Hydrocarbons in the Deep Earth?

[sureshbansal342]

sureshbansal, thank you.

c) i want the safety of my hypothesis.

If you mean you wish to make money off of your knowledge, then I doubt if you will. Too much power and money against you.

3. hydrocarbons are very much scientific evidence of Gaia hypothesis because we have valid evidence of its deep origin as well as biogenic origin also. it is clear evidence that crude oil has deep origin .unfortunately they have diverted it toward abiogenic origin because they are not aware about this model. there is no solid reason that oil can not be biogenic in origin while it has deep origin also.they have manipluated the strong chemical evidence of its biogenic origin.
more over i have solved the mystery that sediments are only good signatures of presence of oil near there but no involvement to produce it.

Well, I know almost nothing about this, except vaguely understanding the layman's concept. Why are sediments near oil deposits?

when people will know this basic point it will be easy to find oil without mistake.

How? You may as well tell the world, maybe something good will come of it.

thank you...

CAN YOU TELL ME PLEASE THE REASON ,THAT WHY WE ARE GETTING OIL NEAR WELL ESTABLISHED SEDIMENTS ?

[Goldminer]

sureshbansal, thank you.

c) i want the safety of my hypothesis.

If you mean you wish to make money off of your knowledge, then I doubt if you will. Too much power and money against you.

3. hydrocarbons are very much scientific evidence of Gaia hypothesis because we have valid evidence of its deep origin as well as biogenic origin also. it is clear evidence that crude oil has deep origin .unfortunately they have diverted it toward abiogenic origin because they are not aware about this model. there is no solid reason that oil can not be biogenic in origin while it has deep origin also.they have manipluated the strong chemical evidence of its biogenic origin.
more over i have solved the mystery that sediments are only good signatures of presence of oil near there but no involvement to produce it.

Well, I know almost nothing about this, except vaguely understanding the layman's concept. Why are sediments near oil deposits?

when people will know this basic point it will be easy to find oil without mistake.

How? You may as well tell the world, maybe something good will come of it.

thank you...

CAN YOU TELL ME PLEASE THE REASON ,THAT WHY WE ARE GETTING OIL NEAR WELL ESTABLISHED SEDIMENTS ?

Because that's where the wells are?

[sureshbansal342]

sureshbansal, thank you.

c) i want the safety of my hypothesis.

If you mean you wish to make money off of your knowledge, then I doubt if you will. Too much power and money against you.

3. hydrocarbons are very much scientific evidence of Gaia hypothesis because we have valid evidence of its deep origin as well as biogenic origin also. it is clear evidence that crude oil has deep origin .unfortunately they have diverted it toward abiogenic origin because they are not aware about this model. there is no solid reason that oil can not be biogenic in origin while it has deep origin also.they have manipluated the strong chemical evidence of its biogenic origin.
more over i have solved the mystery that sediments are only good signatures of presence of oil near there but no involvement to produce it.

Well, I know almost nothing about this, except vaguely understanding the layman's concept. Why are sediments near oil deposits?

when people will know this basic point it will be easy to find oil without mistake.

How? You may as well tell the world, maybe something good will come of it.

thank you...

CAN YOU TELL ME PLEASE THE REASON ,THAT WHY WE ARE GETTING OIL NEAR WELL ESTABLISHED SEDIMENTS ?

Because that's where the wells are?

agreed , but why wells are there near the well established sediments ?

[Sparky]

sureshbansal342 wrote:

-when people will know this basic point it will be easy to find oil without mistake.

Sparky wrote:

How? You may as well tell the world, maybe something good will come of it.

sureshbansal342 wrote:

CAN YOU TELL ME PLEASE THE REASON ,THAT WHY WE ARE GETTING OIL NEAR WELL ESTABLISHED SEDIMENTS ?

Suresh, I was asking you how to find oil bearing sediments that are the only good signatures of presence of oil.

I don't know.. So, why are sediments near oil?

[sureshbansal342]

sureshbansal342 wrote:

-when people will know this basic point it will be easy to find oil without mistake.

