Magnetic fields and Electric Currents

[moses]

What we do get are occasional remarks by astronomers about the violence of stellar outbursts on other stars like our Sun. We would not survive. Brigit

To me this is an indicator of the stars being much closer than they think, so things are a lot less violent out there.

Mo

[paladin17]

If the sun is embedded in a galactic Birkland current, then so is the Heliosphere.

In that event, the planets and the sun are embedded in the heliosphere, which is embedded in a Birkland current, which is a current that varies in power across time.

That variance across time would supply changing amounts of charged particles to the heliosphere. The heliosphere, which is a plasma double layer, collects those charged particles, in this model. As a double layer does in an ion accelerator, the heliospheric plasma double layer accelerates those charged particles sunward. This supply of charged particles externally powers the electric sun.

In this case we still have the problem of accumulating charge. If there is an electric field from inside of the Sun to the outside (or vice versa), which produces the current that delivers the power to "light it up", then this electric field would start to quickly diminish as the Sun charges up with the corresponding species (protons/electrons), eventually shutting the current down completely.

[jacmac]

Paladin17:

In this case we still have the problem of accumulating charge.

Perhaps this is part of the answer.
https://getpocket.com/explore/item/the- ... ket-newtab

The sun radiates far more high-frequency light than expected, raising questions about unknown features of the sun’s magnetic field and the possibility of even more exotic physics.

A decade’s worth of telescope observations of the sun have revealed a startling mystery: Gamma rays, the highest frequency waves of light, radiate from our nearest star seven times more abundantly than expected. Stranger still, despite this extreme excess of gamma rays overall, a narrow bandwidth of frequencies is curiously absent.

Not only is the gamma-ray signal far stronger than a decades-old theory predicts; it also extends to much higher frequencies than predicted, and it inexplicably varies across the face of the sun and throughout the 11-year solar cycle. Then there’s the gap, which researchers call a “dip” — a lack of gamma rays with frequencies around 10 trillion trillion hertz. “The dip just defies all logic,” said Tim Linden, a particle astrophysicist at Ohio State who helped analyze the signal.

If the theory of the sun reflecting Gamma rays from the galaxy is correct,
and the galactic Gamma ray frequency spectrum does not have a "dip";
then the sun is not reflecting the dip frequencies, or we might say it is harvesting them.

While reading this article I thought about the double layer we call the chromosphere, and how it might sustain itself.
I don't recall discussion of how double layers (wherever they are) do what they do. There must be energy required.
Perhaps the missing gamma rays are busy doing work ?

[jacmac]

Cargo:

Depending on which and what severity of cycle the Sun is in, there may be more or less chance of seeing a 'plant causes sun activity' event. Because on the whole, the planets are all very tiny compared to the Sun.

But the planets are of similar sizes with the sunspots.

[paladin17]

Paladin17:

In this case we still have the problem of accumulating charge.

Perhaps this is part of the answer.
https://getpocket.com/explore/item/the- ... ket-newtab

I'm sorry, but I don't understand your point. Gamma rays are photons, and I cannot see how they (as they are electrically neutral) can possibly help in getting rid of excess electric charge.
Granted, there is a small current to the Sun from cosmic rays (my estimates are - about few kA), but it can easily be compensated by a small excess in the heliospheric current sheet (which carries some GA of current).

[Higgsy]

Granted, there is a small current to the Sun from cosmic rays (my estimates are - about few kA),

I come to ~8kA starting with 10^3 particles m^-2 (sr s GeV)^-1 at 1GeV falling to about 10 particles m^-2 (sr s GeV)^-1 at 10GeV. Maybe the flux is a bit higher, but anyway, it's kA.

[Brigit]

by moses » Thu Dec 03, 2020 8:44 pm

What we do get are occasional remarks by astronomers about the violence of stellar outbursts on other stars like our Sun. We would not survive. Brigit

To me this is an indicator of the stars being much closer than they think, so things are a lot less violent out there.

Mo

Sure mo! Keep your options open.

But it is still interesting to see what is happening on other main sequence, G-type stars. And what they have found, when they bothered to look, was that a portion of them are prone to superflares. This is not really helpful when it comes to long term understanding of their cycles, but it is a start. The superflares are associated with "solar analogue" stars that have what appear to be huge sunspots.

