The Milky Way's Black Hole Imaged ...

[BeAChooser]

The news right now is filled with articles about the Milky Way’s central black hole being *imaged*.

Here’s one …

https://www.digitaltrends.com/news/black-holes-scale/

Black holes all look like donuts, regardless of their size

… snip …

The black hole, called Sagittarius A*, is a type called a supermassive black hole, which is found at the center of almost all galaxies. Ours is on the smaller end for such giants: At 4.3 million times the mass of the sun, it’s much smaller than other monsters like the one is Messier 87 which was imaged in 2019 and which is 6.5 billion times the mass of the sun.

… snip …

However, images of these two black holes look notably similar, both showing a distinctive donut shape. And that agrees precisely with physicists’ predictions, which said that black holes would appear the same no matter what size they are.

But could this might have something to do with the methodology itself?

As was pointed out years ago, these are not “images” snapped with a camera. It takes months and months of processing to *create* one and that processing is based on the assumption that it’s a black hole and that we sort of know what a black hole looks like. In other words, they pre-program the algorithms they are using to get donuts looking “images”. They even admit that in their article on the methodology. For example …

https://www.csail.mit.edu/news/method-image-black-holes

A method to image black holes

Researchers from MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Harvard University have developed a new algorithm that could help astronomers produce the first image of a black hole.

… snip …

Even with atmospheric noise filtered out, the measurements from just a handful of telescopes scattered around the globe are pretty sparse; any number of possible images could fit the data equally well. So the next step is to assemble an image that both fits the data and meets certain expectations about what images look like.

Even better, here’s a paper by Katherine L. Bouman (et. al.) essentially saying this …

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.01413.pdf

As the paper states …

Reconstructing an image using bispectrum measurements is an ill-posed problem, and as such there are an infinite number of possible images that explain the data. The challenge is to find an explanation that respects our prior assumptions about the “visual” universe while still satisfying the observed data.

… and …

We generate data using a collection of black hole, celestial, and natural images.

… and …

Flexibility of the patch prior framework allows us to easily incorporate a variety of different “visual” assumptions in our reconstructed image. For instance, in the case of the EHT, simulations of a black hole for different inclinations and spins can be used to train a patch model that can be subsequently used for reconstruction.

Here’s another article discussing this …

https://educationalblogspotforyou.wordp ... hole-html/

Algorithms developed to take the picture of the black hole.

Since there are number of infinite images that perfectly explain our telescope measurements, we have to chose between them in some way. We do this by ranking the images based upon how likely they are to be the black hole image,and then choosing the one that’s most likely.

But when it comes to the images from black hole, we’re posed with a real conundrum; we’ve not seen any black hole images before.

In that case what is likely a black hole image, and what should we assume about the structure of black hole?

If all images produce a very similar – looking image, then we can start to become more confident.

One way we can try to impose different image features is by using pieces of existing images. So, we take a large collection of images, and we break them down into their little patches. We then can treat each image like a puzzle pieces. And we used the commonly seen puzzle pieces to piece together in an image that also fits our telescopic measurements. Different types of pieces has distinctive set of puzzle pieces.

So, if they don’t put into the mix images that presuppose … say … a plasmoid (which I bet they didn’t), they might not ever get an *image* out of their methodology that matches a plasmoid. Or a plasmoid might look much the same as a black hole … in which case, they are again fooled into calling it a picture of a black hole only because they assumed it was a black hole.

Just saying …

[crawler]

I subscribe to the Sky Scholar youtube. Pierre Marie Robitaille is my hero. So is Stephen Crothers.
Here are some of their youtubes (1) debunking the EHT claim that their Earthly array increases the resolution of a single dish by a factor of 1250, & (2) debunking Einsteinian singularity blackholes.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yc9PB_4F-OU&t=5s
Sky Scholar 38K subscribers Comments 814
The Black Hole Image - Data Fabrication Masterclass! 25,405 views Jan 7, 2020 The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iz8RRN8rY00&t=1s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZbDLd42Uws&t=74s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtMee3rrHDY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2z5W6U6woaQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udqNWpbL9dA&t=786s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-xCMZLUc2A&t=157s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZ2F2Kw5-nQ

[BeAChooser]

Thanks, crawler. The first two videos are interesting with respect to the topic.