Sparky wrote:

How? You may as well tell the world, maybe something good will come of it.

sureshbansal342 wrote:

CAN YOU TELL ME PLEASE THE REASON ,THAT WHY WE ARE GETTING OIL NEAR WELL ESTABLISHED SEDIMENTS ?

Suresh, I was asking you how to find oil bearing sediments that are the only good signatures of presence of oil.

I don't know.. So, why are sediments near oil?

AS per current understanding petroleum is a fossil fuel and has been formed from deceased animals of past life. but it is not true. i have solved this mystery and there is an another reason only . when we will know the correct reason it will be very easy to find new locations of oils without mistake. i am seeking safe international stage to disclose it.

[Anaconda]

Geologically speaking, 4500 mile Rift (all Valley?) has the deep earth activity we're looking for: "Great Rift Valley, which runs 4,500 miles from southern Africa, under the Red Sea, and into Syria in southwestern Asia. it is so huge a geological feature that it is prominently visible to lunar and space-shuttle astronauts...

BobDodds is quite right to point out the "Great Rift Valley" in Africa as a potential source of abiotic oil.

Ever since British oil company, Tullow Oil, discovered an estimated 2 billion barrels of oil in Uganda in 2009 the geopolitical importance of the entire central African region suddenly underwent change.

The "Great Rift Valley" is a rift extending from the Afar triple junction:

East Africa's Great Rift Valley: A Complex Rift System, by by James Wood and Alex Guth - Michigan Technological University (Geology.com)

The East African Rift System (EARS) is one the geologic wonders of the world, a place where the earth's tectonic forces are presently trying to create new plates by splitting apart old ones. In simple terms, a rift can be thought of as a fracture in the earth's surface that widens over time, or more technically, as an elongate basin bounded by opposed steeply dipping normal faults. Geologists are still debating exactly how rifting comes about, but the process is so well displayed in East Africa (Ethiopia-Kenya-Uganda-Tanzania) that geologists have attached a name to the new plate-to-be; the Nubian Plate makes up most of Africa, while the smaller plate that is pulling away has been named the Somalian Plate (Figure 1). These two plates are moving away form each other and also away from the Arabian plate to the north. The point where these three plates meet in the Afar region of Ethiopia forms what is called a triple-junction. However, all the rifting in East Africa is not confined to the Horn of Africa; there is a lot of rifting activity further south as well, extending into Kenya and Tanzania and Great Lakes region of Africa. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the general geology of these rifts are and highlight the geologic processes involved in their formation.

http://geology.com/articles/east-africa-rift.shtml

This board has discussed triple junction fault basins when it discussed the facts & evidence for abiotic oil in the Sirte basin, Libya (although, it was not specifically identified as a triple junction rift system).

The Sirte Basin is a late Mesozoic and Tertiary triple junction continental rift (extensional basin) along northern Africa that was initiated during the late Jurassic Period. It borders a relatively stable Paleozoic craton and cratonic sag basins along its southern margins. The province extends offshore into the Mediterranean Sea, with the northern boundary drawn at the 2,000 meter (m) bathymetric contour. It borders in the north on the Gulf of Sidra and extends south into northern Chad.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirte_Basin

Triple junction rift systems have long been identified as prolific hydrocarbon systems.

Plate Junctions and Hydrocarbon Accumulations in the Indian Region, N. G. K. Nair, V. K. Gaur, K. N. Khattri AD, H. Sinvhal (1981)

This article relates the productive and potential oil fields in India to plate junctions and other major tectonic features. High geothermal gradients are known to accelerate the expulsion of petroleum from the source bed, as well as its migration and accumulation in favourable reservoir rocks, resulting in high yield. Some of the world's major petroleum deposits occur along ‘failed arms’ associated with the plume generated triple junctions. Seven triple junctions have been located in the Indian region, and two more are identified here. Interestingly, India's off-shore petroleum prospects coincide with some of these triple junctions.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1 ... x/abstract

The Sirte Basin, as mentioned previously, has numerous abiotic indications, such as the presence of dolomite and "stacked" (oil in multiple seperate rock layers in the same vertical geological column) oil fields, which both Eugene Coste and Nikolai Kudryavtsev (Kudryavtsev's Rule) identified as evidence for Abiotic Oil Theory.

The Gialo High is a relatively small horst block in the eastern Sirte Basin. It is most important and primarily known for the stacked oil fields in rocks ranging from the Early Cretaceous to Oligocene age. There are several billion barrels of oil reserves associated with the structure both over the crest of the horst as well as flanking the high in the adjacent graben.

Repeated ('reactivated') uplift & subsidence has also been identified consistent with Abiotic Oil Theory:

The area's structural weakness is exemplified by alternating periods of uplift and subsidence originating in the Late Precambrian, commencing with the Pan-African orogeny that consolidated a number of proto-continental fragments into an early Gondwanaland. Rifting commenced in the Early Cretaceous, peaked in the Late Cretaceous, and ended in the early Tertiary, resulting in the triple junction within the basin. The Late Cretaceous rifting event is characterized by formation of a sequence of northwest-trending horsts and grabens that step progressively downward to the east; the Sirte Trough represents the deepest portion of the basin. These horsts and grabens extend from onshore areas northward into a complex offshore terrane that includes the Ionian Sea abyssal plain to the northeast.

Geological structural 'weakness' has been identified by Eugene Coste as evidence for Abiotic Oil Theory:

Oil and gas were only supplied along some of the lines of structural weakness or along some of the fractured zones of the crust of the earth, and, therefore, the new fields are to be found only along these zones or belts...

Other triple junction fault systems have been discovered to have prolific hydrocarbon deposits:

Petroleum geology of the Niger Delta, H. Doust (1990)

The Niger Delta is one of the World’s largest Tertiary delta systems and an extremely prolific hydrocarbon province. It is situated on the West African continental margin at the apex of the Gulf of Guinea, which formed the site of a triple junction during continental break-up in the Cretaceous...

http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/50/1/365.abstract

Other areas with triple junction fault systems have been identified as potential hydrocarbon bearing regions:

Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs:

Petroleum Geology of Trinidad
All the positive elements for the formation and accumulation of hydrocarbons (oil and gas) in commercial quantities exist in the Trinidad area, i.e. traps, reservoir rocks and source rocks.

Trinidad is situated at the triple junction formed by the meeting of three plates, the Caribbean, South American and North Atlantic Plates. As a result, this small island and its surroundings is one of the most geologically complex areas of the world and has often been called “the graveyard of geologists” by commentators on our geological history. However, we continue to attract international oil exploration companies who, although challenged by this complexity, are always convinced that their theories are better than their competitors’ and that they would be successful in discovering new accumulations of petroleum. The interaction of these plates at the triple junction, with each other and the plates surrounding them has resulted in the formation of folded (anticlines) and faulted structures, ideal structural traps for the accumulation of petroleum.

http://www.energy.gov.tt/energy_resources.php?mid=44

The United States has offshore potential hydrocarbon deposits related to a triple junction system:

Effect of the northward-migrating Mendocino triple junction on the Eel River forearc basin, California: Structural evolution, Sean P.S. Gulick and Anne S. Meltzer (2002)

Abstract
Offshore northern California, the Gorda plate is subducting obliquely beneath North America; the resulting complicated tectonic setting forms the southern end of the Cascadia subduction zone. The southern Cascadia subduction zone and overlying Eel River forearc basin lie just north of the unstable Mendocino triple junction. The Neogene strata of the Eel River basin record structural deformation caused by the underthrusting of the Gorda plate as well as deformation generated by northward migration and encroachment of the Mendocino triple junction. Three distinct deformation regimes are present in the Eel River forearc basin. (1) Along the western margin of the forearc basin and within the foreslope of the accretionary prism, thrust faults and anticlines record Pliocene– Pleistocene shortening caused by subduction of the Gorda plate. (2) The southern part of the basin rotated counterclockwise in the late Pleistocene, resulting in modern transpressional deformation offshore Humboldt Bay. The rotation and deformation are caused by north-south convergence across the boundary between the Pacific plate and the southernmost part of the forearc basin at the triple junction. (3) The northeastern margin of the Eel River basin is deformed by high-angle faults with a component of strike-slip motion that may represent the incipient northward propagation of the Pacific–North American transform system north of the triple junction.

