What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Plasma and electricity in space. Failure of gravity-only cosmology. Exposing the myths of dark matter, dark energy, black holes, neutron stars, and other mathematical constructs. The electric model of stars. Predictions and confirmations of the electric comet.
Holger Isenberg
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Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by Holger Isenberg » Sat Jul 16, 2022 1:49 am

BeAChooser wrote: Wed Jul 13, 2022 5:26 am Stephan’s Quintet. This is one of the objects that Halton Arp used to question the accuracy of redshifts.
In this image from the CFHT taken with its MegaCam in filter u, g, r the tail of NGC 7320 is clearly visible, in green-yellow color:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0415-2

Filter wavelength of that camera from https://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/Science/mswg/filters.html:

u: 325 - 380 nm (ultraviolet)
g: 406 - 546 nm (blue and part of green)
r: 555 - 692 nm (red)

That means the tail is visible in 406 - 546 nm, which is outside of the IR bands and the shortest wavelength available on JWST is 600nm.

In https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio ... 7s_Quintet the tail is also marked as visible in near UV.

BeAChooser
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Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by BeAChooser » Thu Jul 21, 2022 8:03 pm

https://www.sciencealert.com/one-week-i ... c-surprise
The James Webb Space Telescope May Have

Just a week after its first images were shown to the world, the James Webb Space Telescope may have found a galaxy that existed 13.5 billion years ago, a scientist who analyzed the data said Wednesday.

Known as GLASS-z13, the galaxy dates back to 300 million years after the Big Bang, about 100 million years earlier than anything previously identified, Rohan Naidu of the Harvard Center for Astrophysics told AFP. 

… snip …

Though GLASS-z13 existed in the earliest era of the Universe, its exact age remains unknown as it could have formed any time within the first 300 million years.

… snip …

Already, however, the team have detected surprising properties.

For instance, the galaxy is the mass of a billion Suns, which is "potentially very surprising, and that is something we don't really understand" given how soon after the Big Bang it formed, Naidu said.
Oh oh …

jackokie
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Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by jackokie » Fri Jul 22, 2022 3:59 pm

@Holger, @BeAChooser Whatever comes from the JWT that supports the EU model, who besides us will be aware of it? Who will see the underpinnings of the standard model continue to erode? The main discussion of EU vs Big Bang seems to be happening on youtube, thanks to Gareth Samuel of "See the Pattern", Dr. Don Scott, and others. There seem to be more positive comments there than there used to be, but still just a proverbial drop in the proverbial bucket. Perhaps if we consistently added the EU explanation to the findings of the most egregious papers, as Shannon did with Plasma Pics, and forwarded them to the science advisors of our Congress persons, we might get NASA to include the instrumentation on space probes a good test of the EU model needs. We could tell them it's to debunk the EU model once and for all. :)

Who among us has the skill to analyze and perhaps process the raw images from the JWT? Some side-by-side comparisons to the official images would show the extent of NASA's tweaks of their images.
Time is what prevents everything from happening all at once.

Holger Isenberg
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Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by Holger Isenberg » Fri Jul 22, 2022 9:34 pm

jackokie wrote: Fri Jul 22, 2022 3:59 pm @Holger, @BeAChooser Whatever comes from the JWT that supports the EU model, who besides us will be aware of it? Who will see the underpinnings of the standard model continue to erode? The main discussion of EU vs Big Bang seems to be happening on youtube, thanks to Gareth Samuel of "See the Pattern", Dr. Don Scott, and others. There seem to be more positive comments there than there used to be, but still just a proverbial drop in the proverbial bucket. Perhaps if we consistently added the EU explanation to the findings of the most egregious papers, as Shannon did with Plasma Pics, and forwarded them to the science advisors of our Congress persons, we might get NASA to include the instrumentation on space probes a good test of the EU model needs. We could tell them it's to debunk the EU model once and for all. :)

Who among us has the skill to analyze and perhaps process the raw images from the JWT? Some side-by-side comparisons to the official images would show the extent of NASA's tweaks of their images.
I've one idea related to comets about what could be done with JWST and currently look into more details.

About politic I suggest to take care that the Roman Space Telescope is not build in the way it is planned as that will be limited to near IR only according to https://roman.gsfc.nasa.gov/instruments ... ities.html and would duplicate some of JWST's capabilities while not replacing the visual light and UV we have currently on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

There is another large UV and visual light space telescope considered which would be more a successor of HST, https://luvoirtelescope.org, and it was once in competition to Roman, but I don't know what the current status there is about the competition.

