by crawler » Sat May 16, 2020 2:35 am
Wikileaks………..
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang ........
Inflation (cosmology) and Baryogenesis.
The earliest phases of the Big Bang are subject to much speculation, since astronomical data about them are not available. In the most common models the universe was filled homogeneously and isotropically with a very high energy density and huge temperatures and pressures, and was very rapidly expanding and cooling. The period from 0 to 10^-43 seconds into the expansion, the Planck epoch, was a phase in which the four fundamental forces — the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and the gravitational force, were unified as one.[22] In this stage, the universe was only about 10^−35 meters wide and consequently had a temperature of approximately 10^32 degrees Celsius.[23] The Planck epoch was succeeded by the grand unification epoch beginning at 10^-43 seconds, where gravitation separated from the other forces as the universe's temperature fell.[22] The universe was pure energy at this stage, too hot for any particles to be created.
At approximately 10^−37 seconds into the expansion, a phase transition caused a cosmic inflation, during which the universe grew exponentially, faster than the speed of light, and temperatures dropped by a factor of 100,000. Microscopic quantum fluctuations that occurred because of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle were amplified into the seeds that would later form the large-scale structure of the universe.[24] At a time around 10^-36 seconds, the Electroweak epoch begins when the strong nuclear force separates from the other forces, with only the electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force remaining unified.[25]
Inflation stopped at around the 10^−33 to 10^−32 seconds mark, with the universe's volume having increased by a factor of at least 10^78.
Reheating occurred until the universe obtained the temperatures required for the production of a quark–gluon plasma as well as all other elementary particles.[26][27] Temperatures were so high that the random motions of particles were at relativistic speeds, and particle–antiparticle pairs of all kinds were being continuously created and destroyed in collisions.[4] At some point, an unknown reaction called baryogenesis violated the conservation of baryon number, leading to a very small excess of quarks and leptons over antiquarks and antileptons—of the order of one part in 30 million. This resulted in the predominance of matter over antimatter in the present universe.[28]
Cooling.
The universe continued to decrease in density and fall in temperature, hence the typical energy of each particle was decreasing. Symmetry breaking phase transitions put the fundamental forces of physics and the parameters of elementary particles into their present form, with the electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force separating at about 10^−12 seconds.[25][29] After about 10^−11 seconds, the picture becomes less speculative, since particle energies drop to values that can be attained in particle accelerators. At about 10^−6 seconds, quarks and gluons combined to form baryons such as protons and neutrons. The small excess of quarks over antiquarks led to a small excess of baryons over antibaryons. The temperature was now no longer high enough to create new proton–antiproton pairs (similarly for neutrons–antineutrons), so a mass annihilation immediately followed, leaving just one in 1010 of the original protons and neutrons, and none of their antiparticles. A similar process happened at about 1 second for electrons and positrons. After these annihilations, the remaining protons, neutrons and electrons were no longer moving relativistically and the energy density of the universe was dominated by photons (with a minor contribution from neutrinos).
A few minutes into the expansion, when the temperature was about a billion kelvin and the density of matter in the universe was comparable to the current density of Earth's atmosphere, neutrons combined with protons to form the universe's deuterium and helium nuclei in a process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN).[30] Most protons remained uncombined as hydrogen nuclei.[31]
As the universe cooled, the rest energy density of matter came to gravitationally dominate that of the photon radiation. After about 379,000 years, the electrons and nuclei combined into atoms (mostly hydrogen), which were able to emit radiation. This relic radiation, which continued through space largely unimpeded, is known as the cosmic microwave background.[31]
The chemistry of life may have begun during a habitable epoch when the universe was only 10–17 million years old.[32][33]
So, wikileaks says that the standard model of the BB involves pure energy at the beginning ie before we have any photons or particles. What can their pure energy be?
I notice too that wiki is happy to have temperature before there are any photons or particles. How?
And wiki's explanation of the CMBR says that the photons were created after 379,000 years. But earlier they said that photons predominated after 1 second -- what happened to thems photons -- how come they are not in our CMBR?
When did their supposed Dark Matter happen?
Wikileaks……….. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang ........
