of Halton Arp's quasar system, where quasars originate from the centre of galaxies. In these cases the redshift caused by hot plasma gives the impression that the objects are far far away, while they are instead near the galaxy.
The rings and combination of rings and crosses seem more the result of supernovas.
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/20 ... nova-1987a
This is a supernova
Don't they look like rings?
Yes there are almost the same.
Well, it seems to me that all "lensing rings" are misidentified remains of supernovas or star-clusters.
And all crosses are caused by plasma redshift.
The lensing evidence is nothing more than wishfull thinking.