Nanotechnology

[junglelord]

Another reference to Mr Fuller, BUCKY BEAMS.
Ah the wonderful world of structure and function.

INSIDE SCIENCE RESEARCH --- PHYSICS NEWS UPDATE The American Institute of Physics Bulleting of Research News Number 876 #2, October 24, 2008 http://www.aip.org/pnu
BUCKY BEAMS

Once nanochip manufacturers have made their multi-layered structures it is necessary also for them to verify precisely that the layers are composed in the proper way. One way of doing this is to shoot beams of ions which, like meteorites striking the Moon, eject material from below, providing information about subsurface layering. The ejected material is characterized using mass spectrometry. It seems that to do this large molecules or clusters of atoms are better than single-atom ions since the clusters excavate more cleanly and provide more unambiguous signs of deep structure in the sample being imaged. The lab of Nick Winograd (nxw@psu.edu) of Penn State has pioneered the use of beams of carbon-60 molecules (buckyballs). (See this site for pictures illustrating the difference between single atom probes and C60 beams: http://nxw.chem.psu.edu/nxw/pdf%5C327.pdf ). Recently Winograd and his students have greatly improved the sensitivity of detection of the ejected material by using an infrared laser for photoionization prior to analysis by the mass spectrometer. The infrared laser is effective since electrons can be removed from molecules with high efficiency via tunneling and without significant photofragmentation. (Results presented this week at the AVS meeting in Boston, http://www.avssymposium.org/overview.asp, Paper AS-TuM10)

[junglelord]

Reduce matter to almost invisible domains. Therein lies the magic. Sourced via technology instead of spirit. Therein lies the danger....Weapons instead of miracles....sad really. I have been reading of the Nanotechnology Inititive and their goals. Scary technology in the wrong framework....more killing in the disguise of saving more soldiers. What a mirror mind of insanity. The MIT eSoldier is coming. Nanotechnology Coat of Many Colours. Watch and see the miracles they apply with Nanotechnology...watch and see. Where technology shrinks to the level where it almost vanishes, Science Fiction, becomes Science Fact.

[Plasmatic]

Miracle is an invalid concept. It proposes acausal violations of identiy. If its being done its causal and natural .

[junglelord]

Wal Thornhill himself and I quote,
"Back to the Future", will be come science fact from science fiction...
The Ralph Sansbury Model.

There is an impression, as I reread the work of Sansbury and other
>classical physicists, that what we are facing is something like "Back
>to the Future". And like the movie of that name, the possibilities
>that we encounter will seem like science fiction come true. But it is
>well-known that science fiction writers are better at predicting the
>future of science than experts!
>
>Wal Thornhill

http://www.bearfabrique.org/Catastrophism/Wallsan.txt

I don't buy time travel....but the predator suit, real deal.

[altonhare]

Reduce matter to almost invisible domains. Therein lies the magic. Sourced via technology instead of spirit. Therein lies the danger....Weapons instead of miracles....sad really. I have been reading of the Nanotechnology Inititive and their goals. Scary technology in the wrong framework....more killing in the disguise of saving more soldiers. What a mirror mind of insanity. The MIT eSoldier is coming. Nanotechnology Coat of Many Colours. Watch and see the miracles they apply with Nanotechnology...watch and see. Where technology shrinks to the level where it almost vanishes, Science Fiction, becomes Science Fact.

I *think* you're largely referring to metamaterials where light signals are manipulated such that they propagate around the exterior of an object and come out the "other side" largely unperturbed. The math at is most basic level comes from the telegrapher's equations http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapher%27s_equations. The idea is, technologically, to design a telegrapher circuit so small that the incoming light "sees" it as a single object to interact with rather than "seeing" it as individual components. So building a telegrapher's circuit small enough to manipulate microwaves in this way is not so difficult, but for more "sexy" parts of the EM spectrum like the visible and IR it is quite a task. The circuits have to be on the order of the size of atoms and molecules. So, we essentially have to find compounds whose components behave as inductors, resistors, capacitors, etc.