http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/ ... 5.abstract

And for a visual schematic of the Mendocino triple junction fault system:

United States Geological Survey, Mendocino Triple Junction Offshore Northern California, Written by David Oppenheimer

The Mendocino Triple Junction (MTJ) is one of the most seismically active regions of the San Andreas transform system. Since 1983 the region (Figure 1) has generated about 80 M3.0 quakes each year, and historically the region has experienced major quakes. This activity is generated in response to ongoing plate motions between the Gorda, North America, and Pacific plates.

Figure 1. M2 in northern California coastal region 1985-2003. White lines are major roads. Brown lines are faults active since the Late Quaternary. Labeled green polygons bound regions described in scenario section of text. G-NA= Gorda-North America, G-P= Gorda-Pacific, and P-NA=Pacific North America.

http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations ... ocino.html

Getting back to the "Great Rift Valley", a triple junction rift system is complex and goes beyond the well-known East African Rift:

The oldest and best defined rift occurs in the Afar region of Ethiopia and this rift is usually referred to as the Ethiopian Rift. Further to the South a series of rifts occur which include a Western branch, the "Lake Albert Rift" or "Albertine Rift" which contains the East African Great Lakes, and an Eastern branch that roughly bisects Kenya north-to-south on a line slightly west of Nairobi (Figure 2). These two branches together have been termed the East African Rift (EAR), while parts of the Eastern branch have been variously termed the Kenya Rift or the Gregory Rift (after the geologist who first mapped it in the early 1900's). The two EAR branches are often grouped with the Ethiopian Rift to form the East Africa Rift System (EARS). The complete rift system therefore extends 1000's of kilometers in Africa alone and several 1000 more if we include the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden as extensions. In addition there are several well-defined but definitely smaller structures, called grabens, that have rift-like character and are clearly associated geologically with the major rifts. Some of these have been given names reflecting this such as the Nyanza Rift in Western Kenya near Lake Victoria. Thus, what people might assume to be a single rift somewhere in East Africa is really a series of distinct rift basins which are all related and produce the distinctive geology and topography of East Africa.

http://geology.com/articles/east-africa-rift.shtml

BobDodds identified just one area along this giant triple junction rift system discovered to have petroleum:

Ever since British oil company, Tullow Oil, discovered an estimated 2 billion barrels of oil in Uganda in 2009 the geopolitical importance of the entire central African region suddenly underwent change.

Wood & Guth discuss the possible geological process that cause the triple junction:

The exact mechanism of rift formation is an on-going debate among geologists and geophysicists. One popular model for the EARS assumes that elevated heat flow from the mantle (strictly the asthenosphere) is causing a pair of thermal "bulges" in central Kenya and the Afar region of north-central Ethiopia. These bulges can be easily seen as elevated highlands on any topographic map of the area (Figure 1). As these bulges form, they stretch and fracture the outer brittle crust into a series of normal faults forming the classic horst and graben structure of rift valleys (Figure 3). Most current geological thinking holds that bulges are initiated by mantle plumes under the continent heating the overlying crust and causing it to expand and fracture. Ideally the dominant fractures created occur in a pattern consisting of three fractures or fracture zones radiating from a point with an angular separation of 120 degrees. The point from which the three branches radiate is called a "triple junction" and is well illustrated in the Afar region of Ethiopia (Figure 4), where two branches are occupied by the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, and the third rift branch runs to the south through Ethiopia.

In other words, the rift forms as a pull-apart rift (pull-apart basin) with extentional faulting in a series of faults parallel to the main rift expressed by horst & graben fault patterns.

