EU Breakthrough? - Gravity is Electro-Magnetic

[Chromium6]

So Oracle_911 are you similar to Le Sage then and his "push gravity"?

http://redshift.vif.com/BookBlurbs/PushingGravity.htm

Halton Arp:
http://www.haltonarp.com/articles/the_o ... ge_gravity

[Oracle_911]

So Oracle_911 are you similar to Le Sage then and his "push gravity"?

http://redshift.vif.com/BookBlurbs/PushingGravity.htm

Halton Arp:
http://www.haltonarp.com/articles/the_o ... ge_gravity

Gravity is like a surface tension in my theory. Question is the surface tension is pushing or pulling?

For example droplets of mercury droplets, they have tendency to aggregate and forming bigger drops-lots of videos about it so don't try it at home. If a smaller drop touches a bigger drop, they forms a bigger drop. Question is the smaller drop was sucked in or pulled into the bigger drop by surface tension?
It was pushed into the bigger drop.

So in matter is lot of aether(matter act like a sponge), because of this around the object is formed a bubble off denser aether (connection with heating), these bubbles are tending minimize the surface tensions so they will aggregate.
In other words there is a pressure difference between aether pressure of the close vicinity of object and distant vicinity of object.

[Chromium6]

Gravity is like a surface tension in my theory. Question is the surface tension is pushing or pulling?

For example droplets of mercury droplets, they have tendency to aggregate and forming bigger drops-lots of videos about it so don't try it at home. If a smaller drop touches a bigger drop, they forms a bigger drop. Question is the smaller drop was sucked in or pulled into the bigger drop by surface tension?
It was pushed into the bigger drop.

So in matter is lot of aether(matter act like a sponge), because of this around the object is formed a bubble off denser aether (connection with heating), these bubbles are tending minimize the surface tensions so they will aggregate.
In other words there is a pressure difference between aether pressure of the close vicinity of object and distant vicinity of object.

Okay, there's also Majorana. Besides "push-pull" we have the "outside generation-internal generation" as well. I see the idea of "surface tension". You might find some maths in Majorana that could be looked at:
http://www.ghtc.usp.br/server/relat-rm/majorana2.htm

I guess you've probably have looked over De Aquino's publications. He points to inertial mass as a major factor. It would be cool to see a real experiment on youtube. He works with a low-pressure mercury plasma to get stated effects:

http://users.elo.com.br/~deaquino/New%20paper%20II.pdf


---
Wikipedia on Quirino Majorana:

He performed a long series of very sensitive gravity shielding experiments from 1918 to 1922, which have never been reproduced. Majorana's experiments determined that mercury or lead around a suspended lead sphere acted as a screen and slightly decreased the Earth's gravitational pull.[2] No attempts have been made to reproduce his results using the same experimental techniques. Other researchers have concluded from other data that if gravitational absorption does exist it must be at least five orders of magnitude smaller than Majorana's experiments suggest.[3]

Critical of Albert Einstein's relativity theory, he tried to disprove Einstein’s postulate on the constancy of the speed of light, but he failed and therefore his experiments confirmed Einstein's postulate.[4] [5] Majorana also confirmed Isaac Newton’s law of universal gravitation to high precision.[6][7][8]

His later work at Bologna was influenced by correspondence with his nephew Ettore Majorana (1906–1938), a great physicist in his own right.[

[Oracle_911]

Chromium do you know what material was put between the lead block and earth?
Because electric charge and its distribution can affect the experiment.

[Chromium6]

Chromium do you know what material was put between the lead block and earth?
Because electric charge and its distribution can affect the experiment.

Looks like he had several issues related to his experiments.

To perform the second experiment Majorana employed a shielding mass made of lead
of 9603 kg, about 92 times greater than the previous one (Fig. 7).
---
In addition to the mentioned researches Majorana performed some other experiments
in 1921-22[29], which turned out to be in good agreement with his previous results. As in the
first experiment, in his third attempt Majorana employed a relatively small shielding mass
(about 180 kg), after realizing the difficulties of operating with very large masses [33].
Moreover, Majorana carefully avoided to employ ferromagnetic materials and tried to
increase greatly the sensibility of his apparatus by means of multiple reflections of the ray
reflected by the mirror fixed to the beam of the balance. In this experiment, Majorana
obtained an estimate for h of 2.8´10-12 cm2 g -1, much closer to the second than to the first
estimate he had obtained. In his fourth experiment Majorana employed again the mercury as
absorbing material [33] using an apparatus very similar to the one he had employed in the
first experiment. Majorana highly prized his previous experiences and carefully avoided to
use ferromagnetic materials; moreover he adopted some solutions already employed in the
second experiment. Even with this apparatus Majorana did not obtain conclusive results
about the phenomenon, but succeeded anyway in confirming at least quantitatively his
previous results, by evidencing an effect of gravitational absorption.
The idea of an absorption of the gravity by the particles of matter never left him for
the rest of his scientific life, and he would have resumed this topic in a series of papers
published between the end of ‘40s and the beginning of ‘50s [31],[32], but in a manner more
speculative than experimental

