RADIANT PRESSURE MODEL OF REMOTE FORCES

[david lambright]

Lizzie, EXCELLENT thread, thanks ...david

[kevin]

David,
TIME,
Think of why leedskalnin chose to operate at night?
Why there is less light at night?
Think of time flowing along field provided pathways, and due to phase conjugation the flows are going in both directions at once, but a fractional out of balance creates time.
You may be locally altering time relative to the field you are creating.
Open ended generators used to appear to dissappear when running, can You see a split second ago, or a split second forward?
The generators do not make electricity, they merely compress time, it then seeks to normalise to the dominant field flows it is in.
Light may be a stress of where time reversed spirals meet, We simply have never considered about time, which it is.
Just My strange opinion of course.
Kevin

[GaryN]

Be careful with time, Kevin.

A Time Dimension Forbids Motion or the Case of the Missing Time Dimension

What I am about to say may sound amazing but do not take my word for it. Figure it out on your own, for your own satisfaction. The moment one postulates the physical existence of a time dimension (as in string theory, for example), motion immediately becomes an impossibility. Note that, in this context, dimension is defined as a degree of freedom such as an axis in a coordinate system. And it is not a matter of motion in time being possible in one direction only as most people assume. A time dimension forbids motion altogether, forward or backward, or any other direction. Conclusion: There is no time dimension along which we move in one direction or the other. There is only the ever changing present. The so-called "arrow of time" is an absurdity and to speak of the possibility of time travel through wormholes is the ultimate in crackpottery.

http://www.rebelscience.org/Crackpots/notorious.htm

[kevin]

GaryN,
I have no fear of TIME.
Nothing physical is moving, time flows in geometry, I know that geometry.
All of time exists at once, We are switching with the flows of here and now, it's quite a strange thing when You view another time, it leads you to fabulous places such as this forum, as You KNOW things ain't what they seem to be.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2xODjbfYw8
Kevin

[webolife]

With you 100%.
Time is the holding force of the universe, instantaneously the geometry of the far and near.
There is no past or future, only the eternal present. While the universe moves through time, time does not and cannot move at all. It is not a dimension, and yet it is all dimensions of the universal matrix, the [dare I say it?] true aether.

[lizzie]

Is Time a process formed by wave particle duality
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrmqbccZKRI

White Holes and Wormholes
http://casa.colorado.edu/~ajsh/schww.html

The Schwarzschild metric admits negative square root as well as positive square root solutions for the geometry.

The complete Schwarzschild geometry consists of a black hole, a white hole, and two Universes connected at their horizons by a wormhole.

The negative square root solution inside the horizon represents a white hole. A white hole is a black hole running backwards in time. Just as black holes swallow things irretrievably, so also do white holes spit them out. White holes cannot exist, since they violate the second law of thermodynamics.

General Relativity is time symmetric. It does not know about the second law of thermodynamics, and it does not know about which way cause and effect go. But we do.

The negative square root solution outside the horizon represents another Universe. The wormhole joining the two separate Universes is known as the Einstein-Rosen bridge.

[lizzie]

About Gravity, Inertia and Mass
http://www.molecularstation.com/forum/p ... -mass.html

Einstein presented a different notion of the universe with his 1920 essay "Ether and the Theory of Relativity". What he termed the 'gravitational ether' came from a completely different idea. Motion and particulation, he said, can't be applied as properties of the aether because it is one and has no components. This oneness can be used to explain action at a distance and inertia.

CMBR is material, and Einstein's aether is physical but immaterial. First there needs to be an aether before we can have fields, spacetime, matter or a CMBR.

Physical because it helps determine ratios like the permittivity and permeability of free space, ratios on which the existence and behavior of all fields entirely depend. Without fields you can't have any type of matter/particle. And immaterial because it lacks properties like extension or motion, it does not move and it has no parts or components in the material sense.

Extension is a material property not applicable to the aether. Density is also a non-applicable property when defining the aether, it is only applicable when describing matter. Space (CMBR) is material. Space and matter are inseparable, and properties like density and extension do apply.

Einstein's Gravitational Aether is the background, it is physical but immaterial, it lacks any landmarks, therefore the Universe, in a material sense, is background free. There isn't an absolute time because there is no preferred frame.

Einstein's Aether is more akin to Newton's absolute space than most people think (this is why he sees it as background free), but it is imbued with Mach's reciprocity between matter and space, and relativation. It is Newton's absolute space mixed with Mach's aether.

The reason that, in Einstein's spacetime, frames must be related is because it all comes from a single entity, reality is one single process. All frames within the observable universe are related through the aether. All frames depend, in every way, on the aether.

Relativity can only refer to relative time or length because it is the description of a whole where objects are physically dependent on each other. In other words, if an object could be conceived to be accelerating in a perfectly empty void, independently from any object or frame of reference, it could not experience any changes in time or length, but because objects are embedded in a continuous field, a metric which represents the whole, and because the whole's energy is finite, objects exhibit relativistic effects in relation to each other. Because the propagation speed of fields (and light) is not relative (frame independent), and because of wholeness, homogeneity and a physical need to abide by the laws of thermodynamics, we have covariance.

This is probably what triggered Einstein's interest in Bohm's 'undivided wholeness'. He understood that for there to be a continuum, and for Relativity to hold, the Universe must be conceived as a whole. He eventually became a Pantheist, he simply saw no other choice. Why else would an object's dimensions depend on its surroundings if it wasn't for this wholeness?

If the aether were not physically finite, then why must we include covariance when describing the motion of a material system under acceleration? The aether is a physically finite substance, but is spatially unbounded. If the aether were not physically finite, then why would the equivalency principle be necessary when describing the motion of a material system under acceleration? Still, it can be conceived as infinitely divisible, or indivisible; simply because it is immaterial. Space (CMBR) is material and spatially bounded, in other words, you can speak about space in terms of size and separation. Because the aether is physically finite, matter is also finite, but infinite as a function of time and transformation. Nature is the perpetual motion machine.

But we have to be careful with meanings here. What Einstein was referring to as 'empty space' is more akin to nothingness than the empty space we usually talk about. Remember that at the time Einstein wrote "The Ether and the Theory of Relativity" QED was probably only a crackpot's dream. He thought that, in order to obtain an empty space, it was possible to extract all matter from a given volume. It wasn't until Timothy Boyer that we began to understand the different meanings of 'empty space'.

We must not confuse the concept of space outlined by QED with Einstein's gravitational aether. CMBR is an observable material phenomena with mechanical properties like density and pressure. The gravitational aether is a physical but, non-material, non-measurable, non-observable, yet very real substance.

Problems arise when you fail to grasp the notion, which arises from Relativity that Einstein's space doesn't exist by itself, neither does time nor matter. Space is an extension of matter. Space tells matter what to do, and matter tells space what to do, they can't exist independently from each other. Matter and space are one and the same, and time is just a product arising from the process and activity it takes to inform and create reality.

"Reality is not about things, it is about process" -------- Lee Smolin

Inertia, as conceived by Galileo, meant a resistance to change, and process is synonymous to change. Reality is process and gravity and inertia are products of this process. Inertia is the result of 'aether drag', a resistance to change in space flow rate, into and from the particle, as the particle moves through space/medium.

Inertia comes from the tension or 'informational lag' created by a system as it changes its rate of space/information flow, or... as it accelerates within the chaotic medium, not from particles colliding against accelerating objects. It is a momentum/information exchange, through EMR, between a particle and space, as they continuously need to reset their spatial relationships in order for thermodynamic laws to hold as required by the Equivalency Principle. (Unruh-Davies radiation and Timothy Boyer's 'equilibrium spectrum')

While a particle is moving at a constant speed and all the geometrical parameters are set, it won't experience any inertial forces, but as it accelerates and the relationships change, it needs to keep adjusting to its new energy/space consumption settings. That's why relativistic effects are so real. When accelerated in relation to other particles, space shrinks, time slows down and mass (process) grows within the particle to balance energy usage in momentum space and maintain its dependence and relation to spacetime in accordance to energy conservation laws.

There is a delay as matter reaches thermal equilibrium with its surroundings. We experience it as inertia. This is the nature of Timothy Boyer's 'equilibrium spectrum'. It takes time for any moving object to reach thermal equilibrium with its surroundings, as it jumps from frame to frame in spacetime! Each frame being, in reality, marked by the collapse of each matter wave-front, like a quantum clock, as inwardly flowing matter-waves bring within them some of the information necessary for each quantization, before completing each objective state. Each object having its own rate, its own wavelength, or, its own pulse, so to speak.

Information about a material system must be contained within the system; it doesn't come from anywhere else in space. The only external information being brought to the system by EM waves is the momentum and the location of the particle in relation to the world. And this system must be comprised by a particle and its particular inwardly flowing, concentric, spherical matter-waves. Thus, gravitation may be viewed as drag caused by radial space/information flow. Information which is picked and organized by concentric waves as space is condensed into the particle/system. But the parts (not the information) to construct and maintain the system intact, as it moves through the medium, come from the chaotic hyperspace. CMBR is in charge of communications. Also, CMBR is the material space from where that new geometrical information is created and incorporated into the system as it moves through spacetime. ZPF is the prime matter with which volumes are created.

Gravitation is caused by radial space/information flow as space from hyperspace is converted to spacetime and matter by an autopoietic process which is driven by Logic (Syntax and Topology) and the laws of thermodynamics.

Mass is caused by the continuous internal process occurring within matter as space/information radially flows towards the center of all matter as it precipitates from hyperspace into spacetime. Mass and inertia are by-products of a quantum mechanical process where a drag force is created by the continuous inwardly flow of space/information into matter. Mass is equivalent to process. And we only have mass in spacetime after particles are fully formed.

Mass is the result of matter's field interactions within itself and the space in which it sits. Matter is a continuous - time dependent - self-organizing process. Particles, as they move through the CMBR, need to continuously re-ordinate the space that constitutes them.

Particles are in constant motion, continuously processing space/information. Matter arises from this process, and mass increases directly proportional to the amount of process. This is why the denser a particle is, or the faster it moves in a given frame of reference, the more massive it becomes.

When a particle is moving at a constant rate there is no informational lag created by space/information flow within the particle, its spatial energetic relationships remain constant, but as the particle is accelerated the energetic relations between the particle and space will be in a constant state of change causing this space/information
flow tension we call inertia.

There are matter waves and EMR between you and everything around you flowing towards and outwards everything, including yourself. EMR 'bounces' off, picking and transmitting information regarding each surrounding object's objective state, while matter waves flow inwardly, towards each object, also bringing information about the environment, as objects continuously crystallize into spacetime.

Each object, according to its own material properties, will consequently exhibit its own inertial properties, like its own weight and momentum.

The objective state of an object is instantaneously and holistically transferred to the whole object, including its matter-wave, through space, as a non-local, non-linear function, by a mechanism of wave superpositions. This non-locality is possible thanks to the aether's oneness.

[lizzie]

Adams Science
http://www.adamadams.net/Site_EN/Texts/ ... Proof.html

The fundamental element of the cosmos is space. Space is the all-embracing principle of a higher unity. Nothing can exist without space. Space is the condition for everything that exists, in material or immaterial form, because we cannot imagine an object or a subject without space. According to old Indian tradition the universe reveals itself in two fundamental qualities: as movement and as something in which movement is taking place, namely space. This space is called “Akasa” and is such through things that appear visual; through which they possess corporeality or extensiveness.

What the Western man calls God (or in other cultures Allah, Jehovah, etc) is nothing else than the “empty space” that filled the universe “before” creation is the pure objective that creates, that reaches out to find the material side and which binds and expresses itself with all that is being created. This “empty space” is apparent in everything, from the biggest object to the smallest subject. This empty air (or whatever you do call the first dimension SPACE) is the basis, the fundament of everything that exists. It is never born and it never dies, it is unchangeable, eternal, infinite not divisible. It is apparent in the whole of existence, in the stars, the planets, in a cloud, in your left toe, so in your right ear, in a cup of tea. It is everywhere. It manifests itself by expression in the being. Or: we exist for greater part out of Him and at the same time we are in Him.

It is also called the Zero-Point-Energy (ZPE). It is what the Russian scientist Nicolai Kozyrev (1908 - 1983) calls the "aether", the physical vacuum; “Akasa” is derived from the word “Kas” that means “beam”, “shine” and has thus also the meaning of “aether”, that is considered to be the medium of movement. The principle of movement is “Prana”, the breath of live, the all powerful, all penetrating rhythm of the universe. It is a profound and very simple solution. The metaphysics of space and movement unifies and resolves not only the problem of the one and the many, but also of the infinite and finite, the eternal and temporary, the absolute and relative, the continuous and the seperate, the simple and complex, matter and universe.

All that is, is “Brahma” and manifests itself through the five “Pranas” like it is written in the Indian Vedas. The Chinese call this energy "TAO" which manifestation is “Ch’i” . In the Jewish Torah this energy is called "Ein Sof". The quantum physisist David Bohm (1917 - 1992) could have called it the “Quantum medium”.