Holger Isenberg
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Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by Holger Isenberg » Fri Jul 22, 2022 9:52 pm

jackokie wrote: Fri Jul 22, 2022 3:59 pm to analyze and perhaps process the raw images from the JWT
To view the raw JWST data published as large FITS files on https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Cl ... ortal.html (enter JWST into the mission search field) and https://jwst.esac.esa.int/archive (same data, but visual search, but slower) you can use the following to load and display and further process the FITS files:

https://noirlab.edu/public/products/fitsliberator to load FITS on macOS, Window or Linux and export as TIF. Then https://gimp.org to load the TIF and process further. GIMP also has FITS loading capabilities included which may work. Or alternatively using Python: https://www.reddit.com/r/jameswebb/comm ... g_raw_jwst

Marioantonio
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Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by Marioantonio » Sat Jul 23, 2022 2:27 am

crawler wrote: Wed Jul 13, 2022 9:56 pm The universe is infinite & eternal.
Hence the JWT cant show us anything much new at larger & larger distances, it will be just more of the same.
But it will show us lots more (new) detail at near & mid distances.
Better JWT2 & 3 & 4 will likewise show more detail at near & mid distances.
The far far away is for the birds.

On the other hand, the far far away will show that the BB is baloney.
I think you should see this comment from another thread:
allynh wrote: Wed Jul 20, 2022 6:05 pm The fun thing about the Small Universe concept -- 300m light years across, a Poincare sphere -- is that it appears infinite from the inside. That no matter where you look you will see galaxies in the far distance.

Those galaxies we see are simply fossil images, and we need to find a way to identify the different images.

- Think of standing inside a mirrored cube, ten feet across. No matter where you look you see yourself extending out for miles.

With the Webb telescope we should "start" to see stigmata of that fossil light, and distortions caused by us being in a closed space.

We are only now putting technology in space that can begin to answer these questions.

A century ago they thought that space was randomly filled with stars, they had no concept of "galaxies". When Palomar started showing that "nebulas" were actually vast galaxies filled with stars, they went through a profound shock that is still unresolved.

crawler
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Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by crawler » Sat Jul 23, 2022 9:31 pm

Marioantonio wrote: Sat Jul 23, 2022 2:27 am
crawler wrote: Wed Jul 13, 2022 9:56 pm The universe is infinite & eternal.
Hence the JWT cant show us anything much new at larger & larger distances, it will be just more of the same.
But it will show us lots more (new) detail at near & mid distances.
Better JWT2 & 3 & 4 will likewise show more detail at near & mid distances.
The far far away is for the birds.

On the other hand, the far far away will show that the BB is baloney.
I think you should see this comment from another thread:
allynh wrote: Wed Jul 20, 2022 6:05 pm The fun thing about the Small Universe concept -- 300m light years across, a Poincare sphere -- is that it appears infinite from the inside. That no matter where you look you will see galaxies in the far distance.

Those galaxies we see are simply fossil images, and we need to find a way to identify the different images.

- Think of standing inside a mirrored cube, ten feet across. No matter where you look you see yourself extending out for miles.

With the Webb telescope we should "start" to see stigmata of that fossil light, and distortions caused by us being in a closed space.

We are only now putting technology in space that can begin to answer these questions.

A century ago they thought that space was randomly filled with stars, they had no concept of "galaxies". When Palomar started showing that "nebulas" were actually vast galaxies filled with stars, they went through a profound shock that is still unresolved.
The notion that there is a small volume surrounded by nothingness is silly. Impossible.
We know very little about anything. We are not much better than christians.
Hell, we dont even understand the Sun.
But, i doubt that there is any need to be alert for something that defies common sense.
We have 3 dimensions. Simple.
STR is krapp. GTR is mostly krapp.
There is no such thing as time. What we have is the present instant, & it is universal.

I like Conrad Ranzan's DSSU. Our infinite eternal universe is made up of cosmic cells each about 300 million LYs across.
And aether is created & annihilated in each cell.
And aether makes photons.
And photons make matter.
STR is krapp -- & GTR is mostly krapp.
The present Einsteinian Dark Age of science will soon end – for the times they are a-changin'.
The aether will return – it never left.

