Major Sci News Blog

[Lloyd]

I'll try to post major sci news items here and anyone else is welcome to post items too and to comment if you like. But let's keep comments brief here please.

Help: Revolutionary Superconductivity for Space Travel ETC
http://www.naturalphilosophy.org/site/v ... r-thruster
This is reported by Greg Volk at the CNPS site. He says this is a novel superconducting levitation thruster technology and tests showed that the earlier version "can deliver 1000 times more thrust per unit mass than the Xenon ion propulsion engine that NASA has used to propel its Dawn spacecraft beyond Mars to Ceres". "[T]his novel device is able to accomplish its propulsion with absolutely no physical energy input. It just needs to be cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures or below". The new version "is essentially a conically shaped superconducting coil and ... calculations indicate that it should develop over 30,000 times more thrust than [the] first version. Hence it should be able to lift heavy payloads off the ground." "t should be capable of delivering 9 times more thrust, per unit thruster weight, than the Space Shuttle main engine". Also it should "be able to self-levitate off the ground" like the "hoverboard in the movie Back to the Future". So it should also be good for maglev here on Earth. The inventor is raising $32k online to do testing on the new version. See https://igg.me/at/levitation-thruster.

[Lloyd]

43
Superconducting Levitation Thruster for Revolutionary Travel
Here's more on the previous story from https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/supe ... n-thruster#.
Paul Laviolette says the superconducting levitation thruster [which I think requires no fuel] could make the following possible:
- A "hoverboard" something like that depicted in the sci fi movie Back to the Future which the movie predicted would be in common circulation in 2015;
- A scooter that could not only move forward, but hover and fly above the ground;
- Cars that could take off vertically and fly through the air;
- Thrusters that could produce shaft torque to generate pollution-free electricity;
- Cruise ships that could levitate as in the movie The Fifth Element;
- Space shuttles that could lift off the Earth without the help of rockets;
- Interplanetary shuttles that could fly to Mars in 5 days, not 9 months as NASA currently has in mind;
- Manned space ships that could attain near light speed velocities and travel to the nearest star system (e.g., Proxima Centauri) in 4.5 years, instead of 20,000 years.
- This technology would be essentially pollutionless, requiring only the production of a small quantity of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium to make it work. Hence its carbon footprint would be virtually insignificant compared to the petrol guzzling technologies that are currently in use. [Nonetheless, "carbon footprints" are already insignificant and irrationally feared by global warming alarmists.]
- Historically, social advances have been brought about by technologies that either improved transportation (moved people or goods more efficiently from one place to another) or improved on energy production. This technology should do both. If it works as expected, it would bring untold prosperity to the world.
- See the demonstration videos at https://youtu.be/kJoVSpF9x64
- and at https://youtu.be/EOcC7DddeTw.
- The videos may not seem impressive, showing only a very small thruster causing a slight movement of a pendulum, but it should be scalable to much larger sizes.
- Actually, travel to the nearest star would likely be much faster than 4.5 years, since the distances to most stars are apparently much closer than generally supposed. See http://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpB ... 25#p110714 for some details, such as 2 stars being less than 1/10th ly away and 7 more being less than 1 ly away.

[Lloyd]

86
Scientists Discover New Kind of Stem Cell: iXEN
http://www.sci-news.com/biology/new-kin ... 03680.html
(Stem cells can be used to regenerate organs that malfunction etc.)

Lab-Grown Skin Sweats and Sprouts Hair
http://www.livescience.com/54268-lab-gr ... -hair.html
(Might help burn victims, bald people etc.)

Astronomers Discover White Dwarf Star with Oxygen Atmosphere
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/white ... 03751.html

New Horizons Observes Solar Wind Changes in Outer Solar System
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1601/1601.07156.pdf
http://www.sci-news.com/space/new-horiz ... 03760.html

ALMA Captures Detailed Images of Planet-Forming Disk around Sun-Like Star TW Hydrae
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/alma- ... 03748.html

Study: Moon Moved from Its Original Axis 3 Billion Years Ago
http://www.sci-news.com/space/moon-move ... 03728.html

Neanderthals May Have Used Manganese Dioxide to Light Fires
http://www.sci-news.com/archaeology/nea ... 03679.html

Neanderthal-Derived DNA Has Significant Impact on Modern Human Traits
http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/neande ... 03629.html

Acoustic Tweezers Capture, Manipulate Single Cells in 3D
http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/acoust ... 03592.html

Study Shines New Light on Source of Earth’s Water
http://www.sci-news.com/geology/source- ... 03435.html
Early water had very little deuterium, which strongly suggests that it was not carried to Earth after it had formed and cooled.

