Keith wrote: ↑Mon Jun 16, 2025 10:40 pm
What is the total electrical charge of the Sun under the Electric Universe model?
Keith, when we consider the Electric Sun model, the answer to your question is not as simple as may first appear.
If we consider the structure of the Sun then conventional astrophysics considers the Sun to be a hydrogen/helium plasma, we are told this is so by observations of the solar atmosphere.
Applying this line of reasoning to the Earth, then an external observer may deduce a hydrogen/helium plasma composition for the Earth, after all, hydrogen and helium are the main components of Earth’s exosphere.
The actual composition of the body of the Sun is unknown but if we venture that the Sun formed in Birkeland Current pinch that had been subject to Marklund convection then we can assume a very different solar interior, from the one we are told exists, one composed of heavy elements.
The solar core may be ‘diffuse’, Ralph Juergens did not rule out the possibility that the Sun may be isodense; keep in mind that the Juno spacecraft did not find a compact Jovian core rather a ‘diffuse’ one. If Jupiter is a ‘failed star’ how can nuclear fusion arise in a diffuse core?
As a starting point, any calculations based on the ‘standard’ solar plasma model would, therefore, be wrong.
A better understanding may be gleaned from the writings of Earl Milton.
In my JMST Electric Sun proposal the ‘M’ is in recognition of the work done by Earl Milton in this field. Obviously (?) the remaining letters are ‘J’ Juergens, ‘S’ Scott and ‘T’ Thornhill.
https://thunderbolts.info/wp/forum/phpB ... =3&t=16299
Quoting from Milton:
(Kronos, Vol. 5 No. 1, Fall 1979):
“The corona behaves like an expanding gas, too hot to be bound by gravity to the Sun. Protons leave the Sun continually at velocities in excess of one hundred kilometres per second. The corona loses 67,000 tonnes of gas per second. This gas constitutes the solar wind, which flows outward through the Solar System to be dissipated in interstellar space.
“The observation that the solar wind accelerates after leaving the Sun has befuddled astrophysicists because evaporated protons ought to be retarded by the Sun's gravity as they move outward. At the Earth's distance from the Sun (150 Gm), the solar-wind density is 5 protons per cubic centimetre. This represents an electrical current of
4 x 10-7 amperes per square metre. If the solar wind flows only in the disc of the planetary system, Juergens has calculated the current of the Sun to be of the order of
1015 amperes! This current represents a loss of protons from the Sun, or a gain of negative charge by the Sun; the electric current, or the rate at which the Sun gains charge, is diminished if not all the flowing protons escape the Sun.
“Because an electrical current seems to be flowing away from the Sun, Juergens has proposed that the Sun is powered from the outside. He connects the Sun to the galaxy via an electric discharge with a driving potential of the order of 10 Gigavolts. In the discharge, solar-wind protons move from the Sun to the galaxy, and small numbers of very energetic cosmic electrons flow from the galaxy to the Sun. These electrons release their energy at the photosphere and power the Sun.
“As I visualise the electric Sun, the cosmic space within which the Solar System is embedded possesses a net negative charge per unit relative to the Sun's charge per unit. As the Sun "burns", it acquires increasing negative charge. The Sun's radiative lifetime will extend until the solar charge density equals that of its galactic surroundings.”
(SIS Review, Vol. 5 No. 1, 1980/81):
“Juergens concluded that electrical forces not only played a role in the cosmos but that they were responsible solely for a large number of the cosmic events. Juergens, unlike (Charles) Bruce, did not see the electrification of stellar atmospheres as the result of the mechanical separation of electrons and ions. (Remember that Bruce had proposed such a mechanism when he compared cosmic discharges with terrestrial atmospheres.) Juergens did not follow Bruce's model, where neutral astronomical bodies were surrounded by electrified atmospheres. Instead, he saw the astronomical body as an inherently charged object which was immersed in a universe which could be described as an electrified fluid. His use of a universal electrified fluid rather than empty space between the astronomical bodies is similar to Einstein's notion of space-time curvature used to explain the action of gravity. Einstein pictured the Universe as a sort of sheet of elastic which was distorted by the masses imbedded in it. Where there was a mass there was much strain. Where there was no mass, there was little strain. A cavity surrounded each mass on the otherwise nearly flat fabric of space-time. Similarly, Juergens conceived of space as an electrified fabric where the quantity of charge in the space varies from place to place over large distances. The astronomical objects themselves are swimming in that electrified fabric or fluid, and they also had a charge, which may or may not be compatible with the environment in which they reside.
