Helium nucleus

[Bengt Nyman]

Helium nucleus spontaneously forming from 2 protons and 2 neutrons due to Dipole Coulomb forces combining into Strongforce and creating what was thought to be the effect of "Gluons".
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gulJ3koicw0

[lw1990]

What the heck? You have 10 spheres in that video, a Helium structure only has 4 spheres.

The rotation of each sphere, when looking at it from the top, would be like this (arrows indicate direction of spin of that sphere):


From the side, it would look like this (rotation not shown in this view)

[Bengt Nyman]

Sure, 2 protons plus 2 neutrons = 4. However at a quark level, the engines inside protons and neutrons, where the charges reside and from where the coulomb interaction stems, you have 10 active and 2 passive quarkheads.
P.S. If you had shown the "gluon" that allow 2 protons to snuggle up you would have had at least 5 bodies. However, we all know there are no gluons. The name is only a placeholder for the physics that allow 2 protons to form a bond, which is coulomb quark interactions resulting in strong-force and binding energy.

[lw1990]

Neutrons are just energy-loaded protons, that is why they rapidly return to be protons when they can release the extra energy
Inside each proton are 6 smaller 'engines', we could call them quarks. Perhaps the reason orthodox physics thinks there are only three is that the six quarks are stacked on top of each other, in layers of 3 each, for a total of two layers of spheres.

It would look like this (each collection is a quark, inside the quark are many smaller entities, including a core of even smaller particles that looks like a glob of tightly packed spheres). In reality the smaller interior particles occupy a 3D space making it a sphere, and the core would be obstructed from view by these, but this illustration lets you see the structure in a kind of 2D sliced view. Arrows represent the rotation of each individual quark.


Of course, these interior particles are tiny even compared to the size of the quark (which is the combination of all of those), so we will not know about them for a long time

In contrast to the above illustration, a 'neutron' would be identical to that configuration except some or all of the 6 quarks making up the neutron would have an increase in interior particles beyond the normal amount, which would be released into the ambient environment outside the neutron as fast as possible, when it reaches equilibrium it's a proton again

In my opinion, in nature there are no: timeons, gluons, godons, gravitons, or any other whateverons.

[Bengt Nyman]

Agreed. So called quarks are likely to be complex clusters or nested, closed loop, recirculating standing waves of electrical energy. One important part of their characteristics, however, is the electrical charge which is visible or detectable from the outside. With three or more quarks in each proton (and neutron) there are a minimum of 9 vectors of Coulomb force interactions between two protons. Because of the dominance of the positive charge of the protons they normally repel each other. However, at the right orientation and a very close distance the negative charge of the D-quark in one proton can come close enough to one or both of the positively charged U-quarks in the other proton, for the two protons to embrace each other and bond together in strongforce.

http://www.dipole.se

An example above was the formation of a Helium nucleus from randomly positioned electrically charged quarks inside the 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
Additional examples below are the formation of a Lithium nucleus as well as a Beryllium nucleus. Please note that on larger nuclei the initial positions of the quarks are critical to keep each quark pair within its strongforce range to complete the bond. If initial positions are too far apart protons will simply repel each other and proton-neutron pairs will essentially not affect each other.

Lithium nucleus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-vjHv5OnCI
Beryllium nucleus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSQQ-eT4M-g

[JouniJokela]

ok I remove this

[Bengt Nyman]

Thank you. Why don't you start a new topic since these do not relate.

[lw1990]

it is difficult to tell what the final shape of just the lithium (with 6 protons and/or neutrons) is in that video?

Does it look like this by chance if the stuff which is there to help bonding was removed?

Lithium (2 on top, 4 on bottom) - Semi-stable formation


And for Beryllium (3 layers of 3 each) Stable formation:

[Bengt Nyman]

There is nothing needed or added to facilitate bonding beyond the native quarks.
You are showing the conventional images based on the content of protons and neutrons which is 3P+4N for Lithium and 4P+5N for Beryllium. Even if you give these hadrons their appropriate composite charges and simulate them in 3D they will not bond into a respective nuclei. It is the individual charges and placements of each quark in each hadron, which facilitate bonding with other hadrons into a stable nucleus. Consequently, the least complex representation of these nuclei which produce realistic bonding is to show each hadron as their composite dipole, or a mixture of composite dipole and individual quarks, but preferably as complete sets of individual, properly charged quarks.
As you can see in a periodic table, protons alone do not bond into larger nuclei because of their overwhelmingly positive charge. Even though bonding and strongforce can occur and can be shown between two isolated protons, neutrons are required in the mix to facilitate bonding between two or more protons into a stable nucleus.
See the formation of Helium from 2 protons and 2 neutrons, for a total of 12 quarks, in planar view below. Final folding not shown:
https://youtu.be/qnlW2_EG1fY

[Bengt Nyman]

Helium nucleus forming from 2 protons and 2 neutrons consisting of a total of 12 quarks shown with initial folding in 3D below:
https://youtu.be/BaFeODfusGY

[lw1990]

Actually I may have shown the wrong illustration, there are two Lithiums, Lithium-6 and Lithium-7, the illustrated one was Lithium-6
I thought this was the Lithium you were talking about because your video shows 18 spheres in that video,
which if we take the orthodox view that there are 3 quarks in a proton/neutron, then 6*3 = 18
However I don't really understand why you think the quarks themselves are touching/aligning to form a nucleus, wouldn't the proton/neutrons as a whole (total of 6 of them for Lithium-6) align instead, with the 'engines' located in the center of each proton/neutron?

[Bengt Nyman]

Because the Coulomb forces which drive the bonds emanate from the centers of charge, ie the quarks, not from the hadron center of mass.
P.S. The Lithium simulation shows the proton as a dipole but the neutron as quarks. That's why there are more bodies than the number of hadrons but fewer than the number of quarks.

[saul]

Perhaps you would enjoy a video I made about what quarks are:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omZSWfgl6PI

[Bengt Nyman]

Thank you saul.

[Bengt Nyman]

Below is a simulation showing a Helium nucleus formed by Coulomb forces between 2 protons and 2 neutrons represented as their respektive dipoles. Note the careful positioning required to keep respective dipole pairs and particle pairs within their respective strongforce range.

https://youtu.be/AUMSQzutQvQ

Positioning outside these ranges result in partial or total repulsion and separation rather than attraction and bonding into a larger nucleus.
The same is true for simulations presented earlier showing hadrons represented as a combination of dipoles and quarks, as well as simulations showing hadrons represented as purely quarks.
All three types of simulations show the same end-result, the difference is the accuracy required in pre-positioning the constituents to keep Coulomb force resultants within strongforce range to produce attraction and bonding into a helium nucleus.

Summary:

1. Simulating protons and neutrons as single bodies with their total charge:
Bonding into Helium can not be demonstrated.
2. Simulating protons and neutrons as dipoles:
Bonding into Helium is possible if the dipoles are properly pre-positioned.
3. Simulating protons and neutrons as triangles of individual quarks:
Bonding into Helium is demonstrated within a large range of pre-positioning and without any approximations or assists.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaFeODfusGY