Electric Nucleosynthesis

[JouniJokela]

I Just found this paper from LENR-forum;
https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/index. ... -2016-pdf/
The titel is;
Observation of Anomalous Production of Si and Fe in an Arc Furnace Driven Ferro Silicon Smelting Plant at levels of Tons per day

I did the reality-check for this, and this seems to be a real stuff;
http://www.indsil.com/palakkad-smelter/
And it's truly cant be a measuring problem, that some process produces systematically 4.27 tons / day material for 11 week period. It totals 328 tons, and means 1.5 truck loads per week.

Interestingly this observation fits very well to my independetly produced nucleosynthesis-theory, which I found out to be "just" a completed version of the Apher-Bethe-Gamow theorie;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpher%E2 ... amow_paper
Solving the problems of the missing "five" and "eight". Links to my working papers;
https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio ... ng_-Chemie
https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio ... esis_chain
The later link pages 14-16 provides the view to this particular issue.

Most propable source for Silicon is accoring to this idea is thus;
N-14 + N-14 = Si-28
and further for Iron; Si-28 + Si-28 = Ni-56
Which decays in 6 days to Co-56
Which decays in 77 days to Fe-56.
The only problem is here the decay time, but I think they are anyhow massivly shortended for new fusioned matter.

This seems to be even quite "known" process, as was propose in the first linked paper; "George Oshawa Steel"
http://amasci.com/freenrg/carbiron.html

But this expectation;

"The Production of Fe (Iron) from C (Carbon) and O (Oxygen)."
And The applied formula: "2 6C12 + 2 8Ol6 >> (2 14Si28 28Ni56) >> 26Fe56"

Can't be correct, as according to my understanding the source must be Nitrogen, and it's even very propable, as 78 % of air is Nitrogen. So The Coal and oxygen is most propably just providing the conditions to Nitrogen fusion. This is supported by this observation;

The applied electricity is the same as in the above methods.

During the process of transmutation, Ni (nickel) is temporarily produced. But it disappears very soon, for it is an isotope with a radioactive nature. The life of an Ni isotope is considered approximately 1/lOOOth of a second.

In these experiments, the degree of transmutation from C and O to Fe is approximately 5 percent to 20 percent immediately, with a larger percentage of transmutation occurring gradually in the air, which has the effect of cooling the metallic powder to below room temperature.

It's very enjoyable to notice that the produced matter is cold. As this is exactly what my idea predicts.
(Fusion is endothermic)
Even the Nickel and short decay was observed!

What is the EU approach to this issue? (Nucleosynthesis)
I believe this is not quite the idea, which is supported here.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis

[Maol]

Most propable source for Silicon is accoring to this idea is thus;
N-14 + N-14 = Si-28 ~~~~ snip ~~ etc.

It's very enjoyable to notice that the produced matter is cold. As this is exactly what my idea predicts.
(Fusion is endothermic)

I thought fusion is exothermic is why all the research into fusion reactors.

[JouniJokela]

I thought fusion is exothermic is why all the research into fusion reactors.

Well, that just might be a false presumption. Do you have any positive Lab results?
I mean any? (It's something like Non-zero)
Even Hydrogen (Fusion) bomb turned out to be much more easily explaiend by a Fission of Lithium-7 when I studied it. The Heat in so called LENR-systems can be mostly explained through chemical reactions.

It should be noted, that even in Fission, most of the energy doesn't even come from "E=mc^2", it's not quite that simple, but the decay heat 6.5% is close to the reality. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_heat
This is the amount of protons, neutrons and electrons which is really decaying to photons according to "E=mc^2"

So where does the most of the energy come or go?

This comes simply from the Kinetic gas theory;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_t ... tic_energy
And can be most easily understood through Ideal gas law;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law

PV=nRT, P=Pressure, V=Volume, n= particle amount, R= constant T= temperature.

So;
Why Fusion is endothermic?
Because two Particle (must be Plasma; ions) having a just enough velocity to collide, are after a linear collision just a one particle having a velocity of zero. and Zero particle velocity = Absolute zero temperature. But the temperature drop is even more dramatic. As n is halfed, also the Pressure goes down, and thus the temperature of surrounding particles is also lowered.

But
How Fission can produce so much (Exothermic) heat?
First of all, the existing atoms are not in absolute zero temperature. And after they are splitted, the particle amount (n) increases. Both particles (if splitted in two equal pieces) must maintain their velocity. (temperature)
This should add up to Pressure or Volume. -But if they are constant?
PV/T= n (constant R is left out to simplify)
so 2n = 2 PV/T
but if PV is constant then 2/T is the only thing which grows. Though the math is here similarily confusing with Temperature, like counting the resistance of parallel resisitors. We can't avoid the fact that HEAT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat#Entropy
Increases. And I purposely linked to the "Entropy" -point of this Wiki article, as it's actually Entropy which grows here.

So the circle is closed, by simple notion that in Fusion the Entropy is reduced.
No Big Bang and No "Heat death of the universe"...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_deat ... e_universe
So this just solves the first problem of this list; (and all the rest of this list too...)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_u ... in_physics
This is THE problem;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(arrow_of_time)

So where this "arrow of time" (Entropy) is turned?
-also on planets, but mostly in stars. Their heat is just the left-over of the fusioned matter. And this energy is mostly the low intensity radiation. Most of the people describes the observed effects of these long-wave photons as a "gravity".

->ELECTRIC NUCLEOSYNTHESIS.
https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio ... ng_-Chemie
(page 4)

WHAT?
Did I just say that SUN is a huge cooling devise which absorbs HEAT? (and turns it to a matter)

Oops, yes I did. And if this produced headache, just stop thinking about it. Go and study Black hole's instead. As they work exactly as you believe them to work.
But NOTHING in nature is influenced by our thoughts and beliefs. The Corona just is HOT.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona#Co ... ng_problem
But to me it's not a problem. It just the NATURE.
...relentless and unchangeable.
...indifferent as to whether its hidden reasons and actions are understandable to man or not.

[willendure]

WHAT?
Did I just say that SUN is a huge cooling devise which absorbs HEAT? (and turns it to a matter)

Oops, yes I did. And if this produced headache, just stop thinking about it. Go and study Black hole's instead. As they work exactly as you believe them to work.
But NOTHING in nature is influenced by our thoughts and beliefs. The Corona just is HOT.

The corona is millions of degrees hot, but the light we see from the sun fits a ~3000K spectrum. The coronal heating thing is very interesting to the EU, but I still think visible light is coming from surface not the corona.

[JouniJokela]

WHAT?
Did I just say that SUN is a huge cooling devise which absorbs HEAT? (and turns it to a matter)

The corona is millions of degrees hot, but the light we see from the sun fits a ~3000K spectrum. The coronal heating thing is very interesting to the EU, but I still think visible light is coming from surface not the corona.

Ofcourse the visible light is coming from surface. I might need to make an explaining drawing, but If you think why photon is emitted? If a particle, (plasma ion) is travelling in free space and does not collide to anything it is not emitting any visible light range photons. (I think it is emitting long wavelength, and this explains radioactive decay)
The density is low;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona#Ph ... the_corona
Practically a High vacuum, with mean free path of 1 000 m.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_free_path
Which means with 1 000 000 K temperature for a iron molecule a velocity of ~21 000 m/s. And thus a photon would be emitted every 1/21 seconds. (wow, I just realized that another testable prediction of my theory; The airglow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airglow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiacal_light
towards the sun near it must be brighter than sun, and the coronal glow is just the scattered light from this. )

So as most of the photons (created by high energy colliding particles) are heading towards the sun, why is the surface of the sun not EVEN hotter? Because the most of this energy is absorbed in these collisions through fusion.

[willendure]

I Just found this paper from LENR-forum;
https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/index. ... -2016-pdf/

Sounds plausable to me. Pass an electric arc through hydrogen gas at atmospheric pressure and you get some helium forming (not much, but detectable amounts). An electrical arc could definitely fuse silicon and iron, although the size of the anomaly is surprising.

Note also, that the amount of electical input energy should have been 7935 KWh but was 6788KWh, suggesting that the fusion is indeed exorthermic and supplied the missing energy.

Would fusing 2.4 tonnes of Si-Fe release 1147KWh? That seems like far too small an amount of energy released.

[upriver]

LENR library.
http://lenr-canr.org/ and go to the library search engine and search 'new elements.'

[upriver]

Cosmic ray spectrum above 1015 eV (a new approach)
The possibility of the formation of new matter.

http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi- ... etype=.pdf

[GaryN]

The Vedas assert Sun (Surya) to be the creator of the material universe (Prakriti)

The Vedas are full of scientific information, the Sun does create matter, and organise it once created. How it creates matter from an engineering point of view is the interesting part. I'm going with double layers, charge confinement and resonance, likely in the microwave band. I'm sure there are many mechanisms at play within the Sun, and they all involve electricity in one form or another.

[JouniJokela]

I think Fusion is allways endothermic or energy consuming and Fission is allways exothermic or energy releasing.
I don't believe that the different masses can explain anything about some "binding energy".

I've done some calculations in the LENR-Forum too;
https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/index. ... /?pageNo=7
... Dont mind to repeat.

But this

Would fusing 2.4 tonnes of Si-Fe release 1147KWh? That seems like far too small an amount of energy released.

difference was per-ton-consumption. And it was about 73.8 % Silicon and rest 26.2 % iron.

So calculating 0.738*28+0.262*56=33.86 ,as a averege molar mass.
And as 1 kWh = 2.25 x10^25 eV ->
1147 kWh = 286750x10^23 eV

and 1000 kg/0.0336 = 29533 mol ->
29533 x 6x10^23 = 177200x10^23 molecules
and 286750/177200 = 1.62 eV / molecule -> nothing.

Most propably the Fusioned Silicon has destroyed/released randomly some protons/neutrons and very small amount of fusion products have been thus ended up to be Cr or Mn instead of Fe. Some of these protons/neutrons might have been catched, and thus would be created also some stabile isotopes of Ni and Co.

Thus it's impossible to say anything about the heat, if the resulting isotopic abundances are not propely studied. Some times there is suprisingly high amounts of heat;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Bravo#High_yield
In this particular case in link, it was 10 Mt, so just the "extra" alone was ~770 time of the Hiroshima Bomb

[GaryN]

It's Not Cold Fusion... But It's Something

An experiment that earned Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann widespread ridicule in 1989 wasn't necessarily bogus

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/gu ... something/

[willendure]

It's Not Cold Fusion... But It's Something

An experiment that earned Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann widespread ridicule in 1989 wasn't necessarily bogus

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/gu ... something/

"Before the document was finalized, however, they removed the tables containing that data."

Perhaps someone did realize the importance of these experiments, trashed the discoverers reputations then secretly got on with exploring the new science.