Hi Stefan,
Some initial thoughts on the Fabre d'Olivet passage.
It is however true to say that in the passage in question, the sense presented by the Septuagint is even worse, and further from the original than that of the Vulgate,...
I think he is incorrect here because a) the Septuagint is the oldest version, modern Jews using the later Masoretic text, and b) there is little if anything original in the whichever version is used, being mostly a combination of Babylonian, Phoenician, Egyptian etc material
(to say nothing of the Perennial Philosophy generally). Be that as it may, the crux of the passage is this part:
This error, whose consequences are of the highest importance if one wants to understand the ancient sciences, has it's source in the ignorance of most of the erudite moderns of the way in which the Ancients wrote history. This has no resemblance to our own. The Ancients considered things in general and in their metaphysical relationships. We note dates and facts with scrupulous accuracy, we follow step be step the lives of individuals who did not concern them in the least. Their history, entrusted to human memory or preserved in the priestly archives of the temples in separate fragments of poetry, were all allegorical; individual people were nothing to it; it saw everywhere the universal spirit that moved them, it personified all its faculties, opposed them to one another, and their developments. It is in transforming these spiritual faculties, or, if one prefers, these moral beings, into so many human individuals, that have fallen into such shocking contradictions with regard to Moses, and disfigured the cosmogony of that divine man to the point of making it unrecognizable.
D'Olivet makes some good points there but, I feel, he falls into the either / or trap, i.e. it is either allegorical or it isn't. My own view is that, speaking generally, these ancient texts can and usually do operate at several levels simultaneously.
An obvious example, and one I've mentioned elsewhere in this thread, is the Iliad. In this wonderful book there is:
Popular history - How we Greeks are superior to them there pesky Trojans. And here, I believe that the heroes (small aitch) are based on real people, just as British legends of, say, King Arthur or Robin Hood are based on actual people.Related to this is the macho eyeball to
eyeball combat and the blood and gore (and there is plenty of this latter).
Then there is a moral dimension - The futility of war, e.g. no matter how good you are you can still get killed by accident or chance. For example there are several incidents where person A hurls a spear at person B. B dodges and person C stood behind him takes the spear full in the face resulting in an explosion of eyes, teeth and brains from 'the cruel bronze' as Homer calls it.
There is also personal morality as in the behaviour of, e.g. Agamemnon in his caliming of Briseis, and Achilles behaviour in reaction to this. On the other side there is Hector's behaviour when he get's the armour of Achilles from the body of Patroclus, and Menelaus' behaviour when he defends the body of Patroclus. (Magnificent scene that one).
There is politics in the various councils held by both coalitions, and also in the truces arranged between Greeks and Trojans etc.
There is metaphysics involved in the various scenes involving the gods etc. And the lesson here is that there are no 'gods'.
Then there is the Alchemy. This is one of, if not the, central themes of the book. Bear in mind that Achilles does not die in the Iliad or in anything written by Homer (there is no Wooden Horse either). For those who know something of the alchemical process (those who don't can consider the stories of Jesus, Daniel, Jonah and the Buddha):
Achilles spends most of the book in his tent (tomb, womb, cave, den, whale etc). At one point he is offered vast amounts of treasure and riches by Agamemnon which he refuses.
Patroclus is related to Achilles (cousin), Patroclus was trained by Achilles (both in arms and leadership), they were supposed to be lovers. Patroclus is wearing the armour of Achilles when he is killed.
Patroclus IS Achilles. It is only the death of Patroclus that Achilles comes out of his tent. When he does emerge he is a transformed character - he is beyond good and evil. His new Adamantine armour, as produced by Hephaestus (who represents the creative spark or impulse) is Achilles' Will. En route to take on Hector, Achilles battles a river-god (Scamander). Scamander represents a force of Nature and in order to defeat (control) this force of Nature, Achilles is aided by Hera, via Hephaestus, who represent higher forces (or Laws) of Nature.
Achilles defeats Hector with the aid of Athene and his armour - his Mind and his Will.
After the death of Hector (Hektor, tamer of horses), Hermes comes into the story. Whereas Athene represents the Mind (Plato's higher mind) and is a sort of intermediate step, Hermes represents a direct connection with the Universal Mind.
There is much, much more in this awesome. I got all that and much more from one quick read. I finished it 6-8 weeks ago and there are still things popping into my head.
The OT will be similar in content but it is so scrambled and corrupted that it is very diffcult to glean anything from it. For example, morality in the OT is virtually non-existent unless one flips or reverses what is written. Homer (and Greeks generally) have no problem extolling the virtues of their enemies but the Hebrews, Jews, Israelites do nothing but gloat over the mis-fortunes of theirs. There is none of the grace, subtlety, gentility, compassion or beauty of
Plato in
any of the Abrahamic literature.
There is cosmology, alchemy, etc in the OT, e.g. the 'Fall' is alchemy (in reverse - one becoming two) but it is very difficult to make any sense of anything.
There is also subjects such as anatomy in some of these ancient texts. I personally don't know much about anatomy but often, e.g. the numbers of 'sons' represent the number of bones in a particular part of the body.
I have no problem with D'Olivet's assertion that humans have been on this planet for a very long time - this fits in with my understanding of cyclical time as per the Vedas etc. I see the OT as being post-catastrophe whereas the Vedas go back much further, at least as far as the content is concerned).
Stefan you are now level-pegging with Edwin Van Der Sar as my favourite Nederlander
I hope you have had as easy a day as he has (United beat Bolton to move to the top of the Premiership
). Here's a little (strained) synchronicity for you:
I've just noticed that our newest member is called David Sadler. David Sadler was a member of United's European Cup winng side of 1968. United beat Benfica who had a (great) player named Eusebio. Sadler only played because Denis Law was injured. Denis Bergkamp was named after Denis Law (King Denis). I thought I would throw that in at no extra cost.