I'll be curious to see what Robitaille puts out now that we’ve *seen* our own galaxies black hole.

While we wait, here’s two more EXCELLENT videos that question the so-called black hole image.

They also go into greater detail as to the plasma cosmology … plasmoid … alternative.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4NffTr_GMk&t=8s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dk2-lH9ewuA

In the first video, I note the discussion of experiments done by Winton Bostik on plasmoids. Bostik described them as toroidal or donut shaped structures. And I particularly like how the 2nd video points out that until very recently the mainstream was claiming that magnetic fields on the cosmological scale did not exist. They quote NASA in 1999 stating that “On the cosmological scale, there is no data to suggest that magnetic field are present. They certainly are not important in the dynamics of the universe for any reasonable range of field strengths consistent with present obervationsal constraints.” What a change a few decades has brought. Now the mainstream's own observations prove cosmological magnetic fields are ubiquitous and that their strength is very significant. But they are still mostly ignored by the mainstream. Apparently, stupid cannot be cured. Further, they continue to insist that these magnetic fields exist without electric current. Stupid cannot be cured.

[Harry]

Plasmoid Dipolar Electromagnetic cores create vortices that expel matter.

These jets may create the arms of spiral galaxies and its variants and elliptical galaxies such as M87.

The vector forces are outwards, the inward vector fields away from the jets attract matter that photo disintegrates causing the accretion surround, by the time this matter breaks down to its basic plasma and becomes part of the core.

The core may consist of various plasma from Axion gluon to Partonic to quarks to Neutron matter.
The electric dynamics is the driving force.

[nick c]

The "distinctive donut shape" is an image of the plasmoid or plasma torus (donut shaped ring) at the center of the Milky Way.
http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2006/ ... asmoid.htm

Recent infrared and x-ray views of our galaxy’s core have revealed a plasma torus (doughnut-shaped ring), or plasmoid, less than two light-years across. Because dust blocks visible light, viewing the core has not been possible until the advent of telescopes that can “see” infrared and x-ray light, which can penetrate dust. The x-ray radiation from the plasmoid is typical of that given off by highly excited stars, indicating extremely strong electrical stress. The strong electrical field in the plasmoid acts as a particle accelerator. Electrons accelerated to high speeds will spiral in a magnetic field and give off x-rays. They also give off x-rays when they pass near a heavier ion.

[JP Michael]

Excellent links, crawler. I was wondering about this when I saw the image come up on one of my science feeds. "Plasmoid torus" was in my mind then and I'm glad that hunch wasn't disappointed.

[Harry]

The plasmoid core is a condensate.
It’s actual shape maybe impossible to observe.
The donut shape maybe the mater surrounding the core.

[BeAChooser]

It’s actual shape maybe impossible to observe.

Sort of like a black hole?

[Harry]

Classical Black Hole with a singularity and that nothing can escape cannot exist.
Why?
Because Trensients of condensates have a property that prevent a singularity from forming?
That property is electro magnetic plasma and defined by Boss-Einstein condensate by having a property of Chiral Super Symmetry developing dipolar electromagnetic vector fields that pull in matter into the core condensate and vector fields that create dipolar jets from the core that expel matter.
Transients condensates can mimic vector forces that we can call Black Holes without a singularity.

[spark]

Hopefully we get Wal Thornhill's video on Milky Way's Black Hole Image soon.

[BeAChooser]

https://www.newscientist.com/article/23 ... -accurate/

Astronomers question if the first picture of a black hole is accurate

The Event Horizon Telescope’s first image of a black hole showed a distinctive ring feature, but a reanalysis of their data has raised concerns over whether that ring of light is real

No further details yet since I didn’t want to subscribe. But my interest is piqued.

