Attiyah's Venus

[Attiyah Zahdeh]

Attiyah's Venus

Two Known Facts:

(1) Aided by his own telescope, Galileo Galilei was the first person to observe the phases of Venus in December 1610. It is known that a naked-eye man cannot see the phases of Venus. Only the telescopic images can reveal them.
(2) Always the naked-eye man sees Venus having its conventional familiar appearance which looks like a starburst. In other words, every time Venus is seen in the sky, either in the nighttime and daytime, it seems showing its brilliant "starburst" appearance.
So far, from the perspective of the naked-eye Earth-based observers, connecting the facts (1) and (2) means straightforwardly that the "starburst" show of Venus is its permanent appearance. Thus, we always see Venus having almost the same "starburst" appearance even when its telescopic images reveal that it is new i.e. even when its earthward half is completely dark because it is completely anti-sunward.
How does it happen that Venus passes through all its phases while we always remain seeing it having almost the same pretty complete "starburst" appearance?
At least, how we see Venus having its normal "starburst" appearance while its half facing us is completely dark? Why do the naked-eye observers see Venus shining normally meanwhile, at the same time, the telescope-aided observers see it as a dark disk?
However, Attiyah's Venus theory has its own interpretation.

Attiyah's Venus



1- Irrespective of the Venus's reflection of the solar light and the effects of this light in its daytime ionosphere, from the perspective of the Earth, the light of Venus we observe and deal with is predominantly a magnetosphere-ionosphere produced light.

2- Venus has its own tidal impact on the magnetosphere-ionosphere system.

3- The Venus's tidal impact on the Earth's magnetosphere leads to the formation of a bulge that cascades down the magnetospheric layers such that it eventually maps in the ionosphere.

4- The venerean tidal impact on the Earth's magnetosphere-ionosphere system leads to the generation of light in the ionosphere via the same mechanisms that generate the polar aurora.

5- The Venus-formed bulge in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system is the site we see Venus itself at as Venus-caused "venerean starburst".

6- Normally and optically, the Venus-formed bulge in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system is sub-venerean.

7- The "venerean starburst" is the Venus-caused auroral corona.

N.B. In general, what applies to Venus applies at least to the planets that could be seen by the naked eye. Thus, there are Attiyah's Mercury, Attiyah's Mars, Attiyah's Saturn, and Attiyah's Jupiter.

[Attiyah Zahdeh]

More detailed questions:

From the perspective of the Earth, were the brightness of Venus due to reflected and scattered sunlight from its surface and atmosphere, it should seem as a dark disk every time it would be new (when its earthward half is completely anti-sunward). However, when Venus is at its new phase i.e. when Venus's earthward half is completely anti-sunward, we find that it is still shining brightly. From where does Venus acquire its full brightness when its earthward half is completely free of sunlight? How does Venus remain keeping its normal "starry' appearance at the time its nighttime side is the half facing the Earth?

[nick c]

Hi Attiyah Zahdeh,

I don't see any anomalies in the observations of the brightness of Venus (as seen from Earth) that cannot be explained by the orbital geometry between the two planets and the [url2=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo]albedo[/url2] of Venus.

When Venus is in a crescent phase as viewed from Earth it is also much closer to Earth than when it is in the [url2=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/gibbous]gibbous[/url2] or in the half phase (due to the geometry of the orbital configurations of both planets.) Therefore the loss of surface area available to reflect sunlight is compensated for by the fact that the apparent diameter of Venus (as seen from Earth) is much greater and it is much closer. So Venus appears, to the Earth bound observer, to be of similar brightness in its' different phases.
-Venus in the new phase is closest to the Earth, around 24 million miles distance. However, it is not visible from Earth, as it is between the Earth and Sun. If they are lined up correctly this can result in a [url2=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_of_Venus]Venus transit[/url2], in which case the full disc of Venus will be seen to move across the solar disc.
-Before and after the new phase Venus will display a crescent.
-Venus in the full phase, is farthest from the Earth at around 151 million miles but is not visible because the Sun is between the two planets.
-Before and after the full phase Venus will display a gibbous phase.
-The orbits of the two planets are roughly in the same plane with respect to the Sun, however they are not perfectly lined up, so transits are relatively rare events. This line up will be a factor in determining the length of Venus' invisiblility.
Here is a link which illustrates the above:
http://www.venus-transit.de/PlanetPhases/index.html
note the big difference in the apparent diameter of the planet as its' distance from Earth can vary between 24 (new phase) and 151 (full phase) million miles:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phases_Venus.jpg
So the % of surface area reflecting the Sun in the gibbous phase is greater than the crescent phase, however the crescent phase is much larger and closer. The effects more or less cancel out.

As a side note, there are numerous reports of people with exceptional eyesight seeing the extreme crescent phase with the naked eye, though I have not ever been able to see it myself.
The angular diameter of Venus in the extreme crescent phase is very close to the resolution limit of the human eye, which is about 1 minute of arc.
http://adsbit.harvard.edu//full/seri/JR ... 4.000.html

nick c

[Attiyah Zahdeh]

Attiyah’s Ring-Shaped Venus and Attiyah’s Venusian Daylight


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Attiyah’s Ring-Shaped Venus

Summary:

Attiyah’s Ring-Shaped Venus is an interpretation for the ring of light that seems surrounding Venus either before or after its transit. This same ring is also observed during the factual transit i.e. while Venus is traversing the solar disk.