Time. The sferic constant of wave movement of space causes the activity and phenemenon of time. This confirms Aristoteles’ and Spinoza’s connection of movement and time and unifies most meaningful these two things to one: space. Movement is also continual, like time is. Aristoteles already said that time is identical to movement or can be seen as a property of movement. Because time is caused by (wave) movement, only matter (as a sferic wave movement of space) can experience time. Space is eternal, has always extisted and cannot experience time. Out of this we can conclude that there was no Big Bang creation of space or universe. It just always existed without the notion (or motion) of time. Can we look at consciousness as motion-notion?

“Father Time” manifests himself by the spiraling movement of his own personal energetic property.

Nicolai Kozyrev has spent his life with the research of the effects of this Zero-Point-Energy (ZPE) on our measurable, material world. He came to a verifiable “force” of 0-4 to 10-5, a “force" that is so weak, that Western scientist call this insignificant. This form of energy manifests and moves like a torsion in a spiral form, which we can see in the arms of the Milky Way, in a seashell, a (red) rose; that is knowable in the “Golden Ration” and the “Fibonacci spiral”.

Four-dimensional resonance
http://alexfrolov.narod.ru/engdna.html

The conclusions are obvious: material particles of each planet are resonance vortex aether processes and characteristics of these processes depend on space-time parameters of this planet. Other planets determine other parameters. This idea is not news but the calculating method is discussed here for the first time. Searching for facts confirming the concept led us to discovery, which lies in finding connections between value of space curvature of natural objects, for example, proton or any matter particle, and the planet space’s curvature. It is discovered that curvature of the given objects (with high precision) is integer, in case we use SI system and decimal numeration. These results can be explained by the fact that the measuring system uses a concept of “meter” introduced into practice since 1795 as a one ten-millionth sector of the Earth meridian from North Pole to Equator.

Practical sense of the new approach is that it allows calculation of resonance conditions of creation of the material elements (both organic and other matter) for each planet. It is particularly important for space projects and experiments on changing of aether density, time and gravitation control. Moreover, development of the four-dimensional curvature concept allows understanding the physical meaning of time and developing a theory of four-dimensional resonators, which create special conditions for vortex aether processes and, therefore, generate stable matter particles or isotopes. Studying four-dimensional resonators clears the way to practical research on teleportation of matter, radioactivity control, synthesis or controlled transformation (transmutation) of matter particles for energy generation.

Thus, we can ground quantifying action by Planck as a particular case and understand the physical meaning of the discovered rule of integer curvature values of natural processes’ space. Obviously, there is the minimal time interval (period) determined by energy parameters of every process creating a space, for example, the space of the planet, space of some atom or DNA molecule. Integer value of curvature in macro-world (the planet) and in micro-world (Bohr’s atom) proves fractal structure of Universe.

Ross Tessien: Aether Theory and Related Papers
http://ldolphin.org/tessien.html

This nature of space was given the name of "Pilot Waves" by de Broglie and this concept was expounded upon by Bohm. With this approach, Bohm showed that one could treat nature in a completely normal way and that the waves along the path communicated to electrons where to go and that these waves had a statistical order to them that resulted in our observing diffraction patterns and the like. The problem is I have not read any where that Bohm ever gave a reason for those waves to exist. They were assumed to exist and in this, his concepts were not able to take hold.

Thus, I will attempt to show what factors are involved in this mechanism and how all forces are the same in the way that they cause motions and action to be exchanged. This in essence will develop into a description of how and why all forces are linked and each "weaker force" is really just an observation of the same mechanism where the amplitude of the action has been reduced. I will attempt to show how gravitation is really just another observation of in essence the electric force.

INFORMATION AND THE AETHER: THE "SUBTLE ENERGIES
http://www.victorzammit.com/articles/Klein9.htm

Per M. Hadley's experimental results, torsion fields are not bound to conventional time or space. This corroborates with Kozyrev's tenets regarding the "energetic aspects" of time, capable of affecting the spins of elementary particles, as well as those of macroscopic bodies. This reminds us of RM Kiehn's "nanometer vortices" which are coupled metastable symmetric pairs of Falaco solitons.

We are currently investigating the related Kolmogorov vortices which may be involved in some sort of topological connection between Euclidean space, and CP1 complex projective space, which K-vortices are containing Informational structures resulting from the collection of the smaller information-bearing SQ entities which comprise the Kolmogorov vortices. We have earlier established that the Kolmogorov vortices are most likely the smallest of entities which are still influenced by gravitation. Entities smaller than the K-vortex (10e-58 m), are considered to be the primary causation of gravitation, in our LaPlacian-type model for gravitation.

As previously hinted to, the emotional conditions, and the faculties of the attention and the volition, of operators of symplectic E/M transmission facilities result in Quantum field divergences and fluctuations in the vacuum. (Such observations have been verified in France, regarding normal E/M transmission facilities.) Information resonance effects are configuring subsequent energy configurations at all the available SubQuantum layers of manifestation, the subtle energy (aetheric) regimes included. Chakra spin effects may well represent a holographic transcription of such topological transforms, putting the bioenergy related to living systems under the Information control supplied from the projective space CP1.

Mathematical analysis addressing Quantum harmonic oscillators excludes zero-energy configurations even at absolute zero temperature levels. Nevertheless, this ground-state energy does not at all derive from the uncertainty principle (whose refutations have been mentioned in our previous installments), as in conventional interpretations. Rather, the ZPE originates from particles living in deeper layers of the Subquantum. Macroscopic wave functions responsible for Quantum coherence are guided by Information controlled SubQuantum effectors that can enter infinite combinatorial configurations in the subtle energy (aetheric) ranges and beyond.

SE (aether) connectivity leads to trans-classical permutation freedom patterns, described as Information-controlled proemial relations (G.Gunther, 1972), unifying into comprehensive formulations of polyvalent logic, which may perhaps be more deeply investigated by cybernetic system-theory and other mathematical logics.

Interdimensional connections have concrete physical meaning. This connection becomes obvious when observing Information-driven physical effects.

This topic will be further highlighted in our future disclosures.

We hope to eventually lead our readers to a stage where they can confidently rely upon the correctness of our challenge, perhaps joining in our researches in a mutually supportive manner, or at least stimulating competent debates based on the present stage of our knowledge of SQ physics and Information physics.

[lizzie]

On geometry, spin, charge, angular momentum, and the quantizing of spacetime

TORSION FIELDS
http://www.eioba.com/a85528/torsion_fie ... v_and_heim

Why has Shipov so exasperated the strict, mistrustful scientific world? Even the subject of his research, "mysterious torsion fields", is like a nail in the shoe of physicists, very inconvenient! But, scientists today are recognizing that "spinning fields" really do exist. Just as electromagnetic fields are caused by a charge and gravitational fields are caused by weight, torsion fields are created by any rotating objects.