I'm reading this conference publication on Majorana's experiments:

http://sci-ed.org/Conference-2004/Proce ... ragoni.pdf

In his autobiographical notes, Majorana recalls the origin of his researches about
relativity: “Since then (the appearance of the theory) I was struck by the innovating boldness
of the German physicist, which was not grounded upon any new experimental or natural
phenomenon. Thus, I doubted, like many other physicists, of the reliability of his theories. I
think that my attitude was the result of my particular method of research, always grounded
on the observation of real facts, even if their ultimate essence may be hidden to the human
faculty of reason”[6].

Thus, Majorana’s experimental attitude must be examined within a cultural context which
was, even near the Twenties, strongly anti- relavitistic4. Majorana himself contributed in
describing the attitude of those years: “even if (the relativistic theories) ... are widely
appreciated and trusted among mathematical physicists, mathematicians and, partially,
astronomers, they are not accepted, at least frankly, by the majority of experimental
physicists”[7].

----

In the first experiment, which started in October 1918 and was completed in July
1919 Majorana employed a Rueprecht balance with a beam of 26 cm and about 1 kg of
capacity (Figure 6). The mass m was a lead sphere with a diameter of 60 mm suspended to
the balance by means of a brass wire enclosed in a glass tube: the mass was inside a
spherical cavity surrounded by a wooden cylindrical vessel where Majorana could make
flow in and out a mass of 104 kg of mercury.

He had to deal with enormous experimental difficulties, due to the smallness of the
effect to be measured. First of all, he had to find the way of making a vacuum inside the
glass vessel containing the system formed by the balance and the mass m; this was necessary
because it was impossible to avoid small differences of temperature in the mercury, when it
flowed in and out, and this in turn gave rise to small but significant variations of the
buoyancy acting on m due to the presence of the air. Then Majorana had to make sure that
the symmetry of the system formed by the sphere and the cylindrical vessel was enough to
avoid any momentum acting on m.

The position of the beam of the balance could be determined through the
displacement of a light ray reflected by a small mirror fixed to the beam; the displacement
could be read on a graduated scale distant 12 m from the experimental apparatus. Majorana
was even compelled to carefully select the kind of the electric light bulb employed to
generate the light ray, as in some cases the white-hot filament underwent a displacement,
giving rise to a displacement in the zero position of the balance. Another source of instability
was given by even very small mechanical movements, which affected the building of the
Institute itself due to the passage of carriages and cars in the adjacent streets. Thus Majorana
decided to execute the experiments overnight or in the days of general strike, very frequent
in July 1918-9. Finally, Majorana had to evaluate carefully the sensibility of the balance
(which tended to change with and without charge) and the mechanical action on the floor
exerted by the mercury entering the vessel: the floor sank approximately 2 mm and the
weight of m was fictitiously increased due to the presence of the mercury. Majorana solved
this problem with a total mechanical de-coupling between the balance and the vessel.

After repeated series of measures (some thousands of observations), Majorana
obtained an experimental estimate for the gravitational absorption. He then examined all the
possible sources of systematic errors, in order to evaluate their magnitude and to remove
them from the final result. It was in this long and difficult process that Majorana showed his
enormous skill as an experimenter, which allowed him to discover and evaluate very subtle
effects. In fact, he had first to examine the gravitational force deriving from possible lack of
symmetry between masses and the effect of the instability of the equilibrium position of the
balance; in addition to this Majorana had to estimate the gravitational effect of the mercury
on the various masses: this was complicated by the fact that the two different positions of the
mercury during the experiment had to be taken into account.