BeAChooser
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Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by BeAChooser » Sun Jul 24, 2022 12:34 am

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62259492
Nasa's James Webb telescope reveals millions of galaxies

There were 10 times more galaxies just like our own Milky Way in the early Universe than previously thought.
Oh oh …. isn't that just what the EU predicted?

Michael Mozina: "It will be interesting to see what ridiculous excuses they come up with to 'explain' all those "mature" distant galaxies they're going to find in the JWST deep field images. The whole concept of galaxy evolution over time has been shown to be false over and over again, yet they keep dreaming up ever more exotic 'excuses' to explain why their galaxy evolution model is a dismal failure."

Marioantonio
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Joined: Wed Jul 06, 2022 12:53 am

Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by Marioantonio » Sun Jul 24, 2022 2:51 am

crawler wrote: Sat Jul 23, 2022 9:31 pm
Marioantonio wrote: Sat Jul 23, 2022 2:27 am
crawler wrote: Wed Jul 13, 2022 9:56 pm The universe is infinite & eternal.
Hence the JWT cant show us anything much new at larger & larger distances, it will be just more of the same.
But it will show us lots more (new) detail at near & mid distances.
Better JWT2 & 3 & 4 will likewise show more detail at near & mid distances.
The far far away is for the birds.

On the other hand, the far far away will show that the BB is baloney.
I think you should see this comment from another thread:
allynh wrote: Wed Jul 20, 2022 6:05 pm The fun thing about the Small Universe concept -- 300m light years across, a Poincare sphere -- is that it appears infinite from the inside. That no matter where you look you will see galaxies in the far distance.

Those galaxies we see are simply fossil images, and we need to find a way to identify the different images.

- Think of standing inside a mirrored cube, ten feet across. No matter where you look you see yourself extending out for miles.

With the Webb telescope we should "start" to see stigmata of that fossil light, and distortions caused by us being in a closed space.

We are only now putting technology in space that can begin to answer these questions.

A century ago they thought that space was randomly filled with stars, they had no concept of "galaxies". When Palomar started showing that "nebulas" were actually vast galaxies filled with stars, they went through a profound shock that is still unresolved.
The notion that there is a small volume surrounded by nothingness is silly. Impossible.
We know very little about anything. We are not much better than christians.
Hell, we dont even understand the Sun.
But, i doubt that there is any need to be alert for something that defies common sense.
We have 3 dimensions. Simple.
STR is krapp. GTR is mostly krapp.
There is no such thing as time. What we have is the present instant, & it is universal.

I like Conrad Ranzan's DSSU. Our infinite eternal universe is made up of cosmic cells each about 300 million LYs across.
And aether is created & annihilated in each cell.
And aether makes photons.
And photons make matter.
Quote from allynh:

“I always thought of Asteroids from the Atari arcade game.

Asteroids (video game)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)

You can travel in a straight line and arrive back where you started.

Depending on how that closed space is set up, there should be visual patterns and distortions. We just have to look for those patterns, but since we do not know what the Milky Way looks like 300m years ago, we have to observe everything over the next 20 years that Webb is active.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology_sphere#Cosmology

allynh
Posts: 1115
Joined: Sat Aug 23, 2008 12:51 am

Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by allynh » Tue Oct 18, 2022 10:45 pm

Everyone was scrambling to be the first to publish, rather than wait for the system to be fully calibrated. At least that is the excuse.

The reality is, they got ahead of the "consensus" and were saying things that undo the various myths that they have been spinning the past forty years.

"Panic" indeed.

‘Bit of Panic’: Astronomers Forced to Rethink Early JWST Findings
Revised calibrations for the James Webb Space Telescope’s instruments are bedeviling researchers studying the distant universe
https://www.scientificamerican.com/arti ... -findings/

Alexandra Witze, Nature magazineOctober 11, 2022
'Bit of Panic': Astronomers Forced to Rethink Early JWST Findings
Distant galaxies fill the background of this engineering test image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope’s Fine Guidance Sensor instrument during the observatory’s commissioning in May 2022. Credit: NASA/ CSA and FGS team/Flickr (CC BY 2.0)
Astronomers have been so keen to use the new James Webb Space Telescope that some have got a little ahead of themselves. Many started analysing Webb data right after the first batch was released, on 14 July, and quickly posted their results on preprint servers—but are now having to revise them. The telescope’s detectors had not been calibrated thoroughly when the first data were made available, and that fact slipped past some astronomers in their excitement.