This is a materials science problem. Finding elements/compounds that behave as resistors/capacitors is actually not terribly difficult. We can analyze the electronic structures of compounds and find a suitable molecule. A good resistor would be something neither "metallic" or "nonmetallic" but rather metalloid. A good capacitor would consist of at least two bound atoms (like difluorine), each of which is electronegative enough to retain a charge but that do not have significantly coupled vacant vibronic states (to prevent the charge from flowing from one atom to the next too easily). This is largely a senior level chemistry problem.

Can you imagine an atom/molecule that acts like an inductor? One that is relatively small? This is a more difficult problem and I have no idea off-hand where on the periodic table we would look other than that we want it to be metallic. Most probably the "inductor" component would not actually be an atom or molecule but rather an excess electron confined to a specific helical path that generates the necessary magnetic field.

In any event, there is no reason to believe a nano-scale telegrapher's circuit is not achievable, and there are whole teams of scientists with more knowledge and experience than I working on it. I just have a passing familiarity and thought I'd share. I also think it is important to realize that there is, as of yet, no physical explanation for this phenomenon. It is largely a matter of cataloging observations and compiling them into a conveniently condense mathematical form.

[junglelord]

Here Are some of my mad ideas that I more or less conceived.


First on the list is something I call the Atomic Depository! AD for short. Basically it is on Ion gun, similar to the technology used in ion beam implantation for doping silicon, but instead operates like ion-deposition printer.
On electron gun, like those inside the CRT monitors, deposits a negative charge on the work surface and a high density positively charged ion current is then directed at the work surface. By scanning both the ion beam and the electron beam in a synchronized way so that the two beams do not interfere with each other, it should be possibly to construct a tree dimensional part.
The part would be built on the work surface just like on image is built on the phosphor coated glass inside the CRT display. The tolerance and resolution of the part would wary from crude to down all the way to nanometers. The ion work beam, that is, the beam that deposits the mass on the work surface, will be and can be made virtually from any element that is found in the periodic table! Plus the ion work beam can be made a homogenous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture to create end product materials and parts that would have unheard of strength, durability and resistance to corrosion. Plus the AD would give us on unprecedented control over the properties of the materials that could be made using this device. We would be able to TUNE the work material to get the desired property. By producing a million microscopic variations of a material and looking for the one that matches our desired properties we will be able to evolve super materials. Take solder for example, made of tin and lead, both have a higher melting point than solder, but, when mixed together, they melt at a much lower temperature! So these are only two different materials, if one were to take in to account all the elements in the periodic table and all the different mix proportions that are possibly, the amount of materials that one can make are in the trillions!
The AD would construct a integrated testing circuit, it would come complete with on array of tests and sensors that one could image! Inside the ITC will be the material that will undergo the destructive test , it was included there when the ITC was build. The ITC itself is tiny, comparable to a CPU. The ITC is made from a million cells. Each individual cell would test the material for a specific parameter. The information from each test would go to on outside supercomputer which controls the device. The supercomputer would find the two samples that more closely match the preprogramed parameters and mate them. The mating result would be another million samples inside a new ITC. And so the cycle would repeat until the parameters were matched. In a mature technology the cycle ideally would last seconds and be massively parallel, that is, there would be a million ITC's constructed in each cycle.
How difficult will this technology be to develop? IF scientist had a proper understanding of plasma and its behavior, this would be very easy to implement! In other words the most difficult part is the control of plasma! The computer science is already advanced to this point. Tesla gave us a hint at a plasma that can accomplish this. He once built a bulb that developed a plasma inside it that had no inertia! On the other hand once the first crude AD device is made it will quickly cycle through many generations and became a highly capable industry standard manufacturing tool. Why? Even the most primitive AD will be able to make parts that will better itself! The possibilities are endless.

I call this future technology PLASMAMASSTRONICS!

[junglelord]

PROGRESS ARTICLE
A. K. GEIM AND K. S. NOVOSELOV
Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of
Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

http://onnes.ph.man.ac.uk/nano/Publicat ... Review.pdf

Thanks Jungle
~

Your welcome.

Materials That Should Not Exist.

More than 70 years ago, Landau and Peierls argued that strictly 2D
crystals were thermodynamically unstable and could not exist11,12.
Th eir theory pointed out that a divergent contribution of thermal
fl uctuations in low-dimensional crystal lattices should lead to such
displacements of atoms that they become comparable to interatomic
distances at any fi nite temperature13. Th e argument was later
extended by Mermin14 and is strongly supported by an omnibus
of experimental observations. Indeed, the melting temperature
of thin fi lms rapidly decreases with decreasing thickness, and the
fi lms become unstable (segregate into islands or decompose) at a
thickness of, typically, dozens of atomic layers15,16. For this reason,
atomic monolayers have so far been known only as an integral
part of larger 3D structures, usually grown epitaxially on top of
monocrystals with matching crystal lattices15,16. Without such a
3D base, 2D materials were presumed not to exist, until 2004, when
the common wisdom was fl aunted by the experimental discovery
of graphene7 and other free-standing 2D atomic crystals (for
example, single-layer boron nitride and half-layer BSCCO)8. Th ese
crystals could be obtained on top of non-crystalline substrates8–10,
in liquid suspension7,17 and as suspended membranes18.
Importantly, the 2D crystals were found not only to be
continuous but to exhibit high crystal quality7–10,17,18. Th e latter is most
obvious for the case of graphene, in which charge carriers can travel
thousands of interatomic distances without scattering7–10. With the
benefi t of hindsight, the existence of such one-atom-thick crystals can
be reconciled with theory. Indeed, it can be argued that the obtained
2D crystallites are quenched in a metastable state because they are
extracted from 3D materials, whereas their small size (<<1 mm) and
strong interatomic bonds ensure that thermal fl uctuations cannot
lead to the generation of dislocations or other crystal defects even
at elevated temperature13,14. A complementary viewpoint is that the
extracted 2D crystals become intrinsically stable by gentle crumpling
in the third dimension18,19 (for an artist’s impression of the crumpling,
see the cover of this issue). Such 3D warping (observed on a lateral
scale of ≈10 nm)18 leads to a gain in elastic energy but suppresses
thermal vibrations (anomalously large in 2D), which above a certain
temperature can minimize the total free energy19.
More than 70 years ago, Landau and Peierls argued that strictly 2D
crystals were thermodynamically unstable and could not exist11,12.
Th eir theory pointed out that a divergent contribution of thermal
fl uctuations in low-dimensional crystal lattices should lead to such
displacements of atoms that they become comparable to interatomic
distances at any fi nite temperature13. Th e argument was later
extended by Mermin14 and is strongly supported by an omnibus
of experimental observations. Indeed, the melting temperature
of thin fi lms rapidly decreases with decreasing thickness, and the
fi lms become unstable (segregate into islands or decompose) at a
thickness of, typically, dozens of atomic layers15,16. For this reason,
atomic monolayers have so far been known only as an integral
part of larger 3D structures, usually grown epitaxially on top of
monocrystals with matching crystal lattices15,16. Without such a
3D base, 2D materials were presumed not to exist, until 2004, when
the common wisdom was fl aunted by the experimental discovery
of graphene7 and other free-standing 2D atomic crystals (for
example, single-layer boron nitride and half-layer BSCCO)8. Th ese
crystals could be obtained on top of non-crystalline substrates8–10,
in liquid suspension7,17 and as suspended membranes18.
Importantly, the 2D crystals were found not only to be
continuous but to exhibit high crystal quality7–10,17,18. Th e latter is most
obvious for the case of graphene, in which charge carriers can travel
thousands of interatomic distances without scattering7–10. With the
benefi t of hindsight, the existence of such one-atom-thick crystals can
be reconciled with theory. Indeed, it can be argued that the obtained
2D crystallites are quenched in a metastable state because they are
extracted from 3D materials, whereas their small size (<<1 mm) and
strong interatomic bonds ensure that thermal fl uctuations cannot
lead to the generation of dislocations or other crystal defects even
at elevated temperature13,14. A complementary viewpoint is that the
extracted 2D crystals become intrinsically stable by gentle crumpling
in the third dimension18,19 (for an artist’s impression of the crumpling,
see the cover of this issue). Such 3D warping (observed on a lateral
scale of ≈10 nm)18 leads to a gain in elastic energy but suppresses
thermal vibrations (anomalously large in 2D), which above a certain
temperature can minimize the total free energy19.