Volcanism is discussed in relation to the "Great Rift Valley":

The stretching process associated with rift formation is often preceded by huge volcanic eruptions which flow over large areas and are usually preserved/exposed on the flanks of the rift. These eruptions are considered by some geologists to be "flood basalts" - the lava is erupted along fractures (rather than at individual volcanoes) and runs over the land in sheets like water during a flood. Such eruptions can cover massive areas of land and develop enormous thicknesses (the Deccan Traps of India and the Siberian Traps are examples). If the stretching of the crust continues, it forms a "stretched zone" of thinned crust consisting of a mix of basaltic and continental rocks which eventually drops below sea level, as has happened in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Further stretching leads to the formation of oceanic crust and the birth of a new ocean basin.

The oil- and gas-fields are located along the faulted and fissured zones of the crust of the earth, parallel to the great orogenic and volcanic dislocations. -- Eugene Coste, abiotic oil theorist & hydrocarbon explorationist, 1905

The Siberian Traps have been extensively discussed on this board as evidence for Abiotic Oil Theory.

As this discussion has shown there is significant reason to explore for large abiotic petroleum deposits along the "Great Rift Valley" as numerous triple junction fault systems have been found to have substantial petroleum reservoirs and others may also have huge petroleum deposits yet to be discovered & produced.

[Anaconda]

An interesting additional triple junction rift system which is well known to produce hydrocarbons is the North Sea. Here is the abstract for a paper describing the North Sea triple junction rift basin:

Jurassic extension estimates for the North Sea ‘triple junction’ from flexural backstripping: implications for decompression melting models, D.B. Hendrie, N.J. Kusznir, R.H. Hunter (1993)

Abstract
The Rattray volcanics lie at the `triple junction' between the three arms of the North Sea rift system. The mildly undersaturated volcanics in this province were erupted during the early syn-rift phase of a Middle-Late Jurassic rifting event, and are thought to be the products of decompression-induced partial melting of the mantle, resulting from lithospheric attenuation during rifting. Situated as they are in one of the most intensively studied rift basins in the world, the Rattray volcanics provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate the relationship between extension and melting described by McKenzie and Bickle.

This study uses a modified version of the backstripping technique, which takes into account the flexural strength of the lithosphere, to constrain the stretching factor, β, for the Jurassic rift phase. Two-dimensional interpreted sections are flexurally backstripped to the base post-rift to give an initial estimate of β. β is then further constrained by forward modelling to the base post-rift basin geometry generated by backstripping. Forward modelling uses the flexural cantilever model, a combined simple-shear/pure-shear model for continental extension which takes into account the thermal, rheological and flexural isostatic consequences of extension. This is an approach that is different from that of previous studies, which assume local, rather than regional, isostatic compensation to allow the backstripping of individual wells.

The results obtained in this new study give maximum Jurassic β-factors on each of the three rift arms close to the `triple junction' of 1.2-1.35. This suggests a maximum Jurassic β-factor in the `triple junction' itself of 1.35-1.75. This is considerably lower than previous estimates, and is due to the breakdown of the assumption used in these previous studies that Airy isostasy can approximate the response of a low flexural rigidity lithosphere in subsidence analysis. Whilst such a β-factor is insufficient to generate melt by decompression alone, an anomalously high mantle potential temperature (θ) and the presence of volatiles as well as a complex Mesozoic and Late Palaeozoic rifting history are likely to have played a role in the generation of melt.

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993E%26PSL.116..113H

So, volcanism directly connected to the deep crust and shallow mantle and "the presence of volatiles" is part of the triple junction rift system of the North Sea which has been producing oil & gas for decades.