Geologists Find Evidence of Ancient Megatsunami in Cape Verde Islands
http://www.sci-news.com/geology/science ... 03304.html

World’s Largest Canyon System May Lie under Antarctic Ice Sheet
http://www.sci-news.com/geology/worlds- ... 03561.html

Jupiter Just Got Hit by a Comet or Asteroid ... Again (Video)
http://www.livescience.com/54230-jupite ... video.html

Mystery of Mile-High Mounds on Mars Solved
http://www.livescience.com/54245-myster ... olved.html

First Supernova Shock Wave Image seen in visible light
http://www.livescience.com/54131-first- ... epler.html

New Mars Gravity Map Is the Best Ever
http://www.livescience.com/54156-mars-g ... video.html

Real-Life 'Death Star' Continues to Destroy Alien Worlds
http://www.livescience.com/54032-death- ... orlds.html

Incredible New View of the Milky Way Revealed (Video)
http://www.livescience.com/53873-incred ... video.html

Astronomers Catch Two Supernovae in Act of Exploding
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/two-s ... 03719.html

HD 20782b: Astronomers Discover Exoplanet with Highly Eccentric Orbit
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/hd207 ... 03718.html

Astronomers Discover Monstrous ‘Super Spirals’
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/monst ... 03714.html

Source of Very-High-Energy Cosmic Rays Discovered at Milky Way’s Center
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/pevat ... 03710.html

Hubble Discovers Nine Extremely Massive Stars in R136
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/hubbl ... 03709.html

Galaxy with 300,000 Light-Year-Long Tail of Ionized Gas
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/galax ... 03653.html

ALMA Images Shed More Light on Planet Formation around Binary Stars
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/alma- ... 03637.html
The red arc is free of gas, suggesting the carbon monoxide has frozen out, forming a layer of frost on the dust grains in that region. The frost may provide a boost to planet formation.

Ancient Supereruptions in Idaho's Snake River Plain
http://www.livescience.com/54202-ancien ... hotos.html

12 Supereruptions Pockmark Path of Yellowstone Hotspot
http://www.livescience.com/54200-yellow ... tions.html

[Lloyd]

Ron Howard Saw the 1969 Apollo 11 Moon Landing Faked In A Studio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjNLcVbTXjk
[I haven't read the article, but, if he did see something in a studio, it doesn't disprove the moon landings.]

15 Years to Mars? Russia Could Do It in 15 Months
http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2 ... ce=yahoo-2

Ancient Vikings site in North America spotted from space
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/mor ... th-america

Ancient 'Noah' Skeleton Discovered in Iraq
http://www.livescience.com/47219-ancien ... ement.html

Inflatable 12 mile-high ‘space elevator’
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016 ... scientists

Astronaut Who Walked on Moon Says Aliens ‘Prevented Nuclear War’
http://www.anomalynews.com/syndicate/20 ... uclear-war

Mammoth was 99.999% white elephant
http://www.anomalynews.com/syndicate/20 ... e-elephant

Woman found functioning without a cerebellum in her brain
http://www.anomalynews.com/syndicate/20 ... ence-alert

Hot Super-Earths: Astronomers Identify New Class of Exoplanet
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/hot-s ... 03773.html

Nearby Supernovae Showered Earth with Radioactive Debris 2 to 8 Million Years Ago
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/nearb ... 03769.html

Comet, Asteroid Impacts 4 Billion Years Ago Likely Enhanced Life-Supporting Habitat on Mars
http://www.sci-news.com/space/comet-ast ... 03762.html

20 Percent Light Speed To Alpha Centauri! Nanocraft Concept Unveiled | Video
http://www.livescience.com/54383-20-per ... video.html

Planets stripped bare by host stars
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-36016748

Oil-Eating Microbes Threaten Shipwrecks and Ocean Life
http://www.livescience.com/54330-oil-ea ... stems.html