[Peron]

Eric Drexler

http://e-drexler.com/d/06/00/EOC/EOC_Ta ... tents.html

[tangointhenight]

PLASMAMASSTRONICS! is the future of manufacturing.

[Mallas]

Wal Thornhill himself and I quote,
"Back to the Future", will be come science fact from science fiction...
The Ralph Sansbury Model.

There is an impression, as I reread the work of Sansbury and other
>classical physicists, that what we are facing is something like "Back
>to the Future". And like the movie of that name, the possibilities
>that we encounter will seem like science fiction come true. But it is
>well-known that science fiction writers are better at predicting the
>future of science than experts!
>
>Wal Thornhill

http://www.bearfabrique.org/Catastrophism/Wallsan.txt

I don't buy time travel....but the predator suit, real deal.

When Wal is referring to "Back to the future", I am sure he means that what Marty McFly (and the audience) sees in the future and not the time travel itself.
Or I missed something here.
Jewels Verne is another great example of predicting future technologies.

Nano-tech should scare everyone. Look at any new technology that has come about. Always being used and abused by the military.

Imagine what governments could do with millions of little nano-bugs invisible to the naked eye.

Time to start walking around wearing a pulsing EMP belts.

[tangointhenight]

Nanotechnology and Daily Life

Advancing technology may end or extend life, but it can also change its quality. Products based on nanotechnology will permeate the daily lives of people who choose to use them. Some consequences will be trivial; others may be profound.

Some products will have effects as ordinary as simplifying housekeeping (and as substantial as reducing the causes of domestic quarrels). It should be no great trick, for example, to make everything from dishes to carpets self-cleaning, and household air permanently fresh. For properly designed nanomachines, dirt would be food.

Other systems based on nanotechnology could produce fresh food - genuine meat, grain, vegetables, and so forth - in the home, year round. These foods result from cells growing in certain patterns in plants and animals; cells can be coaxed to grow in these same patterns elsewhere. Home food growers will let people eat ordinary diets without killing anything. The animal rights movement (the forerunner of a movement to protect all conscious, feeling entities?) will be strengthened accordingly.

Nanotechnology will make possible high-resolution screens that project different images to each eye; the result will be three-dimensional television so real that the screen seems like a window into another world. Screens of this sort could line the helmet of a suit much like the spacesuit described in Chapter 6. The suit itself, rather than being programmed to transmit forces and textures from outside, could instead apply to the skin forces and textures defined by a complex, interactive program. A suit and helmet combination of this sort could simulate most of the sights and sensations of an entire environment, whether real or imaginary. Nanotechnology will make possible vivid art forms and fantasy worlds far more absorbing than any book, game, or movie.

Advanced technologies will make possible a whole world of products that make modern conveniences seem inconvenient and dangerous. Why shouldn't objects be light, flexible, durable, and cooperative? Why shouldn't walls look like whatever we want, and transmit only the sounds we want to hear? And why should buildings and cars ever crush or roast their occupants? For those who wish, the environment of daily life can resemble some of the wilder descriptions found in science fiction.

Cant wait.

http://e-drexler.com/d/06/00/EOC/EOC_Ch ... tion01of05

[junglelord]

Physicists have investigated the purest graphene to date, and have found that the material possesses unprecedented high electronic quality. The discovery has raised the bar for this relatively new material, and challenges scientists to find out just how perfect graphene can be.
http://www.physorg.com/news174654627.html

[moses]

Let's consider the dangers of nanotechnology too.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20 ... 112524.htm
Mo

[david barclay]

The geometry of structure corresponds to function as both form and function are derived from one source.

Nature is super efficient, which is why certain geometric patterns are consistently repeated.

At the nano level this becomes increasingly evident, as in the case of the nano rings producing persistent current, which can actually be measured.

http://www.physorg.com/news174222765.html