The article goes on to suggest that what’s observed is proof of MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics), which is promoted by a group of Big Bang believing astrophysicists who dislike Newtonian gravity but still ignore the physics that plasma cosmology has built it’s house upon. The article says …Astrophysicists make observations consistent with the predictions of an alternative theory of gravity
by University of Bonn
An international team of astrophysicists has made a puzzling discovery while analyzing certain star clusters. The finding challenges Newton's laws of gravity, the researchers write in their publication. Instead, the observations are consistent with the predictions of an alternative theory of gravity. However, this is controversial among experts. The results have now been published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
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“In most cases, open star clusters survive only a few hundred million years before they dissolve," explains Prof. Dr. Pavel Kroupa of the Helmholtz Institute of Radiation and Nuclear Physics at the University of Bonn. In the process, they regularly lose stars, which accumulate in two so-called "tidal tails." One of these tails is pulled behind the cluster as it travels through space. The other, in contrast, takes the lead like a spearhead.
And ..."According to Newton's laws of gravity, it's a matter of chance in which of the tails a lost star ends up," explains Dr. Jan Pflamm-Altenburg of the Helmholtz Institute of Radiation and Nuclear Physics. "So both tails should contain about the same number of stars. However, in our work we were able to prove for the first time that this is not true: In the clusters we studied, the front tail always contains significantly more stars nearby to the cluster than the rear tail."
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The observational data, in contrast, fit much better with a theory that goes by the acronym MOND ("MOdified Newtonian Dynamics") among experts. "Put simply, according to MOND, stars can leave a cluster through two different doors," Kroupa explains. "One leads to the rear tidal tail, the other to the front. However, the first is much narrower than the second—so it's less likely that a star will leave the cluster through it. Newton's theory of gravity, on the other hand, predicts that both doors should be the same width."
the simulations also coincided with the observations in another respect: They predicted how long open star clusters should typically survive. And this time span is significantly shorter than would be expected according to Newton's laws. "This explains a mystery that has been known for a long time," Kroupa points out. "Namely, star clusters in nearby galaxies seem to be disappearing faster than they should."
Now what’s missing in this article? Mention of plasma and electromagnetism. Mention of the current carrying plasma filaments from which the open cluster and those stars in it likely formed? With that in mind, could there be another reason why the tails are mismatched and the open clusters don’t last very long?
Maybe this recent scientific paper might shed light on that …
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.06000.pdf
But I guess we’ll never know ... not as long as gnome loving astrophysicists hold the reins of funding and journals.3D Morphology of Open Clusters in the Solar Neighborhood with Gaia EDR 3 II: Hierarchical Star Formation Revealed by Spatial and Kinematic Substructures
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Among the 60 open clusters in our sample that are younger than 100 Myr, 41 host extended substructures outside their tidal radii. These uni-directional elongated substructures are often referred to as “filamentary” or “string”-like structures in literature. These types of structures are thought to be relics of the star formation process that took place along the filaments in their parent molecular clouds.
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The morphology of an open cluster evolves as it ages. It changes from inherent filamentary or fractal substructures to acquired halo or tidal tails.
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(1) Young stellar groups with low SFE (BAC - Star Formation Efficiency) (mostly along filaments in the molecular clouds) quickly dissolve and become unbound. (2) Filaments at high SFE, at the location of the hub or major filaments in the molecular cloud, have a chance to merge and form a dense cluster.
But if you’re wondering what these so-called open cluster tidal tails look like, see this (from https://phys.org/news/2021-05-tidal-tai ... r-ngc.html) … https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/20 ... cted-i.jpg
