Galaxy Merger Questions

[galaxy12]

Galaxy Merger Questions



Questions:
1. Which galaxy has the greater magnetic field?
2. What color is iron-containing dust?
3. What happens to iron filings (iron-containing dust) in a magnetic field?
4. Which galaxy is growing and which one is shrinking?
5. Which direction is iron-containing dust traveling?
6. Which galaxy has the greatest iron content?
7. Which direction is the lower galaxy spinning? (If looking from the top of the image, is it turning clockwise or counter-clockwise?)

[Cargo]

In the fire of the universe, there is no dust, and no wind.

[galaxy12]

Fireworks and their colors:

https://sciencemadefun.net/blog/firewor ... ir-colors/

List of colors and elements in Fireworks:

Aluminum – Aluminum is used to produce silver and white flames and sparks. It is a common component of sparklers.

Antimony – Antimony is used to create firework glitter effects.

Barium – Barium is used to create green colors in fireworks, and it can also help stabilize other volatile elements.

Calcium – Calcium is used to deepen firework colors. Calcium salts produce orange fireworks.

Carbon – Carbon is one of the main components of black powder, which is used as a propellant in fireworks. Carbon provides the fuel for a firework.

Chlorine – Chlorine is an important component of many oxidizers in fireworks. Several of the metal salts that produce colors contain chlorine.

Copper – Copper compounds produce blue colors in fireworks.

Iron – Iron is used to produce sparks. The heat of the metal determines the color of the sparks.

Lithium – Lithium is a metal that is used to impart a red color to fireworks. Lithium carbonate, in particular, is a common colorant.

Magnesium – Magnesium burns a very bright white, so it is used to add white sparks or improve the overall brilliance of a firework.

Oxygen – Fireworks include oxidizers, which are substances that produce oxygen in order for burning to occur. The oxidizers are usually nitrates, chlorates, or perchlorates. Sometimes the same substance is used to provide oxygen and color.

Phosphorus – Phosphorus burns spontaneously in air and is also responsible for some glow-in-the-dark effects. It may be a component of a firework’s fuel.

Potassium – Potassium helps to oxidize firework mixtures. Potassium nitrate, potassium chlorate, and potassium perchlorate are all important oxidizers.

Sodium – Sodium imparts a gold or yellow color to fireworks, however, the color may be so bright that it masks less intense colors.

Sulfur – Sulfur is a component of black powder. It is found in a firework’s propellant/fuel.

Strontium – Strontium salts impart a red color to fireworks. Strontium compounds are also important for stabilizing fireworks mixtures.

Titanium – Titanium metal can be burned as powder or flakes to produce silver sparks.

Zinc – Zinc is used to create smoke effects for fireworks and other pyrotechnic devices.

[galaxy12]

"Iron or steel, when heated to above 460 °C (900 °F), glows with a red color. The color of heated iron changes predictably (due to black-body radiation) from dull red through orange and yellow to white, and can be a useful indicator of its temperature." - Wikipedia

[galaxy12]

"In most cases, spiral galaxies spin with their arms trailing the direction of rotation. "

https://www.astronomy.com/science/do-al ... m-a-photo/

[galaxy12]

[Arcmode]

How do you know they are merging?

[galaxy12]

If material is traveling from one galaxy to the other, I was calling it "merging" but you can describe it how you wish.

[Arcmode]

Ok. I see the material between the galaxies, but could this be some type of transfer or exchange? Have we observed on long enough timescales to witness any mergers complete? I don't know a lot about it but I've heard a lot through the years of galaxies merging. A quick look around the net shows lots of images of 'interacting' galaxies, but only artists impressions of full merges. Have we measured them only getting closer to each other perhaps?

[galaxy12]

I think you may be missing the point of my post. If you prefer to call the image an example of an early merger, a material exchange a transfer or electromagnetic interaction is up to you. The image suggests several hypotheses:

1. When galaxies get close-enough to interact, the iron-rich dust/gas is the first part to interact because of its ability to become magnetized and influenced by the magnetic field.
2. We can confirm the rotation direction of galaxies that are interacting by looking at regions where the iron rich dust has been removed and where it remains.
3. We confirm that iron containing dust is a good indicator of temperature because it is red in the cooler peripheral part of the lower galaxy but turns bluer as it approaches the hotter upper galaxy.
4. We can deduce that the magnetic field is lower in the peripheral part of a lower spiral galaxy than the upper galaxy since the peripheral part of the lower galaxy is losing material while the smaller, more focused upper galaxy is gaining mass.
5. We can deduce that the upper galaxy is in the process of growing while the lower galaxy is shrinking.
6. We can deduce that the upper galaxy likely has a higher rotational velocity since this velocity is proportional to the magnetic field generated.
7. We can deduce that the flatness of a galaxy is likely, at least partially, to the magnetic field that it generates. When this magnetic field is interrupted, the flatness is also affected.
8. We can deduce that, during galaxy mergers, electromagnetic interactions of iron, nickel, etc occur first before gravitational interactions become obvious.
9. We can see that the material loss from a galaxy is in its peripheral part and the the movement is perpendicular to its plane while the material gain of a galaxy is along its periphery. This helps to support my recent post about electron flow in a galaxy. The (positively) ionized dust/gas is attracted to the periphery of a galaxy because the periphery is an electron-rich region (negatively charged) while the nucleus/center of a galaxy is electron-deficient (positively charged).