This Nano-Spacecraft Could Usher In A New Era In Space Exploration
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2016/04/0 ... ir=Science

Russian billionaire unveils big plan to build tiny interstellar spacecraft
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04 ... spacecraft

This Lightweight Metal Foam May Be The Future Of Bulletproof Armor
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2016/04/1 ... ir=Science

An early start for some of Europe’s oldest cave art
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04 ... t-cave-art

Genetic Scientists Complete First Analysis of Neanderthal Y Chromosome
http://www.sci-news.com/genetics/analys ... 03766.html

Paralyzed Man Moves Fingers with Brain Implant
http://www.livescience.com/54398-paraly ... ement.html

Memex - Darpa creates dark web search engine
http://www.keelynet.com/news/040616l.html

[Lloyd]

Two links for the sci news stories I posted yesterday above don't work, so I'm providing better links for them here. I also added the Snopes article.

FALSE: Ron Howard Said Moon Landing Faked : snopes.com
http://www.snopes.com/ron-howard-moon-hoax
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyivxOiKuBs

Russia reveals plans for 2018 test of nuclear engine that could get cosmonauts to Mars in SIX WEEKS
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/ ... WEEKS.html

[Lloyd]

Free-Floating Giant Planet Analog Found 95 Light-Years Away
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/free- ... 03783.html

The Latest Mars Mission News ExoMars Orbiter and Rover
http://www.space.com/topics/exomars

Gamma-Ray Burst Detected Near Gravitational Wave Source (Except they're not gravity waves, eh?)
http://news.discovery.com/space/astrono ... 160418.htm

Europa's Deforming Ice Is a Surprising Heat Generator (Can it light a fire?)
http://news.discovery.com/space/alien-l ... 160415.htm

Pregnant T. rex Found, May Contain DNA (From 4,400 years ago.)
http://news.discovery.com/animals/dinos ... 160316.htm

Technology News
http://forum.freestateproject.org/index ... #msg298808

--- Everyone's welcome to post any other major science news here that I overlooked.

[Lloyd]

Asteroid Impacts May Have Created Mars' Ancient Oceans
http://news.discovery.com/space/did-ast ... 160425.htm

Interstellar Iron Found on Moon’s Surface: Confirmation of Supernovae in Solar Neighborhood
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/inter ... 03794.html

Earth Pelted with Ashes from Nearby Supernova Explosions
http://www.space.com/32650-nearby-super ... -rays.html

4.1 Billion Year Old Australian Zircon Contains Graphite of Biological Origin
http://www.sci-news.com/geology/science ... 03356.html

7 Surprising Things About Your Planet
http://news.discovery.com/earth/earth-d ... 160421.htm

Reef Ecosystem Discovered in the Amazon
http://news.discovery.com/earth/oceans/ ... 160422.htm

Ancient Peruvian Mystery Solved From Space - spiraling, rock-lined holes, known as puquios - a series of extraordinarily advanced underground aqueducts
http://www.space.com/32604-ancient-peru ... space.html

Neanderthals May Have Been Infected with Diseases Carried out of Africa by Homo sapiens
http://www.sci-news.com/othersciences/a ... 03772.html

Some fairy tales may be 6000 years old
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/ ... -years-old

New sign languages hint at how all languages evolve
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/ ... ges-evolve

Slaughter at the bridge: Uncovering a colossal Bronze Age battle
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/ ... age-battle

Cities Have Unique Bacterial Fingerprints
http://news.discovery.com/tech/biotechn ... 160421.htm

Women or Men: Which are Better Leaders?
http://news.discovery.com/human/psychol ... 160421.htm

For Social Work to Work, People Need to Know They Belong
http://www.livescience.com/54505-people ... rtune.html

See Tech News at
http://forum.freestateproject.org/index ... ic=23835.0

See Health News at
http://forum.freestateproject.org/index ... ic=17549.0

[Lloyd]

440
I forgot to post the views count again, till now anyway.

[Lloyd]

523
Ancient dwarf galaxy was heavy-element factory
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/anc ... ory?tgt=nr

SpaceX Targets 2018 for First Mars Mission
http://news.discovery.com/space/private ... 160427.htm