[Chromium6]

Gravity is of infinite radius?

http://www.5th-state-of-matter.info/5th-state.html

http://www.5th-state-of-matter.com/down ... _state.pdf


The 5th state of matter

Summary: beautiful filament-systems are often shown by the astonishing development of the modern astronomy. Most of these filaments have an exact circular cross section. Filaments have the same interesting characteristics from a diameter of 0.01 mm to that of many 1000 of light-years. Filaments are incorrectly seen to be of plasma, however, particles move in only one direction in them, often against gravity. In this non-thermal (fifth-) state of matter, particles have up to 1016 -times higher energy than those in the hottest stellar plasma. The corona-problem and hundreds of other problems of astrophysics are solved at once. Only six states of matter are possible, all are briefly described.

Arp's comments make me wonder if the "filament" and the graviton share the same properties?

Since the time of the 18th century Genevan physicist, Le Sage, many people have considered what is apparently the only alternative to "pulling" gravity, i.e. "pushing gravity". My attention, however, was belatedly called to it by articles in Tom Van Flandern's Meta Research bulletin. The key point for me was that its force behaved "inversely as the square of the separation" a point which I had not bothered to work out. The force (be with you) is transmitted by a surrounding sea of much faster than light gravitons. Van Flandern (1998) calculates > 2x1010c. So we can have as "nearly instantaneous" action as we wish and yet not abandon the concept of causality.

Of course it interesting to comment on some of the doctrinal problems of the imminently deceased relativity theory. Are inertial and gravitational mass the same? Since the atoms of a feather and of a lead ball are made of the same electrons, protons and neutrons, we will have, to some orders anyway, the same force applied by the absorption from the surrounding sea of gravitons. So the equivalence principle holds. But only if the absorption of gravitons, and subsequent impetus, is proportional to inertial mass.

My own working hypothesis for gravity is now that gravitons are very low mass particles with a huge De Broglie wavelength compared to photons. Since their wavelength is so long they have much less interaction with the intergalactic medium. So they far exceed the normal velocity of light in "vacuum" (i.e. the vacuum that light in our locality of the universe sees). In other words the photon is transmitted through the average cosmic false vacuum, material vacuum or zero point energy field - to use just a few names given to the old fashioned concept of "aether". But the graviton interacts with much less of this molasses and hence moves much faster. One might speculate that there is a vast amount of matter in the universe which radiates at very long wavelengths.

Perhaps it is time to wander back to the observations with our new hypothesis in hand. Since the particles of matter in the universe grow as they age and communicate with ever more distant parts of the universe they have to receive information. In the variable mass theory this electromagnetic communication is at the speed of light, c. The gravitons travelling much faster than the speed of light, however, must also carry information. (No one could argue that knowledge of the direction of an adjoining mass is not information). So the old relativistic shibboleth "information cannot be transmitted faster than the speed of light" falls by the wayside. Recent experiments with entangled quantum states may also be indicating this.

[mpc755]

Gravity is like a surface tension in my theory. Question is the surface tension is pushing or pulling?

Gravity is a push.

'Ether and the Theory of Relativity by Albert Einstein'
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~his ... ether.html

"the state of the [ether] is at every place determined by connections with the matter and the state of the ether in neighbouring places, ... disregarding the causes which condition its state."

The state of the aether at every place determined by connections with the matter and the state of the aether in neighboring places is the state of displacement of the aether.

What is presently postulated as non-baryonic dark matter is aether. Aether has mass. Aether physically occupies three dimensional space. Aether is physically displaced by matter. Aether displaced by matter pushes back toward the matter.

This is what Voyager found evidence of.

'NASA's Voyager Hits New Region at Solar System Edge'
http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/de ... yager.html

"Voyager is showing that what is outside is pushing back. ... Like cars piling up at a clogged freeway off-ramp, the increased intensity of the magnetic field shows that inward pressure from interstellar space is compacting it."

The aether displaced by the solar system is pushing back and exerting inward pressure toward the solar system. This is gravity.

Displaced aether pushing back toward matter is gravity.

[querious]

The difference between repulsion and attraction can probably be explained by the magnets not being completely saturated.
In the repulsive arrangement, any "loose" domains will tend to flip, anti-aligned, reducing the strength of both magnets.
In the attractive mode, the loose domains in each will tend to ALIGN with the field, enhancing the attraction.

For the same reason, iron is only attracted to a magnet.

I doubt you'd see the same behavior with air-core electromagnets, because there are no loose domains to consider.