Similar Heim theory is a collection of ideas about the fundamental laws of physics proposed by Burkhard Heim and further developed by Walter Dröscher and Jochem Häuser. Heim attempted to resolve incompatibilities between quantum theory and general relativity. To meet that goal, he developed a mathematical approach based on quantizing spacetime itself, and proposed the "metron" as a (two-dimensional) quantum of (multidimensional) space. Part of the theory is formulated in terms of difference operators; Heim called the mathematical formalism "Selector calculus".

The mathematics behind Heim's theory requires extending spacetime with extra dimensions; various formulations by Heim and his successors involve six, eight, or twelve dimensions. Within the quantum spacetime of Heim theory, elementary particles are represented as "hermetry forms" or multidimensional structures of space. For Heim, this composite nature was an expression of internal, six-dimensional structure.

Torsion field, also called axion field, spin field, spinor field, and microlepton field is a scientific concept loosely based on Einstein-Cartan theory and some unorthodox solutions of Maxwell's equations.

Torsion fields also have the important characteristic of being affected by the specific topology/geometry of macroscopic objects and biological fields. Torsion fields have been found, by Dr. Buryl Payne, to emanate from living organisms

Torsion fields have been studied by several groups of Russian scientists for at least three decades and most of that time in secret. According to A. Akimov, torsion fields come in at least three types: E-fields, S-fields, and G-fields. The E, S, and G stand for Electric, Spin, and Gravity fields. The torsion field and its emanations are subtle energy fields. They are separate and distinct from classical Electric, Magnetic, and Gravity fields. Generators for these fields can be shielded against electro-magnetic fields and the torsion field still manifest itself through such shielding.

Until now, little attention has been paid to the four forces of inertia: centrifugal, translational, rotational, and coriolis.

In the 1970s, in order to verify N.A. Kozyrev's theory, a major research of gyroscopes and gyroscopic systems was conducted by a member of Belarus Academy of Sciences, professor A.I. Veinik. According to this theory, every substance has its own "chronal charge" defined by the quantity of "chronal" particles which were named "chronons". A.I. Veinik supposed that while the object is spinning, "chronons" are interacting with other "chronons" that surround this object and therefore the weight of the object changes.

According to A.I. Veinik's theory, "chronons" generate the so called "chronal" field. A.I. Veinik found experimentally that strong "chronal" fields can be generated by spinning masses. A.I. Veinik measured some properties of "chronal" fields and found that two types of "chronons" exist ("plus" and "minus" chronons). It is important to emphasize that A.I. Veinik concluded that the sign of the "chronon" depended on orientation of its spin.

They found that the fall-time varied depending on the angular velocity and the direction of rotation.

In the course of the latter 50 years there have been numerous reports on anomalous behaviour of spin-polarized particles. In the USSR the groups under V.G. Baryshevsky and M.I. Podgoretsky experimentally determined that when neutrons are passing through spin-polarized targets, a precession of neutrons arises. The measured magnitude of precession has shown that the field which caused that precession has to be thousands of times stronger than the magnetic field of the target's nuclei [14]. In the USA the A.D. Krisch group repeatedly observed anomalies produced by spin-polarized protons [15].

In 1977, A.C. Tam and W. Happer experimentally discovered that two parallel circularly polarized laser beams mutually attract or repel depending on mutual orientation of their circular polarization [17]. In 1966 the K.N. Perebeynos group demonstrated an experimental communication system in which the transmitter and the receiver were constructed as rotating masses. Transmitted information could be received even when the receiver was shielded by massive screens. The method applied was interpreted as the generation and reception of gravitational waves [18]

In spite of the seeming diversity, all of the experiments considered above have a certain resemblance: all of the mentioned effects are demonstrated by objects with spin or angular momentum.

V.M. Yurovitsky was the first who pointed out that many phenomena could be explained as a result of manifestation of long-range fields generated by spin or angular momentum density.

In other series of experiments conducted in the Institute of Material Research, the influence of the torsion radiation on various photographs was investigated. It was established that by the use of this method it is possible to transmit information from one point of space to another [20].

G.I. Shipov used a geometry of absolute parallelism (A 4) with an additional 6 rotational coordinates, and on the strict level it showed that the movement of any object should be described by 10 movement equations but not by 4 equations as it is in Einstein's GR. From Shipov's vacuum equations, every known fundumental physical equation can be deduced in completely geometrised form. G.I. Shipov showed that besides the two known long-range physical fields - electromagnetic and gravitational - there exists third long-range field possessing significantly richer properties: the torsion field. The torsion field is an extremely unusual entity.

1) First of all, the upper limit for the speed of torsion waves is estimated to be not less than 109c, where c is the speed of light.

2) Secondly, torsion fields are able to propagate in a region of space which is not limited by the light cone. That means that torsion fields are able to propagate not only in the future but in the past as well.

3) Thirdly, torsion fields transmit information without transmitting energy.

4) Fourth - torsion fields are not required to follow the superposition principle [21].

Torsion fields are generated by spin (considering classical spin [22,23]) or by angular momentum. There exist both right and left torsion fields (depending on the spin orientation). Since all substances (except amorphous materials) have their own stereochemistry which determines not only the location of atoms in molecules but also determines their mutual spin orientation, then the superposition of torsion fields generated by the atomic and nuclear spins of each molecule determines the intensity of torsion field in the space surrounding each molecule. The superposition of all these torsion fields determines the intensity and spatial configuration of the characteristic torsion field of that substance. Thus each substance possesses its own characteristic torsion field.

The property which is open to influence by torsion fields is spin. (We should note that the spin-torsion interaction constant is equal to 10 -5 - 10 -6. This constant is less than the constant of electromagnetic interactions, yet much greater than the constant of gravitational interactions.) Thus the structure of the torsion field of every object can be changed by the influence of an external torsion field. As a result of such an influence, the new configuration of the torsion field will be fixed as a metastable state (as a polarized state) and will remain intact even after the source of the external torsion field is moved to another area of space.

Thus torsion fields of certain spatial configuration can be "recorded" on any physical or biological object. Since every permanent magnet has not only oriented magnetic moments but also classical spins orientation as well, then every permanent magnet has its own torsion field.

The following fundamentally important fact should be emphasized. In the framework of the theory of electro-torsion interactions, it is shown that if electrostatic or electromagnetic fields exist in some region of space, then there always exist torsion fields in that region of space. Electrostatic or electromagnetic fields without a torsion component do not exist. Strong torsion fields are generated by high electrical potentials and by devices with organized circular or spiral electromagnetic processes.