Saturn's Crisscrossed Rings Hide Tiny Moon
http://news.discovery.com/space/saturns ... 160425.htm

Nearby Massive Star Explosion 30 Million Years Ago Equaled Detonation of 100 Million Suns
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 144910.htm

Ancient dwarf galaxy was heavy-element factory
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/anc ... nt-factory

Novel Super-Resolution Restoration Technique Shows Mars in Incredible Detail
http://www.sci-news.com/space/planetary ... 03818.html

Unique Rocky Comet from Oort Cloud
http://www.sci-news.com/featurednews/ro ... 03828.html

Origin of Earth's Oldest Crystals: zircon crystals -- are likely to have formed in the craters left by violent asteroid impacts
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 173233.htm

[Lloyd]

639
Ancient DNA Study Sheds New Light on Genetic History of Europeans
http://www.sci-news.com/genetics/ancien ... 03833.html

Scientists Determine Mass of NGC 1332’s Supermassive Black Hole (Just wondering what they really detected)
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/mass- ... 03843.html

Long-running lunar mission reveals moon’s surprises
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/lon ... -surprises

Mercury’s stunning landscape mapped
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/mer ... ape-mapped

Rainwater can help trigger earthquakes
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/rai ... kes?tgt=nr

Scientific evidence should inform politicized debates (Yes, if the science & politics aren't corrupt, as they are)
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/sci ... tes?tgt=nr

Radioactive Isotopes Reveal Age of Oil, Gas Wastewater Spills (Very doubtful)
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 124656.htm

Earth's Mantle Goes Up, Down, 'Like a Yo-Yo'
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 115116.htm

Second Strongest Shock Wave Found in Merging Galaxy Clusters (Probably an electric shock wave)
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 122208.htm

Sun’s Magnetic Field During the Grand Minimum Is in Fact at Its Maximum
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 085758.htm

Intense Wind Found in the Neighborhood of a Black Hole (Or something)
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 115600.htm

How the moon got its mysterious "tattoos"
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-nasa-insig ... inked.html

Just 40 light years from Earth (or much closer), three planets might host life forms adapted to infrared worlds
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-years-eart ... -life.html

Pluto's interactions with the solar wind are unique
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-pluto-inte ... nique.html

Unexpected drop in the magnetic field of an X-ray pulsar
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-scientists ... x-ray.html

The turbulent interstellar medium
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-turbulent- ... edium.html

Two new giant lithium-rich stars in an old open cluster
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-astronomer ... uster.html

Clues to uncanny electrical conductivity in Earth's mantle
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-clues-unca ... antle.html

I post technology news here:
http://forum.freestateproject.org/index ... ic=23835.0

[Lloyd]

KIC 8462852: New Study Supports Natural Causes to Explain Behavior of Unusual Star
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/kic-8 ... 03852.html

Astronomers Confirm 1,284 New Kepler Exoplanets
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/1284- ... 03854.html

Kepler-223: Astronomers Find System with Four Giant Planets Trapped in Resonance
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/keple ... 03856.html

Archean Earth’s Upper Atmosphere Was Oxygen-Rich (Dating methods are flawed)
http://www.sci-news.com/othersciences/p ... 03859.html

2007 OR10 is Third-Largest Dwarf Planet
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/2007- ... 03863.html

Most Metal-Poor Galaxy Ever Observed: Leoncino Dwarf
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/most- ... 03865.html

Tungsten isotopes reveal that mantle convection has left some remnants of ancient Earth untouched for 4.5 billion years (Dating methods are flawed)
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/rem ... ears-later

Hunter-gatherers in Florida 14,500 years ago (Dating methods are flawed)
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/hun ... -years-ago

Retreat of the Ice Followed by Millennia of Methane Release
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 111837.htm

Small Blue Galaxy Could Shed New Light on Big Bang (Fantasy)
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 142915.htm

Space Mission First to Observe Key Interaction Between Magnetic Fields of Earth and Sun
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 145509.htm

Artificial intelligence replaces physicists (Finally)
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 091544.htm

Evidence of a huge asteroid in a drill core from Marble Bar in north-western Australia
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 095132.htm

Metal content in early galaxies challenges star forming theory (Dating methods are flawed)
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-metal-cont ... -star.html