Dave

[Chromium6]

I was looking around and found this pretty interesting:

Deriving Newton's Gravitational Law from a Le Sage Mechanism

http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Materi ... ravity.pdf

"If one postulates that there exists a fluidic medium (aether)..."

They explore the idea of net fluxes.

[mpc755]

Where La Sage's theory of gravity is incorrect is in thinking gravity is caused by tiny particles.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Sage%27 ... sic_theory

"The theory posits that the force of gravity is the result of tiny particles (corpuscles) moving at high speed in all directions, throughout the universe. The intensity of the flux of particles is assumed to be the same in all directions, so an isolated object A is struck equally from all sides, resulting in only an inward-directed pressure but no net directional force (P1)."

Aether has mass and physically occupies three dimensional space. Aether is physically displaced by matter.

Gravity is the inward-directed pressure displaced aether exerts toward matter.

[Bengt Nyman]

Where La Sage's theory of gravity is incorrect is in ...

Why are you guys still playing with 300 year old misconceptions ?
We know today what causes Gravity. It isn't La Sage or anybody else's particles. It isn't Einsteinian space-time. It is electrostatic dipole posturing that causes gravity as well as other inter-particle interactions including strong force.

[mpc755]

Where La Sage's theory of gravity is incorrect is in ...

Why are you guys still playing with 300 year old misconceptions ?
We know today what causes Gravity. It isn't La Sage or anybody else's particles. It isn't Einsteinian space-time. It is electrostatic dipole posturing that causes gravity as well as other inter-particle interactions including strong force.

The following article describes the aether as an incompressible fluid resulting in what the article refers to as gravitational aether caused by pressure (or vorticity).

'Phenomenology of Gravitational Aether as a solution to the Old Cosmological Constant Problem'
http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.3955

"One proposal to address this puzzle at the semi-classical level is to decouple quantum vacuum from space-time geometry via a modification of gravity that includes an incompressible fluid, known as Gravitational Aether. In this paper, we discuss classical predictions of this theory along with its compatibility with cosmological and experimental tests of gravity. We argue that deviations from General Relativity (GR) in this theory are sourced by pressure or vorticity."

The following article describes gravity as a pressure exerted by aether toward matter.

'The aether-modified gravity and the G ̈del metric'
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.5654v2

"As for the pressure, it is equal to p = 53−αg,6a2 so, it is positive if αg < 3 which is the weaker condition than the previous one. One notes that the results corresponding to the usual gravity are easily recovered. Also, it is easy to see that the interval αg < 15 corresponds to the usual matter."

The following article describes a gravitating vacuum where aether is the quantum vacuum of the 21-st century.

'From Analogue Models to Gravitating Vacuum'
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.1155

"The aether of the 21-st century is the quantum vacuum, which is a new form of matter. This is the real substance"

The following articles describe what is presently postulated as dark matter is aether.

'Quantum aether and an invariant Planck scale'
http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.3753

"this version of aether may have some bearing on the abundance of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in our universe."

"mass of the aether"

'Scalars, Vectors and Tensors from Metric-Affine Gravity'
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1110.5168

"the model obtained here gets closer to the aether theory of , which is shown therein to be an alternative to the cold dark matter."

'Unified model for dark matter and quintessence'
http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0610135

"Superfluid dark matter is reminiscent of the aether and modeling the universe using superfluid aether is compatible."

'Vainshtein mechanism in Gauss-Bonnet gravity and Galileon aether'
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1107.1892

"the perturbations of the scalar field do not propagate in the Minkowski space-time but rather in some form of ”aether” because of the presence of the background field"

[Bengt Nyman]

I fully agree about the possible connections between free dark energy strings in space, and loose dark matter woven from energy strings. Call it aether or not. However, here is the problem: If we disregard little steps of progress made in different areas of physics and insist that the explanation to everything is the same old theory of everything that we have had forever, we will never make any progress.
Accept the fact that we know what causes gravity. Refine the new aether models to explain what we still do not know, including energy partial pressures and redshift by energy interactions rather than by relative velocities and accelerations alone. Maybe then we get something new to work with, and can take another little step toward better understanding our electric universe.

[mpc755]

Accept the fact that we know what causes gravity.

'We' know what causes gravity and that is aether displaced by matter pushes back and exerts inward pressure toward matter.

[Bengt Nyman]

'We' know what causes gravity ...

Oh, sorry Michael ! Didn't recognize you there at first.