SEMI•CONDUCTOR STRUCTURING

[seasmith]

more like farming


[this is a photo, not a graphic representation!]

An electron microscope photo of the innovative semiconductor structure: the yellow-coloured heads consist of monolithic germanium and the grey substrate is silicon. (Image: Claudiu Falub, ETH Zurich)

"The elegant alternative of monolithic integration is easily done only if the interatomic spacings and thermal properties of silicon and the combination material differ slightly, or if the layers are comparatively thin", says Professor Hans von Känel, Private Docent at ETH Zurich ... Their paper has just been published in the scientific journal Science ("Scaling Hetero-Epitaxy from Layers to Three-Dimensional Crystals") and is regarded as a breakthrough, which is why it was also chosen as the cover story.

So they are growing these x-photo receptor crystalline arrays in a silicon field~

The original aim of the research team's work, which forms part of the Nano-Tera project "NEXRAY" with the CSEM, the EMPA and the ETH as partners, and the CSEM as coordinator, was to produce an X-ray detector grown monolithically on the read-out electronics. The detector needs millions of pixels, which must function simultaneously to guarantee high spatial resolution. A layer of germanium at least 50 microns thick is required to ensure sufficient sensitivity. Large-area detectors produced using previous methods are prohibitively expensive. Hans von Känel stresses that "Our research makes it possible to produce the highest-resolution X-ray detector that has ever existed, and at an affor... allowed germanium crystals to grow on these silicon pillars./quote]

It is also possible to manufacture high-efficiency stacked photovoltaic cells made from semiconductors, with each cell absorbing different wavelengths of sunlight.

http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=247 ... oo%21+Mail


Electricity from x-rays. Wonder what crystal would convert gamma rays ?
The "thermal properties " can probably be described with charge.

s

[GaryN]

Wonder what crystal would convert gamma rays ?

And if you did manage to snag a gamma ray photon, would you aquire an electron and a positron?

[seasmith]

Wonder what crystal would convert gamma rays ?


And if you did manage to snag a gamma ray photon, would you aquire an electron and a positron?

Gary,

I thought positrons were just in-side-out electrons.
What are you thinking there ?

s

[seasmith]

In astronomy, higher energy gamma and X-rays are defined by energy, since the processes which produce them may be uncertain and photon energy, not origin, determines the required astronomical detectors needed.[13] High energy photons occur in nature which are known to be produced by processes other than nuclear decay but are still referred to as gamma radiation. An example is "gamma rays" from lightning discharges at 10 to 20 MeV, and known to be produced by the Bremsstrahlung mechanism.

Pair production: This becomes possible with gamma energies exceeding 1.02 MeV, and becomes important as an absorption mechanism at energies over 5 MeV (see illustration at right, for lead). By interaction with the electric field of a nucleus, the energy of the incident photon is converted into the mass of an electron-positron pair. Any gamma energy in excess of the equivalent rest mass of the two particles (totaling at least 1.02 MeV) appears as the kinetic energy of the pair and in the recoil of the emitting nucleus. At the end of the positron's range, it combines with a free electron, and the two annihilate, and the entire mass of these two is then converted into two gamma photons of at least 0.51 MeV energy each (or higher according to the kinetic energy of the annihilated particles).
The secondary electrons (and/or positrons) produced in any of these three processes frequently have enough energy to produce much ionization themselves.

-wiki




[which wiki depicts as a 'radiating wave']


~ So i guess the whole electron-positron discussion hinges on the definition of "photon" ?

[GaryN]

~ So i guess the whole electron-positron discussion hinges on the definition of "photon" ?

Perhaps not the definition, but rather whether the photon actually exists! I'm going to defer further discussion on this topic for a while, as I just this morning received my copy of Bahram Katirais "Revolution in Physics", which claims to explain everything by way of the A/Ether. Even if I don't like or agree with what he says, perhaps it will be an investment, as I found a new copy for $25, but I saw used ones with an asking price of up to $230!
I'll be back...

[seasmith]

An electron hole is the conceptual and mathematical opposite of an electron, useful in the study of physics, chemistry, and electrical engineering. The concept describes the lack of an electron at a position where one could exist in an atom or atomic lattice. It is different from the positron, which is an actual particle of antimatter, whereas the hole is just a fiction, used for modeling convenience.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_hole

So much for the consensus consensus.



Experimental observation of electron–hole recollisions
nature- March 28, 2012
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v4 ... 10864.html
http://www.kurzweilai.net/how-to-create ... dium=email

An intense laser field can remove an electron from an atom or molecule and pull the electron into a large-amplitude oscillation in which it repeatedly collides with the charged core it left behind1, 2, 3, 4. Such recollisions result in the emission of very energetic photons by means of high-order-harmonic generation, which has been observed in atomic and molecular gases5, 6, 7 as well as in a bulk crystal8. An exciton is an atom-like excitation of a solid in which an electron that is excited from the valence band is bound by the Coulomb interaction to the hole it left behind9, 10.

Now they've violently oscillated an 'electron' , separating it from its "core" , but "Coulomb interactions" (the old 'electro-static forces' cause the 'electron' to slam back into its 'hole/core; and various frequencies of photonic/light emissions are produced.

“As the low-frequency field oscillates, it causes the electron to come careening back to the hole.” The electron has excess energy because it has been accelerated, and when it slams back into the hole, the recombined electron-hole pair emits photons at new frequencies — up to 11 in their experiment.

An electron turned inside-out, by addition of laser power, which excess power is then shed as luminous scintillation, when said electron snaps back together.
Do they have any real understanding regarding the fundamental nature of electricity and electrons, or are they just purposefully being obtuse ?

The only thing everybody seems to agree upon is oscillation <>><...

s

[seasmith]

Nabbed. This oddball transistor with a normal metal electrode (N) and a superconducting electrode (S) registered signs of Majorana fermions at the two ends of a nanowire spanning the electrodes.

If Majoranas are confirmed, they are expected to have properties that make them ideal for constructing a quantum computer. When you move two Majorana fermions with respect to one another, they essentially "remember" their former position, a property that could be used to encode data at the quantum level.

http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2 ... tml?ref=em