Exoplanets' complex orbital structure points to planetary migration in solar systems
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-exoplanets ... ation.html

Silicate stardust traces histories of dust in the galaxy
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-silicate-s ... alaxy.html

Giant hydrogen cloud spotted around the Triangulum Galaxy
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-giant-hydr ... alaxy.html

Tycho's supernova remnant: Chandra movie captures expanding debris from a stellar explosion
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-tycho-supe ... movie.html

Interplay of magnetic fields and gravitation (and mainly electric fields) in the Orion Nebula leads to star development
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-interplay- ... orion.html

Cosmic dust reveals Earth's ancient atmosphere (Dating methods are flawed)
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-cosmic-rev ... phere.html

Technology News:
http://forum.freestateproject.org/index ... ic=23835.0

[Lloyd]

Another Kuiper Belt Discovered Around Nearby Star
http://news.discovery.com/space/astrono ... 160518.htm

What Fills the Vast Space Between Planets?
http://news.discovery.com/space/videos/ ... 160519.htm

Jupiter Is Smashed by Over 6 Huge Fireballs per Year
http://news.discovery.com/space/asteroi ... 160519.htm

How to Form Io's Mountains? Just Squeeze!
http://news.discovery.com/space/how-to- ... 160520.htm

Extreme Exoplanets Reveal Migration Mystery: Kepler-223 has four close gas giants
http://news.discovery.com/space/alien-l ... 160520.htm

Planet with triple-star system found
http://phys.org/news/2016-04-planet-triple-star.html

Cometary belt around distant multi-planet system
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-cometary-b ... hints.html

Stellar cannibalism transforms star into brown dwarf
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-stellar-ca ... dwarf.html

A large group of stars are dying prematurely
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-stellar-my ... epens.html

ASASSN's creed—a surprising ultraviolet rebrightening observed in a superluminous supernova
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-asassn-cre ... inous.html

Galactic 'gold mine' explains the origin of nature's heaviest elements
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-galactic-g ... ments.html

Scientists discover young lunar craters
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-scientists ... aters.html

Fast-moving star duo is heading out of the Milky Way
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/fas ... -milky-way

Ancient tsunamis reshaped Mars’ landscape
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/anc ... -landscape

[Lloyd]

902
TOP SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS Part 1

COMMENTS ON RECENT SO-CALLED TOP SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS
References are listed at the end.

HEALTH
C. 6 Flushing Senescent Cells slows aging
A. 4. Stem Cells Found in New Sources
B. 7. Growing Organs from stem cells
D. 2006 - first induced pluripotent stem cells
E. 2. Growing A New Organ From A Patient’s Own Stem Cells
E. 10. Reprograming skin cells into stem cells
These findings seem to be serious advances.

HEALTH HYPE
B. 6. HIV Cure
C. 1 HIV Treatment antiretroviral drugs For Prevention
E. 4. Curing HIV In Germany
C. 4 Malaria Vaccine
These HIV cures probably are expensive and have serious side effects, whereas the cheap cure discovered years earlier, sodium chlorite mixed with acidic drinks yielding ClO2, i.e. chlorine dioxide, is very safe and effective. The malaria vaccine, like other vaccines, is probably contaminated with poisonous chemicals and is probably not safe or effective. See Search box at http://mercola.com .

GENETICS
A. 2. Human Genome Mapped
B. 8. Human Genome Mapping
D. 2001 – Human Genome
B. 10. Sequencing Genome Of Cancer Patient
E. 6. Sequencing Entire Genome Of A Cancer Patient
A. 7. New Human Ancestors Emerge
B. 5. Human Ancestors skull & complete skeleton
C. 9 Neandrathal Genes Survive in Us
D. 2010 - Neanderthal/Human Genome
D. 2010 – first synthetic bacterial genome
The genome maps should be of value, but are likely to be misused by the medical drug industry. The bacterial genome may similarly be misused, including for dangerous GM organisms. See Search box at http://mercola.com .

HEALTH TECH
A. 5. Humans Meld with Machines
B. 2. Paralyzed patients control robotic limbs using only their minds
This seems to be a real advance.

PALEONTOLOGY
A. 9. T. rex Bone Tissue Discovered
B. 4. T. Rex Bone Tissue
Though they don't admit it, this finding undermines conventional dating, so dinosaurs likely existed only thousands of years ago, not millions of years ago, as found with C14 dating. See http://newgeology.us/presentation48.html .