In all the oil- and gas-fields or petroleum-deposits, the gaseous products are under a strong pressure which is not artesian or hydrostatic, which increases with depth, and which cannot be be anything else but a volcanic pressure. Oil, gas and bitumens are never indigenous to the strata in which they are found -- they are secondary products impregnating and cutting porous rocks of all ages, exactly as volcanic products alone can do. Oil and gas are stored products, in great abundance in certain localities, while neighboring localities often are entirely barren; and many of the strata among which they are found are impervious, that the source of these hydrocarbons must be the source below, which alone is abundant enough, and alone possesses sufficient energy, to force and accumulate such large quantities of these and associated products in so many spots through such impervious strata. The oil- and gas-fields are located along the faulted and fissured zones of the crust of the earth, parallel to the great orogenic and volcanic dislocations. -- Eugene Coste, geologist, abiotic oil theorist & hydrocarbon explorationist, 1905

Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, The Volcanic Origin of Oil. By Eugene Coste (1905)
http://books.google.com/books?id=2lALAA ... &q&f=false

For another perspective on the North Sea triple junction rift system:

Subsidence analyses from the North Sea ‘triple-junction’, N. White and D. Latin (1993)

Abstract
When compared with theoretical subsidence curves calculated from the uniform stretching model, water-loaded subsidence data from the ‘triple-junction’ region of the North Sea suggest that the Jurassic–Cretaceous rifting event caused lithospheric thinning by a factor of c. 2.0. Although somewhat larger than the stretching factors found elsewhere in the North Sea, this amount of thinning is anticipated from the overall geometry of the three-graben system and is consistent with the observed volume and elemental and isotopic composition of the Jurassic Forties volcanic province. Apart from in the southern North Sea, Permo-Triassic extension is thought to have been relatively minor in comparison to the later Jurassic-Cretaceous phase. The anomalously small amount of Late Jurassic syn-rift subsidence in those wells where local fault-controlled effects are minimal, supports the well-known idea of localized relative uplift or ‘doming’ in the triple-junction area (c. 104 km2) prior to and during the early stages of the Jurassic–Cretaceous rift phase. A time-dependent differential stretching model, in which the lithospheric mantle is initially stretched by a greater amount than the crust is stretched might provide an explanation. Such a model would require the total amount of stretching integrated over space and time to be the same for the lithospheric mantle and for the crust in order to avoid space problems. Alternatively, the same data could be explained by invoking a small transient thermal anomaly in the asthenosphere.

http://jgs.geoscienceworld.org/content/ ... 3.abstract

The first abstract puts more focus on volcanics of the North Sea triple junction rift system, while the second abstract puts more focus on the 'stretching' and 'thinning' of crust causing subsidence and structural weakness, and in some areas causing "relative uplift or 'doming'". 'Stretching' causes extensional faulting, parallel faults, and horst & graben fault patterns.

Abiotic Oil Theory predicts oil & gas in a geological formation such as this. Never let an individual make the claim Abiotic Oil Theory fails to predict where oil & gas is found because it already has been successful at predicting where giant petroleum deposits are located. The North Sea triple junction basin is just one of many geological structures impregnated with hydrocarbons consistent with Abiotic Oil Theory's predictions.

Oil and gas were only supplied along some of the lines of structural weakness or along some of the fractured zones of the crust of the earth, and, therefore, the new fields are to be found only along these zones or belts... It follows, therefore, that, as far as pratical results are concerned, the important point is to trace accurately these fissured zones or belts on good maps, and to drill in the localities thus indicated.

I have been at work ever since 1888, on maps of this character, embracing North America, and I hope to be able to publish my results before very long, as soon as our present knowledge of these most important structural dislocations is a little more complete.-- Eugene Coste, geologist, abiotic oil theorist & hydrocarbon explorationist, 1905

The oil- and gas-fields are located along the faulted and fissured zones of the crust of the earth, parallel to the great orogenic and volcanic dislocations. -- Eugene Coste, geologist, abiotic oil theorist & hydrocarbon explorationist, 1905

Thanks to modern science & technology those maps of the Earth's 'structural dislocations' are more detailed and have higher three-dimensional resolution than ever before so as to take advantage of Abiotic Oil Theory's predictions of abundant hydrocarbons the world over.