Torsion fields can be generated as the result of the distortion of geometry of the physical vacuum. Every object with a certain surface geometry will simultaneously generate left and right torsion fields of a certain configuration depending on the geometry of the object. This fact can be detected by various types of physical, chemical and biological indicators.

If one is searching for field propulsion systems for a real interstellar spaceflight, one has to look for a theory which offers the possibilities for:

* generating gravitational fields,
* producing gravitational waves
* lowering inertia
* superluminal velocity.

All of these four requirements seem to be fulfilled by the 6-dimensional unified fully geometrised quantum field theory of Burkhard Heim, which has been proven to be correct, because it supplies a suitable formula for all known particle masses (ground and excited states), as well as the correct values of coupling constants. The knowledge of the internal structure of elementary particles makes it possible, in principle, to alter their properties, such as inertia.

Heim started with Einstein’s General Relativity Theory, but modified it for application in the microscopic range. Here, the field equations become eigenvalue equations. For invariance reasons Heim had to introduce a 6-dimensional manifold. The existence of a smallest area required the computation with differences rather than with differentials, and with selectors instead of tensors. According to Heim, Einstein’s assumption of one single metric was too simple. He introduced three partial structures, which constitute four possible metrical tensors by correlations.

This complicated geometry leads to 1956 eigenvalue equations from which it is possible to deduce the mass spectrum of elementary particles and to describe their internal structure fluxes. Matter consists of an exchange of maxima and minima of condensations of the smallest areas in subspaces of an R6. Contrary to vacuum fluctuations, matter exists when the geometrical exchange processes always return to their starting point. These geometrical fluxes produce a spin. Since this spin tends to stay orthogonal to the vector of world velocity, each acceleration leads to a resistance force or inertia.

Heim-Theory"
http://www.heim-theory.com/Contents/contents.html

As far as we aware there are no plans to translate Heim's books. If ever there were interest in this a revision of the original text would be required. There is an English language translation of his paper, however, with two further overview papers in English written by members of the group:

Elementary Structures of Matter,
Heim's Theory of Elementary Particles,
The Physics of Burkhard Heim and its Application to Space Propulsion

Finally, there were several papers in English, being lectures during the AIAA Joint Propulsion Conference, USA 2002 -2005, which give an introduction to Heim’s Theory with emphasis on its application in space propulsion. See:

High Performance Computing and Communication for Space
http://www.hpcc-space.com/publications/index.html

[kevin]

Lizzie,
As ever You have Me in a spin state, fabulous.
I will add a little opinion of my own if I may?
Don't be too set on torsion fields only been set into spin because of mass spinning, instead think of that lattice and fibonacci parallel sequencing creating fractal spin zones that creates the mass, then it's a symbiotic relationship between creator and created, Yes the created then interacts and manipulates the torsion field, but the mass is merely in one set of geometry as a compression of the torsion fields, or better called ?...time flows?
Kevin

[lizzie]

Shipov on Torsion
http://www.zamandayolculuk.com/cetinbal ... orsion.htm

We’ll start with the differences in my approach to torsion fields - in my work torsion fields are not simply an addition to existing physical fields. Torsion fields play a major role in the Theory of Physical Vacuum and their introduction in science demands a change of the scientific paradigm. The substantive provision of a new scientific paradigm is that any motion is rotation that is equivalent to the statement that any motion within the Nature involves acceleration.

Certainly, the main problem is to find the correct physical interpretation of a Ricci torsion field. I argued so. As rotation of matter in mechanics generates forces of inertia (centrifugal, Coriolis, etc.), therefore it is logical to connect torsion fields with the inertia field capable of generating inertial forces. Einstein had formulated a strong principle of equivalence that puts an equal sign between the action of a gravitational field and an inertial field.

However, in Einstein's theory the strong principle is not carried out. In his theory the gravitational field generates curvature of space - time and the field of inertia does not. I managed to overcome this difficulty when I started to describe fields of inertia by using Ricci torsion. It is interesting to note that the first scientists who has seen this result, was the American mathematician (instead of the physicist) Robert Kiehn.

Ricci torsion fields allow a solution to the problem of geometrization of the right part of the Einstein's equations energy-momentum tensor that Einstein tried to solve during 30 years. (This looks at the Theory of Relativity as a geometric theory when considering the curvature of space-time).

In physical applications scientists use two kinds of torsion - Ricci torsion and Cartan torsion. The majority of physicists investigate Cartan torsion. They came to the conclusion that Cartan torsion only brings very small contributions to understanding physical phenomena, therefore Cartan torsion is impossible to observe experimentally.

I in my work use torsion of space in absolute parallelism (Ricci torsion), which in physical applications for the first time was investigated by Albert Einstein. In experiments with inertial propulsion I have shown that Ricci torsion generates fields of inertia. On the other hand fields of inertia generate Riemann curvature (a strong principle of equivalence). But fields of inertia can be operated with the help of using rotation of material bodies and, it means, to operate upon the curvature of space - time. The elementary device which allows one to operate by curvature of space – time would be a four-dimensional gyroscope.

The metrics which includes the Torsion Tensor has been introduced for the first time in my book: “A Theory of Physical Vacuum ". I have named such metrics the rotational metrics as such metrics describe infinitesimal rotation. In Einstein's theory we have the metrics that describes only infinitesimal translation. I think that the Unified Field Theory now has developed into the Theory of the Physical Vacuum, and in this theory the torsion field plays a basic role. The majority of abnormal experiments, such as experiments of Nicola Tesla, or the Philadelphia Experiment will be repeated, when we shall more deeply study the nature and properties of Ricci torsion field.

I agree with Jim Corum. Really, new performances about physical time appear in the theory where there is Torsion as Time is a Rotation, and rotation generates torsion. In the future we shall construct a Time Machine and we shall operate time, using our knowledge about torsion.

In the theory of Physical Vacuum, the Primary Torsion Fields there in the vacuum are the space-time vortexes with zero energy and with interaction without energy. For an object, where the energy is equal to zero, it is impossible to formulate a concept of the speed of its propagation. For the usual observer such an object is “at once everywhere and always", i.e. its "speed of propagation" is instantaneous. The creation of primary torsion fields can be considered as a primary polarization of the vacuum according to its spin properties, with right-hand and left-hand fields arising simultaneously. Experiments on creation of artificial torsion polarization of the physical vacuum would introduce in some of its area material objects with various surface geometry, that show right-hand and left-hand primary torsion fields that arise simultaneously. The geometry of space in this case represents a 10-dimensional manifold (4 translational coordinates and 6 angular ones), and its Riemannian curvature are equal to zero, and the Ricci torsion being distinctively different from zero.” Propagation of primary torsion fields with "instantaneous speeds" happens on phase portrait of these fields, but not with the help of looking at group velocity, as it occurs with usual physical fields. This phenomenon indicates a holographic structure of torsion fields.