TECHNOLOGY
C. 5 Photosynthetic Protein in plants makes cheap hydrogen fuel
E. 9. Water as Fuel
E. 5. Supercomputer doing a quadrillion operations per second
C. 10 Quantum Computer On A Single CPU
E. 7. Loudspeakers made of Carbon Nanotubes
D. 2003 - Proof of Poincaré Conjecture
D. 2012 - Photonic molecules
I don't know what the Poincaré Conjecture is, but the rest of these findings seem to be real advances.

CLIMATE HYPE
A. 1. Glaciers Melting Fast
E. 8. 800,000-year high Greenhouse Gas Levels
The climate was initially warm, then it got cold after the rapid continental drift event a few thousand years ago as explained at http://NewGeology.us , and since then it's been warming up gradually, so naturally glaciers will melt. The supposed 800,000-year high Greenhouse Gas Levels finding is surely false, based on false assumptions. They were probably higher a thousand years ago when the climate was warmer than now. Increasing temperatures cause CO2 and methane to be released into the air, causing higher concentrations.

MARS
A. 3. Mars Surface Shows Signs of Water
B. 1. Mars Has Signs Of Water
D. 2015 - Traces of liquid water on Mars
E. 1. Finding Ice On Mars
Humans need to start colonizing space asap and any water on Mars would be helpful for that. It's possible that the water came from a Saturn nova flare a few thousand years ago, or from icy moons or asteroids that collided with Mars within that time.

MINOR PLANETS
A. 10. Minor Planets Found Beyond Pluto
B. 3. Eris Trumps Pluto
D. 2016 - Near confirmation of Planet X
Planet X, a large planet, or small star, on a highly elliptical orbit around the Sun, is probably hype. The minor planets may be helpful for space travel to nearby stars, although there are engine designs that may make it possible to travel at nearly light speed, so journeys to nearby stars may not require long time periods, maybe just a few years. Many stars may be much closer than conventionally measured.

EXOPLANETS
A. 6. Exoplanets Seen Directly
C. 8 Earth-Like Planet Kepler-22b
D. 2015 - Earth-like exoplanet Kepler 438b
E. 3. Water and carbon dioxide on an exoplanet
I'll have to check one of these days to see how close the nearest exoplanet may be, because that's where the first space exomission should aim for.

SPURIOUS PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY
C. 7 Measuring The Universe With Black Holes
D. 2016 - gravitational waves from a black hole merger
A. 8. Dark Matter's Existence Confirmed Directly
B. 9. Dark Matter
C. 2 Faster Than Light Neutrinos
C. 3 Higgs Boson
D. 2012 - Higgs boson
D. 2014 - Exotic hadrons
Measuring the universe is conventionally done with the redshift of light spectra, but it's based on the assumption that the object with the redshift is receding at a velocity and distance directly related to the redshift. However, it's likely that the objects with redshifts have bipolar jets and its the electrons in the near-side jets which are receding with redshift velocities. One high redshift object is visible in front of a low-redshift galaxy, therefore redshift doesn't measure the distance to the object, nor the velocity of the object, but only the velocity of the electrons in the near-side jets.
- Black holes and gravitons do not exist in the ways conventionally theorized, so measuring the universe with black holes is doubtful, especially since it likely accepts conventional redshift assumptions.
- Dark matter and dark energy don't exist, but they're assumed to account for the anomalous velocities of stars in the outer portions of galactic disks. However, the electrical force in Debye cells, i.e. ionized plasma cells in space, and the electric charge on stars already accounts for the anomalous velocities. See Charles Chandler's papers at qdl.scs-inc.us/?top=12692 .

REFERENCES
- A. Top 10 Discoveries of the Decade
Dec 12, 2012 03:00 AM ET
http://news.discovery.com/history/archa ... decade.htm
- B. 10 Of The Most Crucial Scientific Discoveries Of The 21st Century
https://peoplesearch.knoji.com/question ... st-century
- C. Top 10 Scientific Discoveries Of 2011
http://zidbits.com/2011/12/top-10-scien ... s-of-2011/
- D. Timeline of scientific discoveries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_ ... iscoveries
- E. Top 10 Scientific Breakthroughs Of 21st Century
https://exploredia.com/top-10-scientifi ... st-century
September 23, 2011

[Lloyd]

902
[See Part 1 above.]