Explanation:

The images of Venus while factually transiting the Sun show Venus itself encircled by a ring of light. Relative to the apparently surrounding photosphere, this ring seems brighter.
http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduo ... 2-rava.jpg
http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduo ... 1-cuca.jpg
http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduo ... 3-rava.jpg
http://alpo-j.asahikawa-med.ac.jp/kk04/v040608z.htm

No doubt, it is the same ring that appears encircling Venus at both of the pre-transit phase and post-transit phase i.e. it is the same ring of the so-described ring-shaped Venus.
How do scientists interpret the light of the ring of the ring-shaped Venus?
They attribute its light to a refracted and scattered solar light in the atmosphere of Venus’s limb. The atmosphere of Venus is so dense, hence their interpretation of the relatively intense refracted and scattered solar light that seems surrounding Venus either before or after its transit.
http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduo ... top04.html

Any way, were the interpretation of those scientists for the ring-shaped Venus a true solution, then during the factual transit Venus itself should not seem encircled by a ring of light such that it is so brighter than the apparently surrounding photosphere.
However, whatsoever the proportion of either the refracted or scattered solar light, the light of the ring would not be at all as intense as that of the photosphere. Hence it is impossible to find a ring of light surrounding Venus such that this ring itself would appear much brighter than the photosphere itself unless the atmosphere of the Venus’s limb generates intense light. Even if the atmosphere of Venus’s limb were 100% transparent to the solar light, it would be impossible to see a ring of light apparently much brighter than photosphere unless the atmosphere of the Venus’s limb is really an origin of intense light.
So far, where is the solution i.e. is there an alternative acceptable interpretation for the ring-shaped Venus?
Yes, there is. It is Attiyah’s ring-shaped Venus.

Attiyah’s Interpretation:

Attiyah’s Ring-shaped Venus

1- The whole vensian ionosphere, the ionosphere of Venus’s limb included, is a planetary discharge tube.
2- The venusian ionosphere-made discharge tube, the ionosphere of Venus’s limb included, generates light by mechanisms similar to those responsible for the generation of the terrestrial, conventional polar aurorae.
3- The refracted and scattered solar light in the atmosphere of Venus’s limb contribute to the light of the ring of the ring-shaped Venus.
4- A significant portion of the light of the ring-shaped Venus is due to fluorescence and lightning activities.
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Attiyah’s Venusian Daylight
Summary:

Attiyah’s venusian daylight is an interpretation for the relatively great brightness of Venus (its magnitude ranges between about -4 and about -4.6), that is so larger even than the brightness of Jupiter, the largest plant.

Explanation:

Venus is considered as the brightest celestial object after the Sun and Moon. Because of the thought that Venus and other planets seem luminous due to the solar light they reflect, scientists attempted to ascribe the relatively great brightness of Venus to the solar light reflected from its atmosphere. They considered that Venus’s dense atmosphere, rather than the ground or the surface, has a relatively very high reflective ability giving it an albedo of about 0.7.
In fact, Venus’s atmosphere is about 93 times as dense as the Earth’s. It is about 97% carbon dioxide. Hence, Venus’s atmosphere is relatively greatly opaque. This fact drove scientist to ascribe its supposedly high reflectivity to the densely cloudy atmosphere rather than to its surface. However, I see that accounting for the relatively high brightness of Venus by the consideration that its atmosphere has a very high reflectivity is not acceptable. At least, the ring that appeared around Venus while it was traversing the solar disk during the transit event from June 2004, can alone cast every doubt on the supposedly high reflectivity of its atmosphere.
Accordingly, the following question raises itself. If the reflectivity of the Venus’s atmosphere is short of interpreting the relatively great brightness of Venus, then what would be the plausible alternative interpretation?
I see that it is Attiyah’s venusian daylight.


Attiyah’s Interpretation:


Attiyah’s Venusian Daylight

(1)The whole vensian ionosphere works as a planetary discharge tube.
(2)The venusian ionosphere-made discharge tube generates light by mechanisms similar to those responsible for the generation of the terrestrial, conventional polar aurorae.
(3) The original solar X-rays and UV light are the primary source for the energy needed for the intense ionization of the venusian daytime ionosphere and the enhancement of its conductivity.
(4) The solar wind-“induced venusian magnetosphere” coupling maps in the venusian ionosphere and controls its electric currents.
(5)The lightning activities that occur in the densely cloudy venusian atmosphere contribute to the brightness of Venus.
(6)The reflectivity of the venusian atmosphere contributes to the brightness of Venus.
(7)A significant portion of the brightness the scientists attribute to the reflectivity of CO2 is due to the venusian atmosphere fluorescence, the effective CO2 fluorescence included.
(8) There are three main origins for the light that is treated to fluorescence: solar radiation, aurora-like activities and lightning processes, especially the black lightning (X-rays-and-UV-giving lightning) which prevails in the lower atmosphere.