I already remarked that the description of rotation in modern physics is not fully understood. Put in that it is necessary to introduce the description of rotation into the theory of a relativity involving non-cholonomic angular coordinates. In three-dimensional space of such coordinates are three. They are referred to as Euler's corners. For the first time it has been suggested by Moshe Carmeli who has introduced a concept of a theory involving Rotational Relativity into physics and has constructed the Theory of Rotational Relativity which describes rotation of material objects more consistently than it was until now. In Carmeli's theory our space is formed not only by translational coordinates, but also by rotational coordinates. Thus, in Carmeli's theory, space - time has seven dimensions.

Two remarkable results follow from Carmeli's theory:

1. Inertial properties of a rest mass depend on angular velocity due to its rotation.

2. Except for the translational metrics in space - time there should also be a rotational metrics.

After a while I have shown that for the description of rotation in four-dimensional space of translational coordinates, it is necessary to define six angles: three spatial angles and three space-time angles. Therefore, in the theory of Physical Vacuum space - time we have ten dimensions, thus Ricci torsion field provides the necessary rotational metrics.

I think this question is the most important. Recently I have written an article entitled "Rotational Relativity and Quantum Mechanics". It will soon be translated into the English language. In this article, I show in detail that Ricci torsion plays a role of the Bridge between the theory of Relativity and the Quantum theory of a matter. Apparently that mysterious wave function Y of the New Quantum theory = a Matter field = Ricci torsion field. As a Ricci torsion field describes fields of inertia, the quantum mechanics is a way to describe movement of matter through the dynamics of its inertial field. I think that after awhile all abnormal consequences and contradictions of quantum mechanics will be interpreted in a clear language of torsion fields - new physical object. Einstein dreamed of this.

[lizzie]

Kevin said: Don't be too set on torsion fields only been set into spin because of mass spinning, instead think of that lattice and fibonacci parallel sequencing creating fractal spin zones that creates the mass, then it's a symbiotic relationship between creator and created

Spin affects the geometry; geometry affects the spin; thus the "possessor" of the said geometry affects the spin.

[lizzie]

The Anu Building Block
http://www.greatdreams.com/grace/126/134anuqa.html

If we fully understand the dynamics of this heart shaped anu building block which represents what space is doing at all levels of universe from smallest to largest.....we should be able to say anything concerning physics and see it physically demonstrated upon this heart shaped anu or the pair of anu called the vesica piscus.

On torsion fields and “mirror matter”

Physics of a Parallel Universe "Exerting a Ghostly Grip on Our Universe"
http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/20 ... verse.html

A link between quantum mechanics and topology implies the existence of an entirely new state of matter.

Nils Baas at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology says that we’re on the verge of discovering a totally new form of matter governed by an entirely new branch of physics, based on topology — a kind of parallel physics, in which the laws governing behavior in this parallel universe exert an inescapable, ghostly grip on our own universe.

This new physics -strange, unworldly bonds that allow cesium atoms to stick together in triplets should allow much more complex objects to form- may provide a new way to think about quantum entanglement and how to generate and exploit it.

Comets: A key to a parallel universe
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/scien ... 39667.html

Comets may be composed of matter hitherto unknown to science, according to a physicist in Australia. If he's right, we may at last have found the identity of the mysterious "dark matter" believed to make up at least 90 per cent of the mass of the universe. What's more, it could mean there is another universe occupying our own, complete with invisible stars, planets and even life.

Why would anyone want to make such an outrageous claim about comets? "Because they are disappearing and nobody knows where," says Robert Foot of the University of Melbourne.

Foot's unease has led him to embrace a radical idea – that nature's left-right symmetry isn't really flawed, it only looks that way. For every known particle, there is actually a particle that interacts in a right-handed way. So, in addition to electrons and quarks and photons of light, the universe contains mirror electrons and mirror quarks and mirror photons. These combine to make mirror atoms and mirror matter.

Mirror atoms would interact with ordinary atoms very weakly and so produce no light. They are a prime candidate for the dark matter, the "missing mass" that astronomers know must exist (from the gravitational pull it exerts) but cannot see. They believe it makes up at least 90 per cent of the mass of the universe. "If I'm right, there is an invisible mirror universe occupying the same space as our universe, complete with mirror galaxies, mirror stars and perhaps even mirror life," says Foot.

Making Something From Nothing: Researchers Find That Matter Can Be Conjured from a Vacuum
http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2 ... red-vacuum

It is often said that you can’t get something for nothing, but a handful of scientists from the University of Michigan would beg to differ. Theoretically speaking, they say, you can conjure particles from a vacuum under the right conditions. All you need is an ultra-high-intensity laser, a particle accelerator, and an open mind about what exactly “nothing” is (hint: it’s something).

The first step in understanding their line of thinking is to change the way you look at a vacuum; rather than being an empty void, they say, a vacuum is a balanced combination of matter and antimatter, or particles and antiparticles. These particles have tremendous density but we cannot observe them, for their observable characteristics cancel each other out.

JohnStClair said:

Actually I am enthusiastic about hyperspace physics, as you noted. Thanks for your comment. I recently completed a torsion field generator that produces a large circular gravitational field. I measured it out to at least 30 feet. The surprising thing is that if you shine a red laser light down through the middle of it, the gravitational field becomes radial. Then to show that space-time has a geometry an origami paper tetrahedron also changes the circular field to radial. The hyperspace energy flowing through the generator, similar to electrical current, creates the circular gravitational field, similar to the circular magnetic B field. So now the correspondence between electromagnetism and gravitational physics is established. The linear electric field now corresponds to the linear gravitational field produced by a large mass such as the earth. Mass corresponds to electric charge and Maxwell's equation can be converted into a gravitational equation with these substitutions. This results in being able to calculate the radius of swing of a pendulum in the circular gravitational field created by the incoming hyperspace energy where the speed of light is 1 meter/second. Thus hyperspace exists. All the new inventions will cascade from this knowledge such as teleportation, advanced propulsion systems, energy amplifiers to boost our energy field for energy healing, walking through walls, projecting ourselves to distant planets, magnetic vortex wormhole generators and remote viewing amplifiers for our third eye.

Gravitational matter-antimatter asymmetry and four-dimensional Yang-Mills gauge symmetry
http://www.springerlink.com/content/y435411539t54l57/

A formulation of gravity based on the maximum four dimensional Yang-Mills gauge symmetry is studied. The theory predicts that the gravitational force inside matter (fermions) is different from that inside antimatter. This difference could lead to the cosmic separation of matter and antimatter in the evolution of the Universe. Moreover, a new gravitational long-range spin-force between two fermions is predicted, in addition to the usual Newtonian force. The geometrical foundation of such a gravitational theory is the Riemann-Cartan geometry in which there is a torsion. The results of the theory for weak fields are consistent with previous experiments.

