Related to this, here's an article from half a year ago …Some of the world's leading astronomers have been left 'really surprised' after discovering something new about the early days of the universe.
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Led by astronomers from Durham University in the north east of England, they used Webb to look for something called bar formation when the universe was just a few billion years old. It might sound old but in the grand scheme is still the pretty early days, with the universe around 13.7 billion years old today.
In cosmos speak, bars are elongated strips of stars across the universe. It's similar to disc or spiral galaxies such as our very own Milky Way.
As these strips of stars mature, they then regulate star formation within a galaxy, pushing gas into its central area.
Their presence also tells astronomers that galaxies have entered a more settled, mature phase rather than the more violent nature of their early days.
But the findings from Webb mean that scientific theory about the early days of the universe might have to be re-thought after looking back at the formation of galaxies between eight and 11.5 billion years ago.
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Lead author is Zoe Le Conte; a PhD researcher in the Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy within the Department of Physics at Durham University.
Le Conte said: “Galaxies in the early universe are maturing much faster than we thought.
“This is a real surprise because you would expect the universe at that stage to be very turbulent with lots of collisions between galaxies and a lot of gas that hasn’t yet transformed into stars.
“However, thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope we are seeing a lot of these bars much earlier in the life of the Universe which means that galaxies were at a more settled stage in their evolution than previously thought.
“This means we will have to adjust our views on early galaxy evolution.”
https://www.nature.com/articles/d43978-023-00172-y
Now contrast that with this article from NASA just a year ago …Earliest barred galaxy captured through the James Webb telescope
A galaxy similar to our own and dating back to 11.7 billion years ago has surprised scientists with features that current models do not allow for.
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The newly discovered object, named ceers-2112, dates back to nearly 11.7 billion years ago, and according to current astrophysics models, its bar should only have formed 2 billion years later. Because its mass is similar to the one that the Milky way would have had at the same time, ceers-12 represent the most ancient progenitor of our galaxy ever found.
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However, theoretical simulations of the evolution of galaxies in the local Universe do not predict barred galaxies at that age of the Universe, unless they are much more massive than ceesr-2112, Costantin explains.
https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubbl ... -universe/
WRONG. There is another way to evolve bars in spiral galaxies … a way discovered by plasma cosmologist, Anthony Peratt, back in the 1980s, when he used state of the art plasma codes at LANL to model galaxy sized, interacting, Kirkland current carrying, plasma filaments. And what do you know …NASA – Barred Spiral Galaxies Are Latecomers to the Universe
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In a landmark study of more than 2,000 spiral galaxies from the largest galaxy census conducted by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers found that so-called barred spiral galaxies were far less plentiful 7 billion years ago than they are today, in the local universe.
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"The formation of a bar may be the final important act in the evolution of a spiral galaxy," Sheth said. "Galaxies are thought to build themselves up through mergers with other galaxies. After settling down, the only other dramatic way for galaxies to evolve is through the action of bars."
Barred galaxies evolved from them.
Now note this highly recommended(!) set of videos from 2 years ago on the Plasma Universe and Peratt’s model in particular …
Plasma Universe & Electric Universe, What's the Difference?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JK-IGi9wJHY
Plasma Universe Model & the Importance of Birkeland Currents
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gifG1Ei0zp0
Plasma Universe: Formation of Radio Galaxies and Superluminal Jets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmB01PM5qQo
Evolution of Galaxies in the Plasma Universe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6rCfQpSaMs
Plasma Universe - The Unanswered Questions Raised by Anthony Peratt's Model
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mme8_DpHVmY
The fourth contains a very good explanation of how double radio galaxies, quasars and the rest of the galaxy type zoo might evolve from the interaction of Birkeland current carrying, galaxy sized plasma filaments.
The last video asks some good questions about Peratt’s model and I would point out that they remain unanswered more than 30 years after Peratt’s work because efforts to improve and study the model have been stymied by the gnome believers who control astrophysics research funding.
The last video also notes that “the overall timescale for his simulation end to end was between 2 Billion and 200 million years.” That means barred galaxies evolved from Peratt's model within the timeframe that is now “surprising” mainstream astronomers. No surprise to plasma cosmologists. What do you know!.
