Would you like fries with that and what size?
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Would you like fries with that and what size?
Everyone may have read some articles of this sort by now all of them.
Physicists Have Finally Seen Traces of a Long-Sought Particle. Here's Why That's a Big Deal.
"Live Science"
It was predicted four decades ago.
Scientists have finally found traces of the axion, an elusive particle that rarely interacts with normal matter. The axion was first predicted over 40 years ago but has never been seen until now.
Scientists have suggested that dark matter, the invisible matter that permeates our universe, may be made of axions. But rather than finding a dark matter axion deep in outer space, researchers have discovered mathematical signatures of an axion in an exotic material here on Earth.
The newly discovered axion isn't quite a particle as we normally think of it: It acts as a wave of electrons in a supercooled material known as a semimetal. But the discovery could be the first step in addressing one of the major unsolved problems in particle physics.
The axion is a candidate for dark matter, since, just like dark matter, it can't really interact with regular matter. This aloofness also makes the axion, if it exists, extremely difficult to detect. This strange particle could also help solve a long-standing conundrum in physics known as "the strong CP problem." For some reason, the laws of physics seem to act the same on particles and their antimatter partners, even when their spatial coordinates are inverted.This phenomenon is known as charge-parity symmetry, but existing physics theory says there's no reason this symmetry has to exist. The unexpected symmetry can be explained by the existence of a special field; detecting an axion would prove that this field exists, solving this mystery.
Because scientists believe that the ghostly, neutral particle barely interacts with ordinary matter, they have assumed that it would be hard to detect using existing space telescopes. So the researchers decided to try something more down to Earth, using a strange material known as condensed matter.
Condensed-matter experiments like the one the researchers conducted have been used to "find" elusive predicted particles in several well-known cases, including that of the majorana fermion. The particles are not detected in the usual sense, but are instead found as collective vibrations in materials that behave and respond exactly as the particle would.
"The problem with looking at outer space is that you cannot control your experimental environment very well," said study co-author Johannes Gooth, a physicist at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids in Germany. "You wait for an event to happen and try to detect it. I think one of the beautiful things of getting these concepts of high-energy physics into condensed matter is that you can actually do much more."
The research team worked with a Weyl semimetal, a special and strange material in which electrons behave as if they have no mass, don't interact with each other and are split into two types: right-handed and left-handed. The property of being either right- or left-handed is called chirality; chirality in Weyl semimetals is conserved, meaning there are equal numbers of right- and left-handed electrons. Cooling the semimetal to 12 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 11 degrees Celsius) allowed the electrons to interact and to condense themselves into a crystal of their own.
Waves of vibrations traveling through crystals are called phonons. Since the strange laws of quantum mechanics dictate that particles can also behave as waves, there are certain phonons that have the same properties as common quantum particles, such as electrons and photons. Gooth and his colleagues observed phonons in the electron crystal that responded to electric and magnetic fields exactly like axions are predicted to. These quasiparticles also did not have equal numbers of right- and left-handed particles. (Physicists also predicted that axions would break conservation of chirality.)
"It's encouraging that these equations [describing the axion] are so natural and compelling that they are realized in nature in at least one circumstance," said MIT theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek, who originally named the axion in 1977. "If we know that there are some materials that host axions, well, maybe the material we call space also houses axions." Wilczek, who was not involved in the current study, also suggested that a material like Weyl semimetal could one day be used as a kind of "antenna" for detecting fundamental axions, or axions that exist in their own right as particles in the universe, rather than as collective vibrations.
While the search for the axion as an independent, lone particle will continue, experiments like this help more traditional detection experiments by providing limits on and estimates of the particle's properties, such as mass. This gives other experimentalists a better idea of where to look for these particles. It also robustly demonstrates that the particle's existence is possible.
"A theory first is a mathematical concept," said Gooth. "And the beauty of these condensed-matter physics experiments is that we can show that this kind of mathematics exists in nature at all."
Was a mathematical signature of an axion and not a dark matter axion found in space.
Related: The 18 Biggest Unsolved Mysteries in Physics
The 11 Biggest Unanswered Questions About Dark Matter.