[lizzie]

Aether
http://aether-is-one.com/intro.html

Aether is the empty space on which the Universe sits.

Empty space is real but does not exist as matter. Einstein was right, the Universe is background free. The Aether does not exist, yet, it is the physical but immaterial substance from which the Universe emerged.

How big is a point? Size does not apply, points are dimensionless. Same with empty space, it is dimensionless, yet, it contains the Universe. This is why it is said that you could fit the whole Universe in a point. In this realm, we need to think in terms of state, not in terms of process. Process occurs as spacetime. Trying to mathematically describe a realm where there is no need for classical physics laws is not acceptable. Terms like velocity or infinity, which imply motion, quantity, extension or duration, shouldn't be used to describe empty space, they are non-descriptive and inappropriate. That is what Einstein meant when he said there was no time before the Big Bang. At the Aether scale there are no distances to cover; it is all pervading... the Aether is one. It makes no sense to ask what happened, it only makes sense to ask what was its state before the Big Bang.

This notion of a primordial substance is a very old one, also known as Akasha or Brahman, and many times described as pure energy or spiritual fire. It has been anthropomorphized by man since the times of Plato and Aristotle, the Chaldeans and the Akkadians. It was always seen as immaterial until 1964, when the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR, CBR or CMB) was discovered. Since then, there have emerged completely contradictory notions which now compete for acceptance. The reductionists are becoming restless in countless desperate attempts to quantify the unmeasurable. Now there are new claims of an absolute frame of reference showing up everywhere. They claim we finally have a fixed inertial frame as if we ever needed one.

If the Aether is physical but non-material, with no possible landmarks, how could it represent a fixed inertial frame? Einstein, Minkowski and Mach described a different aether. This twentieth century aether differs from earlier aethers in that, in it, objects are relative to other objects, not to empty space, therefore avoiding a Principle of Relativity (POR) violation.

As Einstein said, there is no absolute space; space is an extension of matter. Space and empty space are not the same thing. That's because space is neither primary, nor fundamental; it does not exist by itself; it is a product, just as matter and time are. Empty space, on the other hand, is primary, non-derivable. There is flat empty space; then there is curved spacetime, or what is known as the observable Universe. Einstein's gravitational aether is the seat to an all relating process which he called spacetime.

Contemporary physics is increasingly turning into a cross between General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. After we realized there was a CMB, we have slowly integrated particulate space into GR, while starting to take a serious look at emerging space flow theories combining QED (quantum electrodynamics) and Relativity.

Here, I use the aether concept in an attempt to solve what many call the Hard Problem, to answer: What is that which is?

In most aether views, whether material or immaterial, the Aether is seen as an all knowing creative force, but not in this view. I compare the Aether to God in the sense that it is one, omnipresent and eternal but, at the same time, I argue that it is not all knowing. That it is a thing which can neither think nor see without a brain. That it sees, thinks and exists through matter.

"A substance cannot be produced from anything else: it will therefore be its own cause, that is, its essence necessarily involves existence, or existence appertains to the nature of it." (Spinoza, 1673)

Basil Hiley is correct, being remains constant during the process of becoming. Matter is only temporary, it has a beginning and an ending; it is subject to time (change). Things are because of the Aether; it is what gives them their temporary being status. The Real, as Hegel called it, that which is, is the Aether. Reality, on the other hand, simply refers to the process of becoming.

Aether is but does not exist as matter; it is before spacetime, before the Big Bang, Inflation, a CMB, etc. It is not matter; therefore, notions like motion, size or duration are not applicable; time does not apply. It is outside the rules of spacetime. Aether becomes through matter. As a proton reaches the speed limit, its waves are flattened, it loses its wavelength (energy) and goes back into being Aether. Slow down the system and it reappears as required by local spacetime conditions. But, as you probably know, energy is finite; this is the reason why nothing with mass can reach the speed of light. For a single proton to reach the speed of light, it would require all the energy in the Universe and more. Because energy is finite and the speed of light needs to be kept constant for fields to work in the allowable speed range (0 to 300,000 km/s), there is time dilation and space contraction for material systems moving at relativistic speeds.

"This shows us two things: you cannot have parts of the infinite and the infinite is indivisible. But indeed, even if the One is more like a Principle, and the one is undivided, then the whole Universe will be undivided either in quantity or in form." (Aristotle, 340BC)

Matter is 99% empty space. Reduce yourself to the size of the smallest particle and you will still see only empty space. Matter is made of fields and fields are little more than apparitions. Fields are shapes in empty space, lines of force. Matter is an illusion, but that is reality, and matter in spacetime is the one drawing the shapes, not some creator or designer. The Universe designs itself. Particle creation occurs according to local spacetime's energetic or thermodynamical requirements. Reality is process and process happens as spacetime.

Whether there is an aether or not is finally answered; the Aether is but does not exist until it turns into matter.

This isn't a new theory but a new insight into already existing theories. A freshly synthesized interpretation consistent with already known and well accepted scientific facts. A fresh perspective in which the aether concept is reintroduced in an attempt to reconcile a centuries old notion of wholeness in space and time with actually established scientific paradigms. In addition to arguing for a common substrate to all matter in a purely dialectical way, without math or complicated formulas, I relate self-awareness and perception to non-living, self-organized systems. Thereby suggesting that Consciousness is not an independent supernatural entity that precedes matter, but an intrinsic property of all matter.

We need to take a better look at the cold hard facts. We have made huge technological advances, but spiritually and therefore politically, we have been stuck in time for the last two thousand years. For Humanity to solve its spiritual and political problems it needs to conclusively figure out the relationships between being, matter, and space. Before we can move forward we need to make up our minds between fantasy and reality, we have to choose between superstition and reason.

This book represents, in a short and informal style, what I have realized after a lifelong quest for proof of wholeness in space and time as a fundamental property of the Universe. It is aimed at a general audience, going from the specialist to the layman, with the hope of further popularizing these deeply philosophical issues.

[lizzie]

Time Reversal
http://www.mindsclay.com/SeferRaziel/TimeReversal.html

It has been shown in experiments that time reversal of acoustics “re-creates the source” of the original sound. In other words, the time reversed sound un-coalesces to the same point of the original sound. We see a similar effect with light via holograms. We record the interference pattern of light from an object, then re-create the photonic representation of that object in 3D space. Sound is interference patterns of waves, sight is interference patterns of waves. The next step would be to say that any interference pattern of waves, of a certain phenomena, could be recorded and time reversed to re-produce that original phenomena.