TOP SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS Part 2
COMMENTS ON WIKIPEDIA'S LIST OF TOP SCIENTIFIC FINDINGS OF THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES
[Comments on each finding follow these marks: >>]

19th century Findings
1802 – Teleological evolution >> If life has only existed a few thousand years, then evolution would have to occur rapidly, if at all, which is possible.
1805 – Atomic Theory >> Yes, I guess this means the periodic table of elements.
1820 – Electromagnetism >> Yes, Forces were measured, but the process isn't yet well understood.
1824 – Heat engine Carnot cycle >> yes
1827 – Ohm's law (Electricity) >> yes
1827 – Avogadro's gas law >> yes
1828 – Urea >> yes
1830 - Non-Euclidean geometry >> No, It's imaginary, not real.
1831 – Electromagnetic induction >> yes, vaguely
1833 – Semiconductors >> yes
1833 – Enzyme, diastase >> yes
1838 – Plant cells >> yes
1838 – Stellar parallax >> No, only planets are close enough to be measured by parallax.
1842 – Doppler effect of sound waves >> yes
1843 – Conservation of energy >> yes
1846 – Neptune >> yes
1848 – absolute zero temperature >> yes, approx.
1858 – Cells arise from pre-existing cells >> yes
1859 – Theory of evolution >> See 1802.
1861 - Germ theory >> No, diseases are only partially caused by "germs", but mostly by poor nutrition and lifestyle. See Search box at http://mercola.com.
1864 – Theory of electromagnetism >> yes, vaguely
1865 – Mendel's laws of inheritance for genetics >> yes, close
1865 – Entropy >> yes, applicable to closed systems, apparently
1869 – Periodic table of elements >> yes
1871 – Diffuse sky radiation (Rayleigh scattering) >> No, see http://MilesMathis.com.
1873 – Thermionic emission >> yes, vaguely
1875 – Crookes tube and cathode rays >> yes, vaguely
1876 – Chemical thermodynamics phase rule >> Yes, I think that means solid, liquid, gas.
1877 – Statistical entropy >> Yes, or does that mean statistics lose energy?
1880 – Piezoelectricity >> yes
1887 – Aether disproof >> No, the MM experiment only disproved local aether wind, probably.
1888 – Liquid crystals >> yes
1895 – X-rays >> yes
1896 – Radioactivity >> yes
1897 – Electron >> Yes, but they don't orbit; instead atoms rotate. See 1871.
1898 – Plum pudding model of atoms >> No, see 1897.
1898 – Elements polonium & radium >> yes
1900 – Planck's law of black body radiation >> yes, vaguely