5 Elusive Particles Beyond the Higgs | Quantum Physics
18 Times Quantum Particles Blew Our Minds
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Physicists Have Finally Seen Traces of a Long-Sought Particle. Here's Why That's a Big Deal.
"Live Science"
It was predicted four decades ago.
Scientists have finally found traces of the axion, an elusive particle that rarely interacts with normal matter. The axion was first predicted over 40 years ago but has never been seen until now.
Scientists have suggested that dark matter, the invisible matter that permeates our universe, may be made of axions. But rather than finding a dark matter axion deep in outer space, researchers have discovered mathematical signatures of an axion in an exotic material here on Earth.
The newly discovered axion isn't quite a particle as we normally think of it: It acts as a wave of electrons in a supercooled material known as a semimetal. But the discovery could be the first step in addressing one of the major unsolved problems in particle physics.
The axion is a candidate for dark matter, since, just like dark matter, it can't really interact with regular matter. This aloofness also makes the axion, if it exists, extremely difficult to detect. This strange particle could also help solve a long-standing conundrum in physics known as "the strong CP problem." For some reason, the laws of physics seem to act the same on particles and their antimatter partners, even when their spatial coordinates are inverted.This phenomenon is known as charge-parity symmetry, but existing physics theory says there's no reason this symmetry has to exist. The unexpected symmetry can be explained by the existence of a special field; detecting an axion would prove that this field exists, solving this mystery.
Because scientists believe that the ghostly, neutral particle barely interacts with ordinary matter, they have assumed that it would be hard to detect using existing space telescopes. So the researchers decided to try something more down to Earth, using a strange material known as condensed matter.
Condensed-matter experiments like the one the researchers conducted have been used to "find" elusive predicted particles in several well-known cases, including that of the majorana fermion. The particles are not detected in the usual sense, but are instead found as collective vibrations in materials that behave and respond exactly as the particle would.
"The problem with looking at outer space is that you cannot control your experimental environment very well," said study co-author Johannes Gooth, a physicist at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids in Germany. "You wait for an event to happen and try to detect it. I think one of the beautiful things of getting these concepts of high-energy physics into condensed matter is that you can actually do much more."
The research team worked with a Weyl semimetal, a special and strange material in which electrons behave as if they have no mass, don't interact with each other and are split into two types: right-handed and left-handed. The property of being either right- or left-handed is called chirality; chirality in Weyl semimetals is conserved, meaning there are equal numbers of right- and left-handed electrons. Cooling the semimetal to 12 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 11 degrees Celsius) allowed the electrons to interact and to condense themselves into a crystal of their own.
Waves of vibrations traveling through crystals are called phonons. Since the strange laws of quantum mechanics dictate that particles can also behave as waves, there are certain phonons that have the same properties as common quantum particles, such as electrons and photons. Gooth and his colleagues observed phonons in the electron crystal that responded to electric and magnetic fields exactly like axions are predicted to. These quasiparticles also did not have equal numbers of right- and left-handed particles. (Physicists also predicted that axions would break conservation of chirality.)
"It's encouraging that these equations [describing the axion] are so natural and compelling that they are realized in nature in at least one circumstance," said MIT theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek, who originally named the axion in 1977. "If we know that there are some materials that host axions, well, maybe the material we call space also houses axions." Wilczek, who was not involved in the current study, also suggested that a material like Weyl semimetal could one day be used as a kind of "antenna" for detecting fundamental axions, or axions that exist in their own right as particles in the universe, rather than as collective vibrations.
While the search for the axion as an independent, lone particle will continue, experiments like this help more traditional detection experiments by providing limits on and estimates of the particle's properties, such as mass. This gives other experimentalists a better idea of where to look for these particles. It also robustly demonstrates that the particle's existence is possible.
"A theory first is a mathematical concept," said Gooth. "And the beauty of these condensed-matter physics experiments is that we can show that this kind of mathematics exists in nature at all."
Was a mathematical signature of an axion and not a dark matter axion found in space.
Related: The 18 Biggest Unsolved Mysteries in Physics
The 11 Biggest Unanswered Questions About Dark Matter.
