The article then quotes Dr. Amy Bonsor from Cambridge’s Institute of Astronomy, the lead author of the study, saying “We have a pretty good idea of how planets form, but one outstanding question we’ve had is when they form: does planet formation start early, when the parent star is still growing, or millions of years later?” Her study concludes the answer is together. Great! But I wonder if she and the other authors are even aware that Hannes Alfven and Gustaf Arrhenius answered this question nearly 50 years ago?JANUARY 5, 2023
Astronomers have discovered that planet formation in our young Solar System began far earlier than previously thought, with planet building blocks growing at the same time as their parent star.
According to a study of some of the oldest stars in the Universe, the building blocks of planets like Jupiter and Saturn likely begin to form while a young star is growing. It had been thought that planets only form once a star has reached its final size, but new results, published in the journal Nature Astronomy, suggest that stars and planets ‘grow up’ together.
… snip …
The researchers analyzed spectroscopic observations from the atmospheres of 200 polluted white dwarfs from nearby galaxies. According to their analysis, the mixture of elements seen in the atmospheres of these white dwarfs can only be explained if many of the original asteroids had once melted, which caused heavy iron to sink to the core while the lighter elements floated on the surface. This process, known as differentiation, is what caused the Earth to have an iron-rich core.
“The cause of the melting can only be attributed to very short-lived radioactive elements, which existed in the earliest stages of the planetary system but decay away in just a million years,” said Bonsor. “In other words, if these asteroids were melted by something which only exists for a very brief time at the dawn of the planetary system, then the process of planet formation must kick off very quickly.”
You see, Alfven and Arrhenius wrote a book in 1975 titled “Structure and Evolutionary History of the Solar System” that shows exactly why stars and planets grow together out of a cloud of rotating plasma. Here’s a link to their book: https://books.google.com/books?id=pvrtC ... es&f=false . The answer is on pages 138-143 .
As I’ve noted previously, Alfven and Arrhenius observed that while a slowly rotating cloud may tend to collapse under gravity, there is a point where the outward rotational force will counteract further collapse. They concluded that stars can’t form without doing something with this excess rotational energy (angular momentum). It must be dissipated to enable the cloud to collapse further. Disposing of this excess angular momentum is a problem that mainstream modelers always seem to just ignore … or hand wave away .... likely because they have no believable way to do it.
But Plasma Cosmologists Alfven and Arrhenius did. They theorized that because the inner part of the charged protostellar plasma cloud would spin faster than the outer part, an electric current would be generated, "flowing out along the solar magnetic field lines, through the cloud and back to the sun at its equator". The interaction of the currents and magnetic fields would cause the inner cloud to slow down, and the outer cloud to speed up, transferring angular momentum outward, and allowing further collapse. They theorized that force free plasma filaments (which all of us here know exist but which the mainstream ignore), called “superprominences”, could transfer the angular momentum from the sun to the plasma from which the planets formed.
And because the filaments pinch the plasmas together in the process, they would also speed up planet condensation. They noted that there would be what they termed “jet streams” forming from the matter in the system along the equatorial axis (in the disk) where atoms in the plasma state would coexist with neutral grains of matter. They said these jet streams would be of decisive importance as an intermediate stage in the accretion of planets and satellites from grains. Inside the jet streams, the grains would accrete to larger bodies and eventually to planets and satellites. And I should note that such behavior does appear to have been witnessed in observations of protostars such as AU Microscopii, as I’ve previously discussed on this forum.
Now here’s the latest scientific paper …
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.07244.pdf “Rapid formation of exoplanetesimals revealed by white dwarfs”.
Notice that the paper does not mention the word plasma.
Notice that the paper does not mention electromagnetism.
Notice that the paper does not mention angular momentum.
The mainstream seems to enjoy wallowing in their ignorance. But I don't want to be too hard on this particular paper. The authors' work does look like good science ... a fine piece of detective work. The problem is they just didn't look to see which model their study actually confirms. Just saying ...