"No one has ever seen a block of matter explode and the fragments spontaneously gather to form the original block, or see a drop of ink re-form after dilution in a glass of water," says Mathias Fink. Many physicists have been obsessed with reversing time, i.e., challenging the irreversibility of macroscopic physical phenomena. Although the equations of standard mechanics and quantum mechanics can be reversed on a microscopic scale, macroscopic phenomena have always proved to be irreversible because of the huge amount of particles involved.

However, since relatively little data is required for the full description of a wave field in wave physics, it becomes feasible to conduct time-reversing experiments with sound waves. The equations describing wave propagation are "invariant by reversing the direction of time." In other words this means that the answers to the equations are always the same whether time is moving from the past to the future or vice versa. The only prerequisite is to disregard the dissipation of energy into heat; this is usually the case with sonic or ultrasonic frequencies, i.e., ranging from a few hertz to some dozen megahertz.

Mathias Fink, who began to address the subject in 1987, came up with the idea of "reversing in time" the ultrasounds emitted by an object. He recorded the emitted wave and analyzed it to produce a reversed wave which in turn propagated backwards and re-focused on the initial emitter. He used reversed "acoustic retinas", so to speak, to do this. The "retinas" are in fact a network of piezoelectric transducers that can act either as a microphone or as a loud-speaker. In other words, the transducers can act as sensors by generating an electric current when they pick up a sound wave but they can also act as emitters by generating a sound wave when they are charged with electric current.

That is how the first time-reversing mirror was engineered. It is a device consisting of a system of piezoelectric transducers. Each transducer is connected to an electronic chain including an amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter. The sound signals picked up by the transducer travel through the chain and are stored in the memories. The signals are then reversed by reading the memories backwards and a "time-reversed" wave is reconstituted.
The time-reversing mirror is an amazing device that has opened the door to vast prospects, including applications already in the works. "The most advanced application to date is the non-destructive testing of materials," adds Mathias Fink, and indeed, a time-reversing mirror has been tested as part of a major joint effort with Snecma.

The goal of the testing was to detect defects in titanium alloys. The alloys have an extremely heterogeneous microstructure that generates a loud background echo making it impossible to see defects with a weak contrast. However, these tiny defects can cause jet engines to explode, explaining why the French company was so keen on assessing the detection capabilities of a time-reversing mirror that could pinpoint defects half the size of those detected by a General Electric engineered technology. Indeed the American company's technique was considered as the most efficient until now.

The most promising applications are undoubtedly in the medical field. Actually, the first time-reversing mirrors designed by Mathias Fink's team were for a new type of lithotriptor, a device using ultra-sound to destroy kidney stones. Ultrasounds or X-rays are commonly used to pinpoint kidney stones. 70% of the several thousand ulstrasounds emitted to destroy a kidney stone miss the target because when the body moves, so does the stone. However the time-reversing mirror has solved this problem by using a group of the mirror's components to light the designated area. The kidney stone then reflects the signals and the mirror picks up, automatically amplifies and sends the signals back to the source, i.e., the stone.

A 64 track time-reversing mirror has already been engineered with support from ANVAR. The mirror works in real-time, uses a network of transducers with a 20 cm. diameter, and sends back 1,000 signals per second, resulting in promising clinical results. "The machine we have designed has worked remarkably well in hospital and showed that the ultrasonic beam keeps tracking the moving stone," explains Mathias Fink.

Other applications, now being researched at the "Wave and Acoustics" Laboratory, will eventually be engineered. For instance, focusing ultrasound waves through the skull for surgical purposes is being researched with the neurosurgery ward at the Val de Grâce Hospital in Paris. Project goal is to use ultrasound hyperthermia to home in on and destroy a small tumor pinpointed by MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).

The technique is being considered for mine-detection and more generally for underwater acoustics. Other fields for exploration are underwater telecommunications where the time-reversing technique that can compensate for any defects in the propagation channel might play a major role in the future. In the long run, time-reversal could be used to project stereophonic sound or create a sound traveling to just one person. Last, the technique is used in hydrodynamics for the accurate measuring of turbulent flows, and is expected to help us to acquire a better understanding of how turbulence forms.

Indeed, as Mathias Fink says, "Time-reversal has a wealth of applications." A modest man, he quickly adds, "It's the simplest idea on earth: reverse time and send it back."

In classical mechanics, a time-reversal experiment with a large number of particles is impossible. Because of the high sensitivity to initial conditions, one would need to resolve the positions and velocities of each particle with infinite accuracy. Thus, it would require an infinite amount of information, which is of course out of reach. In wave physics however, the amount of information required to describe a wave field is limited and depends on the shortest wavelength of the field. Thus we can propose an acoustic equivalent of the experiment we mentioned above. We start with a coherent transient pulse, let it propagate through a disordered highly scattering medium, then record the scattered field and time-reverse it: surprisingly, it travels back to its initial source, which is not predictable by usual theories for random media. Indeed, to study waves propagation in disordered media theoreticians, who find it difficult to deal with one realization of disorder, use concepts defined as an average over the realizations, which naturally leads to the diffusion approximation. But the corresponding equation is not time-reversal invariant and thus fails in describing our experiment. Then, to understand our experimental results and try to predict new ones, we have developed a finite elements simulation based on the real microscopic time-invariant equation of propagation. The experimental and numerical results are found to be in very good agreement.

Unlike optical mirrors where imaginary projections of reflected light rays converge on the vanishing point, the beams do converge on a point in time-reversing mirrors

Acoustic time-reversal mirrors (TRMs) can characterize rough surfaces. In one TRM technique, an echo is detected by an array of transducers, whereupon each signal at each transducer is reversed in time and rebroadcast (last in, first out) back along the incoming path. The resulting cacophony of signals amazingly converges into a single pulse of sound located at the source of the echo. (See the article "Time Reversed Acoustics" in Physics Today, March 1997, page 34.) Now, in exploring the robustness and limits of the technique, Mathias Fink (University of Paris VII) and his colleagues have found that, by moving the TRM before the signals are retransmitted, they could determine both the root-mean-square height and the surface-height autocorrelation function of rough surfaces. The second of these statistical measures has been particularly difficult to determine, requiring either point-by-point mapping of the surface, which is slow, or a less accurate double-echo technique without the strong correlations introduced by time reversal. Among the applications for this technique are measuring arterial walls in vivo, exploring the sea floor, and determining the interfacial roughness between two solids. (J. H. Rose et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 716, 1999; P. Roux et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 724, 1999.) –sgb