So all other things being equal, the Sun's planets may be modulating the size of the sunspots on our Sun, and lessening the available power in the circuit for breakdowns in double layers, that is, flares.

ref: superflares, wik
ref: https://www.nature.com/news/superflares ... rs-1.10653
ref: https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.03659 "We confirmed that many of the target stars rapidly rotate and have high Li abundance, compared with the Sun, as suggested by many previous studies. There are, however, also some target stars that rotate slowly (vsini=2∼3 km s−1) and have low Li abundance like the Sun. These results support that old and slowly rotating stars similar to the Sun could have high activity level and large starspots. This is consistent with the results of our previous studies of solar-type superflare stars. In the future, it is important to conduct long-term monitoring observations of these active solar-analog stars in order to investigate detailed properties of large starspots from the viewpoint of stellar dynamo theory."

[Brigit]

by paladin17 » Thu Dec 03, 2020 11:47 pm

Brigit wrote: ↑Thu Dec 03, 2020 1:50 pm
If the sun is embedded in a galactic Birkland current, then so is the Heliosphere.

In that event, the planets and the sun are embedded in the heliosphere, which is embedded in a Birkland current, which is a current that varies in power across time.

That variance across time would supply changing amounts of charged particles to the heliosphere. The heliosphere, which is a plasma double layer, collects those charged particles, in this model. As a double layer does in an ion accelerator, the heliospheric plasma double layer accelerates those charged particles sunward. This supply of charged particles externally powers the electric sun.

In this case we still have the problem of accumulating charge. If there is an electric field from inside of the Sun to the outside (or vice versa), which produces the current that delivers the power to "light it up", then this electric field would start to quickly diminish as the Sun charges up with the corresponding species (protons/electrons), eventually shutting the current down completely.

Now paladin17 wants to turn off the electric sun.

I will demonstrate how to do that in a minute.

[moses]

...a portion of them are prone to superflares. Brigit

If we propose that large galactic currents make some stars rotate quickly then an increase in galactic current could make slower rotating stars increase their spin rate but also the increased current could produce superflares.

And any error in a star's distance would not be enough to account for the superflares.
Mo

[Cargo]

For the OT, magnetism is an effect of electricity. You can't have a field without at least one current.

[Brigit]

by paladin17 » Thu Dec 03, 2020 11:47 pm

In this case we still have the problem of accumulating charge. If there is an electric field from inside of the Sun to the outside (or vice versa), which produces the current that delivers the power to "light it up", then this electric field would start to quickly diminish as the Sun charges up with the corresponding species (protons/electrons), eventually shutting the current down completely.

That would be true in an electrostatic model of the sun. No one is talking about an electrostatic sun, though: the description I gave of the sun -- within a heliopause, within a Birkeland Current -- was a diagram; the only purpose of it was to visualize a relationship between the plasma filament local to the sun, the heliopause, the sun, and the planets. It is not dissimilar to this diagram:

https://www.holoscience.com/wp/wp-conte ... onment.jpg

The Sun is not a statically charged object in its heliosphere, it is an electrode. Specifically, it is an anode, with a current flowing between it and the heliopause, which forms its cathode. The cathode heliosphere is where the plasma double layer gathers electrons and sends them sunward. At the anode sun, it lights up.

In Juergens' paper he used the various formations within an electric discharge tube to describe many of the features of the sun. The anode dark space, the anode glow, anode tufts, the positive column, the Faraday dark space, the cathode glow and cathode dark space are all regions of charge formed within a discharge tube. These electrical phenomena between electrodes in a discharge tube are the correct analogue for the Electric Sun, not an isolated electrostatic sphere.

So to turn it off, you turn off the Birkland current.

[jacmac]

Paladin17

I'm sorry, but I don't understand your point. Gamma rays are photons, and I cannot see how they (as they are electrically neutral) can possibly help in getting rid of excess electric charge.

My Bad.
I was thinking of the more general question of how the sun works, and not your statement of excess charge. There are descriptions of what double layers are, where they might be, and what they do, but I do not recall any proposals of where does a double layer get its energy to maintain itself. This is where I was putting those missing high energy gamma rays in my suggestion above.

The solar wind might be a current of excess charge, or feedback current of charged particles moving back to the heliopause.

Brigit:

The heliosphere, which is a plasma double layer, collects those charged particles,......the heliospheric plasma double layer accelerates those charged particles sunward.

While I agree with that , which sounds like Dr. Scott's "DRIFT CURRENT, " I think Dr. Scotts statement that the chromosphere is a double layer is also correct. I do wonder why there is little focus by the EU community on the chromosphere as a double layer.
Understanding the function of the chromosphere could be a key component of understanding the sun. IMO.