[i][color=#0000FF][b]Inflation (cosmology) and Baryogenesis.[/b]
The earliest phases of the Big Bang are subject to much speculation, since astronomical data about them are not available. In the most common models the universe was filled homogeneously and isotropically with a very high energy density and huge temperatures and pressures, and was very rapidly expanding and cooling. The period from 0 to 10^-43 seconds into the expansion, the Planck epoch, was a phase in which the four fundamental forces — the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and the gravitational force, were unified as one.[22] In this stage, the universe was only about 10^−35 meters wide [color=#00BF00]and consequently had a temperature of approximately 10^32 degrees Celsius[/color].[23] The Planck epoch was succeeded by the grand unification epoch beginning at 10^-43 seconds, where gravitation separated from the other forces as the universe's temperature fell.[22] [b][u][color=#BF0000]The universe was pure energy at this stage,[/color][/u][/b] too hot for any particles to be created.
At approximately 10^−37 seconds into the expansion, a phase transition caused a cosmic inflation, during which the universe grew exponentially, faster than the speed of light, and temperatures dropped by a factor of 100,000. Microscopic quantum fluctuations that occurred because of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle were amplified into the seeds that would later form the large-scale structure of the universe.[24] At a time around 10^-36 seconds, the Electroweak epoch begins when the strong nuclear force separates from the other forces, with only the electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force remaining unified.[25]
Inflation stopped at around the 10^−33 to 10^−32 seconds mark, with the universe's volume having increased by a factor of at least 10^78.
Reheating occurred until the universe obtained the temperatures required for the production of a quark–gluon plasma as well as all other elementary particles.[26][27] Temperatures were so high that the random motions of particles were at relativistic speeds, and particle–antiparticle pairs of all kinds were being continuously created and destroyed in collisions.[4] At some point, an unknown reaction called baryogenesis violated the conservation of baryon number, leading to a very small excess of quarks and leptons over antiquarks and antileptons—of the order of one part in 30 million. This resulted in the predominance of matter over antimatter in the present universe.[28]
Cooling.
The universe continued to decrease in density and fall in temperature, hence the typical energy of each particle was decreasing. Symmetry breaking phase transitions put the fundamental forces of physics and the parameters of elementary particles into their present form, with the electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force separating at about 10^−12 seconds.[25][29] After about 10^−11 seconds, the picture becomes less speculative, since particle energies drop to values that can be attained in particle accelerators. At about 10^−6 seconds, quarks and gluons combined to form baryons such as protons and neutrons. The small excess of quarks over antiquarks led to a small excess of baryons over antibaryons. The temperature was now no longer high enough to create new proton–antiproton pairs (similarly for neutrons–antineutrons), so a mass annihilation immediately followed, leaving just one in 1010 of the original protons and neutrons, and none of their antiparticles. [u]A similar process happened at about 1 second for electrons and positrons. After these annihilations, the remaining protons, neutrons and electrons were no longer moving relativistically and the energy density of the universe was dominated by photons (with a minor contribution from neutrinos).[/u]
A few minutes into the expansion, when the temperature was about a billion kelvin and the density of matter in the universe was comparable to the current density of Earth's atmosphere, neutrons combined with protons to form the universe's deuterium and helium nuclei in a process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN).[30] Most protons remained uncombined as hydrogen nuclei.[31]
As the universe cooled, the rest energy density of matter came to gravitationally dominate that of the photon radiation. [u]After about 379,000 years, the electrons and nuclei combined into atoms (mostly hydrogen), which were able to emit radiation. This relic radiation, which continued through space largely unimpeded, is known as the cosmic microwave background.[[/u]31]
The chemistry of life may have begun during a habitable epoch when the universe was only 10–17 million years old.[32][33][/color][/i]
[color=#BF0000]So, wikileaks says that the standard model of the BB involves pure energy at the beginning ie before we have any photons or particles. What can their pure energy be? [/color]
[color=#008000]I notice too that wiki is happy to have temperature before there are any photons or particles. How?[/color]
And wiki's explanation of the CMBR says that the photons were created after 379,000 years. But earlier they said that photons predominated after 1 second -- what happened to thems photons -- how come they are not in our CMBR?
When did their supposed Dark Matter happen?