[BeAChooser]

https://www.inverse.com/science/sagitar ... cience-eht

A FEW SURPRISES — Not all the findings from Sgr A* were exactly as scientists predicted, however. The first surprise was the ring’s “relatively even distribution of brightness” which suggests that it may be oriented face-on with its axis of rotation pointed toward Earth. The black hole is also “curiously” misaligned with the midplane of the galaxy, Blackburn says.

Does anyone else find it a rather large coincidence that the rotation axis of our galaxy’s *black hole* should be pointed at us? What are the odds? And why would it be so misaligned with the mid plane of the galaxy. Could the methodology in creating the image be the causing them to believe this?

Also …

Another unexpected discovery uncovered through imaging Sgr A* was that the level of variability in some of its measurements were less than predicted by computer simulations.

This means “there is something we don’t quite understand about the plasma behavior in the accretion flow,” Blackburn says.

... there’s “something” they don’t *quite* understand about plasma behavior. LOL!

[crawler]

https://www.newscientist.com/article/23 ... -accurate/

Astronomers question if the first picture of a black hole is accurate

The Event Horizon Telescope’s first image of a black hole showed a distinctive ring feature, but a reanalysis of their data has raised concerns over whether that ring of light is real

No further details yet since I didn’t want to subscribe. But my interest is piqued.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.04623.pdf
The jet and resolved features of the central supermassive black hole of M 87 observed with EHT
Makoto Miyoshi, 1 Yoshiaki Kato2 And Junichiro Makino3
6. CONCLUSION Using the public data released by the EHTC, we obtained images of the central region of M 87 using the improved calibration obtained using the standard hybrid mapping method. As a result, we found the following. 1. The core of M 87 is resolved into a core-knot structure, instead of a ring. Three features C, K and W are seen. While feature C is definitely a core and feature K is a knot, feature W is not so easy to explain. Feature W may be a lensing image due to the strong gravity of SMBH. Another possibility is that there are two SMBH system and that feature W is another SMBH in the core of M 87. Assuming that W is another knot, the three features could be initial jet structures with an opening angle of ∼ 70◦ at a distance of about 10 Rs from the core. 2. The 230 GHz image has a jet structure consistent with the previous lower-frequency observations. It has brightened edges from the core to at a few mas points. The intensity is decreased along the jet axis much rapidly as compared with lower observations. 3. The ∼ 40 µas ring that the EHTC reported is an artifact due to the effect of data sampling bias and the very narrow FOV setting that enhances the bias effect. The u-v coverage of the EHT for M 87 observations lacks the ∼ 40 µas spatial Fourier components that produce artifact structures of ∼ 40 µas size.

[BeAChooser]

As a result, we found the following. 1. The core of M 87 is resolved into a core-knot structure, instead of a ring.

WOW! Thanks for finding the paper. I read the paper and yes, it appears the Japanese researchers found no ring in the M87 EHTC data. They found a core knot instead and concluded that the EHTC ring is an artifact of the much ballyhooed imaging methodology of the mainstream astrophysicists. HUGE Oooops! And note that a core knot would be more consistent with a plasmoid. Furthermore, the mainstream's image analysis did not find a jet structure even though M87 has a jet. But the Japanese researchers' methodology imaged a jet ... right where there was supposed to be one. Finally, the Japanese researchers go on to show that the ring artifact is due to the effect of data sampling bias and the very narrow field of view setting of the mainstream's methodology. HUGE Oooops! Sure hope these Japanese researchers take a good look at the latest Milky Way image claims!

[nick c]

It is important to remember that M-87 is a giant elliptical galaxy. That is a very different structure or form than that of the Milky Way, which is a spiral galaxy.

Thus, we can see why galaxies are not simply collections of stars. They are constituted mainly of plasma - and their shape and observed dynamic behavior are the result of natural electric forces acting on that plasma.

From: The Electric Sky by Donald E. Scott, p.194

While, both are theorized to have a black hole at the core, nevertheless, in the Electric Universe, there must be very different electrical conditions at work, in order to produce an elliptical structure versus a spiral.