The revisions don’t so far appear to substantially change many of the exciting early results, such as the discovery of a number of candidates for the most distant galaxy ever spotted. But the ongoing calibration process is forcing astronomers to reckon with the limitations of early data from Webb.

Figuring out how to redo the work is “thorny and annoying”, says Marco Castellano, an astronomer at the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics in Rome. “There’s been a lot of frustration,” says Garth Illingworth, an astronomer at the University of California, Santa Cruz. “I don’t think anybody really expected this to be as big of an issue as it’s becoming,” adds Guido Roberts-Borsani, an astronomer at the University of California, Los Angeles.

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Calibration is particularly challenging for projects that require precise measurements of the brightness of astronomical objects, such as faint, faraway galaxies. For several weeks, some astronomers have been cobbling together workarounds so that they can continue their analyses. The next official round of updates to Webb’s calibrations are expected in the coming weeks from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland, which operates the telescope. Those updates should shrink the error bars on the telescope’s calibrations from the tens of percentage points that have been bedevilling astronomers in some areas, down to just a few percentage points. And data accuracy will continue to improve as calibration efforts proceed over the coming months.

This is the first publicly released scientific image from the Webb telescope, showing a deep-field look at the sky that includes many distant galaxies.
This is the first publicly released scientific image from the Webb telescope, showing a deep-field look at the sky that includes many distant galaxies. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA and STScI
The STScI made it clear that the initial calibrations to the telescope were rough, says Jane Rigby, operations project scientist for Webb at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Much of the issue stems from the fact that Webb, which launched in December 2021, is a new telescope whose details are still being worked out. “It’s been a long time since the community has had a brand-new telescope in space—a big one with these amazingly transformative powers,” Rigby says.

“We knew it wasn’t going to be perfect right out of the box,” says Martha Boyer, an astronomer at the STScI who is helping to lead the calibration efforts.

Calibration controversy

All telescopes need to be calibrated. This is usually done by observing a well-understood star such as Vega, a prominent star in the night sky. Astronomers look at the data being collected by the telescope’s various instruments—such as the brightness of the star in different wavelengths of light—and compare them with measurements of the same star from other telescopes and of laboratory standards.

Working with Webb data involves several types of calibration, but the current controversy is around one of the telescope’s main instruments, its Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam). In the six months after Webb launched, STScI researchers worked to calibrate NIRCam. But given the demands on Webb, they had only enough time to point it at one or two calibration stars, and to take data using just one of NIRCam’s ten detectors. They then estimated the calibrations for the other nine detectors. “That’s where there was a problem,” Boyer says. “Each detector will be a little bit different.”

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Within days of the first Webb data release, non-peer-reviewed papers began appearing on the arXiv preprint server, reporting multiple candidates for the most distant galaxy ever recorded. These studies relied on the brightness of distant objects, measured with Webb at various wavelengths. Then, on 29 July, the STScI released an updated set of calibrations that were substantially different from what astronomers had been working with.

“This caused a little bit of panic,” says Nathan Adams, an astronomer at the University of Manchester, UK, who, along with his colleagues, pointed out the problem in a 9 August update to a preprint they had posted in late July. “For those including myself who had written a paper within the first two weeks, it was a bit of—‘Oh no, is everything that we’ve done wrong, does it all need to go in the bin?’”

A young observatory

To try to standardize all the measurements, the STScI is working through a detailed plan to point Webb at several types of well-understood star, and observe them with every detector in every mode for every instrument on the telescope. “It just takes a while,” says Karl Gordon, an astronomer at the STScI who helps lead the effort.

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In the meantime, astronomers have been reworking manuscripts that describe distant galaxies on the basis of Webb data. “Everyone’s gone back over and had a second look, and it’s not as bad as we thought,” Adams says. Many of the most exciting distant-galaxy candidates still seem to be at or near the distance originally estimated. But other preliminary studies, such as those that draw conclusions about the early Universe by comparing large numbers of faint galaxies, might not stand the test of time. Other fields of research, such as planetary studies, are not affected as much because they depend less on these preliminary brightness measurements.

