I made an online book out of Charles Chandler's papers and some forum discussions and this link is to the section called The Planets at
https://zzzzzzz.substack.com/i/137208667/the-planets . Charles had the most thorough model of stars and planets of any models that I've seen and it's an EU model, which he called Electric Astrophysics and Electric Geophysics. In that section he explained how electric forces produce many of Earth's features, including Volcanoes. Electric currents are involved. He showed that arc discharges in the photosphere of the Sun cause fusion of elements on the Sun. I suspect that arc discharges in Earth's crust were much stronger during ancient cataclysms, strong enough to fuse elements, such as the metals mentioned in that Oz video (Oz means Australia). I've been regularly posting links to some of these Oz videos in my weekly list of article and video titles with links on the Resources Board. I discovered his channel maybe a year or more ago. I mainly post links that relate to ancient cataclysms, so I probably didn't include the link in your post above. Some of the elements it mentions are gold, uranium, copper, silver etc. I've occasionally discussed on the TB forum transmutation of elements. Heat and biological action seem to be ways that transmutation can occur, but electrical energy can likely do it too, and that's what fusion is. Fission also results in transmutation, and may involve the same forces.
I think Thornhill and Juergens made some major mistakes in developing their EU models, such as assuming that vacuums are insulators to electric currents and that asteroids etc can't impact the Earth and make craters, because of the ionosphere supposedly pulverizing any intruder. Thornhill also thought huge megalightning carved out the Atlantic Ocean basin and the Grand Canyon etc, but all of these ideas are surely wrong. They were never able to explain in detail how such things could have occurred, as far as I know, and I did read most of Thornhill's papers on his website and in TPODs. Charles showed that airbursts are likely due to microfractures in meteors that run into the interior and when the meteor enters the atmosphere electrons are drawn out, leaving excess positive charge on the inside, which causes it to explode. But if there are not enough microfractures, the meteor would be able to penetrate to the ground or seas and cause thermonuclear explosions and usually craters. I think he figured that meteors had to be moving at least c. 20 km per second in order to have enough pressure and heat to produce a thermonuclear explosion on impact.
Some months ago the Oz guy checked out some of Bright Insight's videos about tsunamis that washed over the Sahara Desert in ancient times. The Oz guy found that craters in the Indian Ocean (Burckle Crater) and in the Mediterranean Sea and in the Pacific caused tsunamis in the Sahara and along coasts worldwide. He probably dated them to millions of years ago, based on mainstream dating, but it appears to me that they occurred during or after the Younger Dryas event. The mainstream dates it to c. 12,000 BP, but I date it to 4,500 BP, just prior to the beginning of known ancient civilizations. I date the Great Flood to 5,200 BP and the Ice Age between those two dates. The Great Flood was caused by impact tsunamis when the continents were all joined in the supercontinent Pangaea. One large asteroid hit Pangaea near east Africa and broke it up into continents about halfway through the Great Flood event, causing mountain chains to form and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans to form. The Great Flood deposited almost all of Earth's sedimentary rock strata, so anything that exists on top of sedimentary rock came after the Great Flood. Pleistocene rock strata are the most recent and they seem to have been deposited during the Ice Age and Younger Dryas impacts, conflagration and flooding catastrophe.
Regarding Bengali Cave in Portugal in the image above at this post
viewtopic.php?p=10965#p9906 , the sedimentary rock strata there is said to be limestone. So it's natural for cracks/fissures to form in it and rain and seawater to dissolve the limestone and widen the cracks to form the large hollow over a few millennia. Conventional dating says millions of years, but there was little or no sedimentary rock before the Great Flood c. 5,200 years ago.