“Juergens utilised the rules of electricity (which most physicists agree upon) as the operative factor in cosmic processes. So, electric currents flow between a body and the space around it if the two are incompatible electrically. Over a long time, any object comes to be at peace with its environment, then the electric current stops. But until peace is achieved the body is surrounded by an electrical sheath, a region through which an electric current flows, and in which energy is released. The sheath need not produce any optical effect; but under certain conditions, such as around the Sun and about comets, the sheath is luminous.
“(Fundamental to this theory is the notion that the Sun itself is an electrical device which is out of tune with the cosmic environment in which it rests.)
“One can view space electrically, and I will use only negative electricity in my description because I believe the Universe has a net negative charge. Space is a place where each cube of the space "contains" a certain number of negative charges. The bodies in the space and the atoms between the bodies also can have an excess negative charge over what theoretically we consider to be electrically neutral. The charge density need not be the same at all places, so you can have a situation where at one part of the Galaxy there are fewer negatives than elsewhere. Now, if such a situation occurs one would expect that negative charges would flow into the deficient region(s). Eventually equilibrium would be reached, thereafter there would be the same number of negatives everywhere.
“Juergens, though he never wrote of why it would happen, viewed the phenomenon of a star as the result of a suddenly produced electric cavity in the fabric of space. The electric flow into the cavity, which is the Sun (and which includes on its rim the entire planetary system), supplies the energy which the star (here the Sun) radiates. The solar wind, a flow of electron-deficient atoms (ions) away from the Sun, carries the electric current. That a negatively charged body like the Sun can increase its charge by emitting a proton wind is reasonable only if the space surrounding the Sun is more negatively charged than is the Sun itself! Viewed as a body within an electrically neutral Universe, a like-behaving Sun would seem to be positively charged. (No electron wind flows from the Sun: solar wind electrons move randomly.) That the Universe cannot be neutral seems likely.
“Juergens' electrical star begins as an electrical cavity, infinitesimally small and infinitely deep. The cavity sends out a signal to the cosmos asking for charge to fill the deficiency. Since there are not many atoms and fewer available electrons between the stars, the electrical flow is restricted. The Universe, though containing an excess of negative charge, is stingy when it comes to redistribution of its charges. … so also the electrified space must be maintained in a mildly conductive state if any electric redistribution is to be possible. This makes the presence of interstellar matter necessary to the functioning of the Universe. However, … too conductive a space invites annihilation. So … the cosmos limits the transaction between its parts. Thus, some electrons flow into the solar cavity. They flow to the Sun's surface, making it hot and liberating the observed solar output. The process which liberates energy seems not to satisfy the solar demand for electrons, so the Sun generates its own electrical flow toward distant space, the solar wind. By launching electron-deficient atoms into space the Sun gains electrons in a most efficient way. As the solar wind protons pass into the relatively more electron-rich space away from the Sun, the protons (which constitute most of the solar wind) can recombine with now-available electrons, completing indirectly the transfer of one electron from space on to the body of the Sun. So Juergens' notion of an electrical Sun describes a phenomenon that starts out as a very deep cavity which fills up as galactic electrons flow into and solar ions flow out of a widening and ever more shallow electrical cavity. … and you end up with an electrical cavity that would be very, very broad and not very electrically attractive after a time.
“In Juergens' picture the Sun's properties come from without; they arise from where the Sun is located, from the space with which it is interacting. The Sun is visible where the galactic current impinges upon it.”
If we keep the above in mind then in what sense is knowing the solar charge important? Perhaps a value could be used to silence critics? (Highly unlikely) But this value would only be a snapshot of an ever-increasing negative charge.
In my writings I have tried to emphasise that the Sun is highly negatively charged, it acts as an anode due to the greater negative charge of its environment.
To my mind and somewhat adapting Juergens’ proposal, we can see that the very same Birkeland Currents that form stars then power the ‘flaw’ in the ‘electrified fluid’ as Milton calls it. In my earlier material I noted that this is a Sisyphean task and the Sun is not going to ‘run-out’ of fuel any time soon naturally, of course, the governing factor is the Sun’s environment.
I guess what I’m trying to say - in a nutshell - is that we need to know the charge of both the Sun and its environment!