Quantum Mechanics Linear Thread

[junglelord]

A new theory of the origin of cancer: quantum coherent entanglement, centrioles, mitosis, and differentiation

Malignant cells are characterized by abnormal segregation of chromosomes during mitosis (“aneuploidy”), generally considered a result of malignancy originating in genetic mutations. However, recent evidence supports a century-old concept that maldistribution of chromosomes (and resultant genomic instability) due to abnormalities in mitosis itself is the primary cause of malignancy rather than a mere byproduct. In normal mitosis chromosomes replicate into sister chromatids which are then precisely separated and transported into mirror-like sets by structural protein assemblies called mitotic spindles and centrioles, both composed of microtubules. The elegant yet poorly understood ballet-like movements and geometric organization occurring in mitosis have suggested guidance by some type of organizing field, however neither electromagnetic nor chemical gradient fields have been demonstrated or shown to be sufficient. It is proposed here that normal mirror-like mitosis is organized by quantum coherence and quantum entanglement among microtubule-based centrioles and mitotic spindles which ensure precise, complementary duplication of daughter cell genomes and recognition of daughter cell boundaries. Evidence and theory supporting organized quantum states in cytoplasm/nucleoplasm (and quantum optical properties of centrioles in particular) at physiological temperature are presented. Impairment of quantum coherence and/or entanglement among microtubule-based mitotic spindles and centrioles can result in abnormal distribution of chromosomes, abnormal differentiation and uncontrolled growth, and account for all aspects of malignancy. New approaches to cancer therapy and stem cell production are suggested via non-thermal laser-mediated effects aimed at quantum optical states of centrioles.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_o ... c4f559abc4

[junglelord]

Quantum Levitation

Quantum levitation by left-handed metamaterials and macroscopic invisibility.

Abstract. Left-handed metamaterials make perfect lenses that image classical electromagnetic fields with significantly higher resolution than the diffraction limit. Here, we consider the quantum physics of such devices. We show that the Casimir force of two conducting plates may turn from attraction to repulsion if a perfect lens is sandwiched between them. For optical left-handed metamaterials, this repulsive force of the quantum vacuum may levitate ultra-thin mirrors.


Left-handed metamaterials [1]–[3] are known to make perfect lenses [4] that image classical electromagnetic fields with higher resolution than the diffraction limit. Here, we consider the quantum physics of such devices, in particular how they modify the zero-point energy of the electromagnetic field and the resulting mechanical force of the quantum vacuum, the Casimir force [5]–[9]. We show that the Casimir force of two conducting plates may turn from attraction to repulsion if a perfect lens is sandwiched between them. For optical left-handed metamaterials [10]–[14], this repulsive force of the quantum vacuum may levitate ultra-thin mirrors on, literally, nothing. The usually attractive vacuum forces [6], the Casimir and the related van der Waals force [6], are significant on the length scale of nanomachines [9]; so ideas for manipulating vacuum forces may find applications in nanotechnology [15].

Repulsive Casimir forces [16]–[22] have been predicted to occur between two different extended dielectric plates, in the extreme case [17] between one dielectric with infinite electric permittivity and another one with infinite magnetic permeability μ. They have not been practical yet and are subject to controversy [19, 20]. The closely related case of repulsive van der Waals forces has been studied as well [23]. Here, we consider a different situation inspired by Casimir's original idea [5]: imagine instead of two extended dielectric plates two perfect conductors with a metamaterial sandwiched in between for which = μ = –1 (figure 1(A)). Such materials can be made of nanofabricated metal structures [10]–[14]. One of the conducting plates may be very thin and movable, which gives a key advantage in observing repulsive vacuum forces.

In the following, we develop a visual argument why the Casimir force in this set-up is repulsive. We utilize the fact that a slab of a metamaterial with = μ = –1 acts as a transformation medium [24]. Transformation media [24, 25] map electromagnetic fields in physical space to the electromagnetism of empty flat spaceNote1 . Such media are at the heart of macroscopic invisibility devices [25], [27]–[29]. Note that electromagnetic analogues of the event horizon [30, 31] are also manifestations of transformation media [24].

A transformation medium performs an active coordinate transformation: electromagnetism in physical space, including the effect of the medium, is equivalent to electromagnetism in transformed coordinates where space appears to be empty. The sole function of the device is to facilitate this transformation. For example, a metamaterial with = μ = –1 of thickness b (figure 1(A)) transforms the Cartesian coordinate x into x '
http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1367-2630 ... 8_254.html