20th century Findings
1905 – Theories of special relativity, Brownian motion, & photoelectric effect >> yes, vaguely
1906 – Third law of thermodynamics >> yes, I guess
1907 – Arsphenamine, first modern medicine >> No, any drug that has side effects is poisonous and not healthful. See 1861.
1909 – Haber Process to make ammonia >> yes
1909 – Charge on an electron >> yes
1911 – Atomic nucleus >> yes
1911 – Superconductivity >> yes
1912 – Continental drift >> Yes, but it occurred rapidly, not gradually. See http://NewGeology.us.
1912 – X-ray diffraction >> yes
1913 – Nuclear atomic number >> yes
1913 – Model of atom >> No, see 1871.
1915 – Theory of general relativity >> No, doubtful, see 1871.
1915 – Schwarzschild radius >> No, see 1871.
1918 – Limits of conservation laws >> yes, I guess
1920 – Theory of stellar nuclear power >> No, not from the Sun's core, but from the boundary between the positive top electrical double-layer and the next deeper negative double-layer. See http://qdl.scs-inc.us/?top=5237 .
1922 – Insulin for diabetes >> Yes, but diabetes is caused mainly by excess fructose, mostly from table sugar, so reducing fructose or sucrose intake usually prevents it. See 1861.
1924 – Pauli exclusion principle >> yes
1924 – Galaxies >> yes
1925 – Schrödinger equation (Quantum mechanics) >> No, see 1871.
1925 – Elemental composition of Sun & Universe >> yes
1927 – Uncertainty principle (Quantum mechanics) >> No, see 1871.
1927 – Theory of Big Bang >> No, redshift is caused by velocity of bipolar jets, not velocity or distance of objects.
1928 – Dirac equation (Quantum mechanics) >> No, see 1871.
1929 – Expanding universe >> No, see 1927.
1928 – Penicillin, first antibiotic >> Yes, but antibiotics destroy good gut bacteria, causing Leaky Gut and Allergies, etc. Probiotics should always accompany antibiotics, or alternatives to antibiotics should be used. See 1861.
1929 – Potential fourth law of thermodynamics >> I don't know.
1932 – Neutron >> yes
1934 – Calorie restriction for maximum lifespan >> Yes, see 1861.
1938 – Nuclear fission >> yes
1938 – Nuclear magnetic resonance >> yes
1943 – DNA as genetic material >> Maybe, but so far all DNA is known to do is code for protein synthesis within cells.
1945 - Mass production of penicillin >> Yes, but the cost/benefit ratio needs to be determined.
1947 – Transistor >> yes
1948 – Mathematical Information theory >> I don't know.
1948 – Quantum electrodynamics >> No, see 1871.
1951 – First cancer cell line, HeLa >> Yes, but it's useless. See 1861.
1952 – Polio vaccine >> It has done much more harm than good. See 1861.
1953 – Helical structure of DNA >> yes
1963 – Paleomagnetic stripes in ocean crust >> Yes, but they formed rapidly, not gradually. See 1912a.
1964 – Theory of subatomic quarks >> No, there are no quarks. See 1871.
1964 – CMBR: Universal cosmic microwave background radiation >> No, it's not cosmic background radiation; it's locally produced radiation within the galaxy or the solar system. See 1871.
1965 – Hayflick limit of cell divisions >> yes, I guess
1967 – Pulsar: rapidly pulsing star >> Yes, but they're not neutron stars; they're exotics. See http://qdl.scs-inc.us/?top=5738 .
1983 – Polymerase chain reaction in molecular biology >> yes, I guess
1986 – High-temperature superconductivity >> yes
1994 - Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem >> I don't know
1995 – First exoplanet >> yes
1995 - First Bose-Einstein Condensate with atomic gases >> I don't know
1997 – Cloned sheep >> yes
1997 – Top quark >> No, see 1871.
1998 – Dark Energy & High-Z Supernova: accelerated expansion of Universe >> No, see http://qdl.scs-inc.us/?top=9273 .
2000 – Tau neutrino >> No, see 1871.

[Lloyd]

960
New calculations show Earth's core is much younger than thought (some say it's younger than the surface!)
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-earth-core ... ought.html

Supermassive Black Holes (or something) in 'Red Geyser' Galaxies Cause Galactic Warming
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 132805.htm

Stars with planets on strange orbits: what's going on?
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-stars-plan ... rbits.html

A history of snowfall on Greenland, hidden in ancient leaf waxes
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-history-sn ... cient.html

Evidence of Ice Age at Martian North Pole
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 151929.htm

Life on Ceres? Mysterious changes in the bright spots still baffle scientists
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-life-ceres ... affle.html

Return of superstar supernova raises doubt about its identity
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ret ... s-identity

Early Neanderthals Built Stalagmite Ring-Like Structures 176,500 Years Ago (or maybe 5,000 years ago)
http://www.sci-news.com/archaeology/ear ... 03896.html

3-D Model Reveals How Invisible Waves Move Materials Within Aquatic Ecosystems
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 190516.htm

Water on the moon?
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-moon.html

Exoplanet in our solar system
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-theft-planet-solar.html

Stellar object IRAS 14568-6304 ejects gas across 180 light years
http://phys.org/news/2016-05-image-stel ... jects.html

King Tut's Blade Made of Meteorite
http://www.seeker.com/king-tuts-space-b ... 00657.html

DNA Captured From 2,500-Year-Old Phoenician
http://www.seeker.com/dna-captured-from ... 78957.html

How Early Civilizations Created Monsters From Dinosaur Bones
http://www.seeker.com/how-early-civiliz ... 34269.html