“We’ve come to realize how much this data processing is an ongoing and developing situation, just because the observatory is so new and so young,” says Gabriel Brammer, an astronomer at the University of Copenhagen who has been developing Webb calibrations independent of the STScI.

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In the long run, astronomers are sure to sort out the calibration and become more confident in their conclusions. But for now, Boyer says, “I would tell people to proceed with caution—whatever results they might be getting today might not be quite right in six months, when we have more information. It’s just sort of, ‘Proceed at your own risk.’”

This article is reproduced with permission and was first published on September 28 2022.

Aardwolf
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Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by Aardwolf » Wed Oct 19, 2022 10:33 am

They're desperate to "calibrate" those large distant galaxies out of existence. No doubt the dead corpse of BBT theory will be dragged around for a while yet but reading between the lines, it looks clear many know the game is up. Interesting times.

allynh
Posts: 1115
Joined: Sat Aug 23, 2008 12:51 am

Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by allynh » Fri Oct 21, 2022 1:10 am

This area has always troubled me. How much would we actually see if we were in a spaceship, up close, without all of the fancy equipment. They have the Hubble view that they built over two samples from 1995 to 2014, and now the Webb version.

Notice, that they keep mentioning that there are no "galaxies" visible in the image. I suspect that is because to see the distant "galaxies" they would have to overexpose the Pillars of Creation at 6,500 light years.

NASA’s Webb Takes Star-Filled Portrait of Pillars of Creation
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/20 ... f-creation

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/file ... 5bc4qh.png

Layers of semi-opaque red colored gas and dust, bottom left, with three prominent pillars rise toward the top right. The left pillar is the largest and widest, the second and third pillars are set off in darker shades of brown and have red outlines.

The Pillars of Creation are set off in a kaleidoscope of color in NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s near-infrared-light view. The pillars look like arches and spires rising out of a desert landscape, but are filled with semi-transparent gas and dust, and ever changing. This is a region where young stars are forming – or have barely burst from their dusty cocoons as they continue to form.
Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI).

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured a lush, highly detailed landscape – the iconic Pillars of Creation – where new stars are forming within dense clouds of gas and dust. The three-dimensional pillars look like majestic rock formations, but are far more permeable. These columns are made up of cool interstellar gas and dust that appear – at times – semi-transparent in near-infrared light.

Webb’s new view of the Pillars of Creation, which were first made famous when imaged by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope in 1995, will help researchers revamp their models of star formation by identifying far more precise counts of newly formed stars, along with the quantities of gas and dust in the region. Over time, they will begin to build a clearer understanding of how stars form and burst out of these dusty clouds over millions of years.

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/file ... 6kr0vw.png

Comparison of Pillars of Creation. Hubble’s visible-light view, left, shows darker pillars rising from the bottom to the top, ending in three points. Webb’s near-infrared image, right, shows the pillars, but they are semi-opaque and rusty red-colored.

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope made the Pillars of Creation famous with its first image in 1995, but revisited the scene in 2014 to reveal a sharper, wider view in visible light, shown above at left. A new, near-infrared-light view from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, at right, helps us peer through more of the dust in this star-forming region. The thick, dusty brown pillars are no longer as opaque and many more red stars that are still forming come into view.
Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI).

Newly formed stars are the scene-stealers in this image from Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). These are the bright red orbs that typically have diffraction spikes and lie outside one of the dusty pillars. When knots with sufficient mass form within the pillars of gas and dust, they begin to collapse under their own gravity, slowly heat up, and eventually form new stars.

What about those wavy lines that look like lava at the edges of some pillars? These are ejections from stars that are still forming within the gas and dust. Young stars periodically shoot out supersonic jets that collide with clouds of material, like these thick pillars. This sometimes also results in bow shocks, which can form wavy patterns like a boat does as it moves through water. The crimson glow comes from the energetic hydrogen molecules that result from jets and shocks. This is evident in the second and third pillars from the top – the NIRCam image is practically pulsing with their activity. These young stars are estimated to be only a few hundred thousand years old.

Although it may appear that near-infrared light has allowed Webb to “pierce through” the clouds to reveal great cosmic distances beyond the pillars, there are no galaxies in this view. Instead, a mix of translucent gas and dust known as the interstellar medium in the densest part of our Milky Way galaxy’s disk blocks our view of the deeper universe.

This scene was first imaged by Hubble in 1995 and revisited in 2014, but many other observatories have also stared deeply at this region. Each advanced instrument offers researchers new details about this region, which is practically overflowing with stars.

This tightly cropped image is set within the vast Eagle Nebula, which lies 6,500 light-years away.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1__KBHIo_xs

Take a video tour of Webb’s near-infrared light view of the Pillars of Creation. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI); Danielle Kirshenblat (STScI).

Download the full-resolution, uncompressed version and supporting visuals of Webb’s near-infrared image, the comparison of Hubble and Webb’s images, and the video tour of Webb’s image from the Space Telescope Science Institute.

The James Webb Space Telescope is the world's premier space science observatory. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency).

allynh
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Joined: Sat Aug 23, 2008 12:51 am

Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by allynh » Mon Nov 14, 2022 11:19 pm

This is another example of what could be done with the Webb telescope that will show that they are not seeing something special.

Once they actually see through the "zone of avoidance" things may not look the way they thought. They may have found this "structure" simply because seeing in infrared is the only way to see the region "zone of avoidance".

Webb may show that the same density of galaxies are everywhere,

Scientists discover massive 'extragalactic structure' behind the Milky Way
https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/7gjko ... 970-80.jpg
A composite image showing the 58 galaxies clustered together in the "zone of avoidance" behind the Milky Way. (Image credit: Galdeano et al. / ESO)
Astronomers have detected an enormous extragalactic structure hiding in an uncharted region of space far beyond the Milky Way's center.

This phantom region, known as the zone of avoidance, is a blank spot on our map of the universe, comprising somewhere between 10% and 20% of the night sky. The reason we can't see it — at least with standard visible light telescopes — is because the Milky Way's bulging center blocks our view of it; the center of our galaxy is so dense with stars, dust and other matter that light from the zone of avoidance gets scattered or absorbed before reaching Earth's telescopes.

However, researchers have had better luck uncovering the zone's secrets with telescopes that can detect infrared radiation — a type of energy that's invisible to human eyes, but powerful enough to shine through dense clouds of gas and dust. Infrared surveys of the zone of avoidance have found evidence of thousands of individual galaxies shining through the cosmic fog, though little is known about the large-scale structures that lurk there.

Now, researchers have combined data from several of those infrared surveys to reveal the most colossal structure ever detected in the zone of avoidance, according to a study published Oct. 28 on the preprint database arXiv.org. (This study has not yet been peer reviewed, though it has been submitted for review to the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics).

Located approximately 3 billion light-years from Earth, the mysterious structure appears to be a large cluster of galaxies drawn together by a shared center of gravity. Using observations from the VVV Survey — a survey that studies the Milky Way's central bulge at infrared wavelengths using the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy in Chile — the study authors found evidence of at least 58 galaxies bundled together in a small plot of the zone of avoidance.

Galaxy clusters are the largest gravitationally-bound objects in the universe; the largest known clusters contain hundreds of thousands of galaxies bunched together. Unfortunately, it's impossible to tell just how wide or massive the newly discovered cluster is, given the vast distances and myriad obstructions sitting between the cluster's stars and Earth.

However, the mere detection of this colossal object shows that the zone of avoidance may not be as inscrutable as was once thought. Future infrared studies — including potential observations by the James Webb Space Telescope, which has already used its infrared camera to take the deepest image of the universe to date — should further help scientists unlock the hidden secrets beyond the Milky Way's bulge.
Unveiling a new extragalactic structure hidden by the Milky Way
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2210.16332.pdf

allynh
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Joined: Sat Aug 23, 2008 12:51 am

Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by allynh » Sun Nov 20, 2022 12:04 am

They are pushing to start building the next space telescope while they still have the people and knowledge from Webb.

JWST's successor: The Carl Sagan Observatory - a 12 METRE optical telescope searching for exo-Earth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIgQpXObjFI

The Carl Sagan Observatory: A Visionary Space Telescope
https://baas.aas.org/pub/2020n7i192/release/1

BeAChooser
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Re: What could be done with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)?

Unread post by BeAChooser » Sun Nov 20, 2022 5:41 am

allynh wrote: Sun Nov 20, 2022 12:04 am They are pushing to start building the next space telescope while they still have the people and knowledge from Webb.
Well, of course. Gotta keep the Dark Matter believers employed.

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