5 Elusive Particles Beyond the Higgs | Quantum Physics
18 Times Quantum Particles Blew Our Minds
Piece of Wright brothers' 1st plane now on Mars
Lab-grown mini ‘brains’ of humans and apes reveal why one got so much bigger
Sprawling 5,000-year-old cemetery and fortress discovered in Poland
Hidden boundaries of lost continent 'Zealandia' revealed in incredible detail
DARPA takes step toward 'holy grail of encryption'
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Re: Would you like fries with that and what size?
Aether.
STR is krapp -- & GTR is mostly krapp.
The present Einsteinian Dark Age of science will soon end – for the times they are a-changin'.
The aether will return – it never left.
The present Einsteinian Dark Age of science will soon end – for the times they are a-changin'.
The aether will return – it never left.
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Re: Would you like fries with that and what size?
Dark Matter = Axiom
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Re: Would you like fries with that and what size?
Indeed. An axiom of the dogma. It's a little disheartening to see how much effort the mainstream puts into keeping the dogma alive, at all costs, particularly at the cost of actual empirical physics.
They still can't generate something as simple as a solar corona in a real lab experiment, or a sustained aurora. It's all myth making with math.
- nick c
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Re: Would you like fries with that and what size?
Simply put, mainstream is confronted with observations which falsifies the 'gravity only' paradigm.
They cannot accept that, so they contrive an ad hoc explanation for which they have no support and they call it dark matter.
They cannot accept that, so they contrive an ad hoc explanation for which they have no support and they call it dark matter.
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Re: Would you like fries with that and what size?
What I find fascinating is the virtual immune response so many have when encountering ideas outside the mainstream. Here is an example from the recent phys.org thread "Astronomers image magnetic fields at the edge of M87's black hole":
Down-thread TorbjornLarsson postedcantdrive85
So this strongly magnetized torus that looks precisely like a torodial plasmoid is an infinite gravity monster? Oh, lest we forget that plasmoids are known to create jets as well. But let's keep pretending it's a gravity monster.
Darth Ender
black holes don't have infinite gravity. they potentially have a center with infinite density. gravity != density. they never have more gravity than the mass they have consumed or were left with.
but please, keep trying to be condescending while being completely wrong and pushing pseudo science crap. you'll have at least a couple fans who keep trolling here.
These posts were three days old when I posted:In this case there is no plasmoids*, and the plasma torus do not seem to create the jet.
<snip>
*Also, plasmoids looks helical (Earth) or rope like [Saturn] [ https://agupubs.o...JA016682 ]. Not toroidal.
The point of my post is this: In WWII George Orwell wrote "Pacifism is objectively pro-Fascist. This is elementary common sense. If you hamper the war effort of one side you automatically help that of the other. Nor is there any real way of remaining outside such a war as the present one. In practice, ‘he that is not with me is against me’." Today, despite all the genuflection to "science!", there is a war on true science, visible mostly in astrophysics and climatology, but afoot elsewhere as well. And there is virtually no pushback. We can hang out here on this site and offer accurate and well-reasoned refutations to the folly we see every day, but the people who need to read those refutations are not here, nor are they likely to come here. We need to be out there, politely advocating for science and the scientific method. The issues with current consensus astrophysics are separate from the strengths of Electric Universe / Plasma Cosmology theory, and they need to be addressed. Of course our efforts won't bear fruit any time soon, but like steps worn away by footsteps over time, they can can make a difference. This needs to be done. We revere Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and others because they stepped up, and in Kepler's case persisted for many years. How strong is our commitment to science? As has been said in other circumstances, "If not us, who? If not now, when?"I might remind some on this thread that snark is not refutation, and plasma physics is not pseudo science but has been explored in the lab for well over a century. I would also remind all of us that black holes, the LIGO results, the SON neutrino findings, etc. are all interpretations of the raw physical data. If one applies Richard Feynman's criteria that no matter how beautiful your theory is, if it doesn't agree with observation or experiment, it's wrong, then the lack of observation of either dark matter or dark energy puts those concepts on shaky ground. Science is not a popularity contest, and sweeping inconvenient facts under the rug doesn't keep them from being relevant.
Time is what prevents everything from happening all at once.
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