[sureshbansal342]

An interesting additional triple junction rift system which is well known to produce hydrocarbons is the North Sea. Here is the abstract for a paper describing the North Sea triple junction rift basin:

Jurassic extension estimates for the North Sea ‘triple junction’ from flexural backstripping: implications for decompression melting models, D.B. Hendrie, N.J. Kusznir, R.H. Hunter (1993)

Abstract
The Rattray volcanics lie at the `triple junction' between the three arms of the North Sea rift system. The mildly undersaturated volcanics in this province were erupted during the early syn-rift phase of a Middle-Late Jurassic rifting event, and are thought to be the products of decompression-induced partial melting of the mantle, resulting from lithospheric attenuation during rifting. Situated as they are in one of the most intensively studied rift basins in the world, the Rattray volcanics provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate the relationship between extension and melting described by McKenzie and Bickle.

This study uses a modified version of the backstripping technique, which takes into account the flexural strength of the lithosphere, to constrain the stretching factor, β, for the Jurassic rift phase. Two-dimensional interpreted sections are flexurally backstripped to the base post-rift to give an initial estimate of β. β is then further constrained by forward modelling to the base post-rift basin geometry generated by backstripping. Forward modelling uses the flexural cantilever model, a combined simple-shear/pure-shear model for continental extension which takes into account the thermal, rheological and flexural isostatic consequences of extension. This is an approach that is different from that of previous studies, which assume local, rather than regional, isostatic compensation to allow the backstripping of individual wells.

The results obtained in this new study give maximum Jurassic β-factors on each of the three rift arms close to the `triple junction' of 1.2-1.35. This suggests a maximum Jurassic β-factor in the `triple junction' itself of 1.35-1.75. This is considerably lower than previous estimates, and is due to the breakdown of the assumption used in these previous studies that Airy isostasy can approximate the response of a low flexural rigidity lithosphere in subsidence analysis. Whilst such a β-factor is insufficient to generate melt by decompression alone, an anomalously high mantle potential temperature (θ) and the presence of volatiles as well as a complex Mesozoic and Late Palaeozoic rifting history are likely to have played a role in the generation of melt.

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993E%26PSL.116..113H

So, volcanism directly connected to the deep crust and shallow mantle and "the presence of volatiles" is part of the triple junction rift system of the North Sea which has been producing oil & gas for decades.

In all the oil- and gas-fields or petroleum-deposits, the gaseous products are under a strong pressure which is not artesian or hydrostatic, which increases with depth, and which cannot be be anything else but a volcanic pressure. Oil, gas and bitumens are never indigenous to the strata in which they are found -- they are secondary products impregnating and cutting porous rocks of all ages, exactly as volcanic products alone can do. Oil and gas are stored products, in great abundance in certain localities, while neighboring localities often are entirely barren; and many of the strata among which they are found are impervious, that the source of these hydrocarbons must be the source below, which alone is abundant enough, and alone possesses sufficient energy, to force and accumulate such large quantities of these and associated products in so many spots through such impervious strata. The oil- and gas-fields are located along the faulted and fissured zones of the crust of the earth, parallel to the great orogenic and volcanic dislocations. -- Eugene Coste, geologist, abiotic oil theorist & hydrocarbon explorationist, 1905

Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, The Volcanic Origin of Oil. By Eugene Coste (1905)
http://books.google.com/books?id=2lALAA ... &q&f=false

For another perspective on the North Sea triple junction rift system:

Subsidence analyses from the North Sea ‘triple-junction’, N. White and D. Latin (1993)

Abstract
When compared with theoretical subsidence curves calculated from the uniform stretching model, water-loaded subsidence data from the ‘triple-junction’ region of the North Sea suggest that the Jurassic–Cretaceous rifting event caused lithospheric thinning by a factor of c. 2.0. Although somewhat larger than the stretching factors found elsewhere in the North Sea, this amount of thinning is anticipated from the overall geometry of the three-graben system and is consistent with the observed volume and elemental and isotopic composition of the Jurassic Forties volcanic province. Apart from in the southern North Sea, Permo-Triassic extension is thought to have been relatively minor in comparison to the later Jurassic-Cretaceous phase. The anomalously small amount of Late Jurassic syn-rift subsidence in those wells where local fault-controlled effects are minimal, supports the well-known idea of localized relative uplift or ‘doming’ in the triple-junction area (c. 104 km2) prior to and during the early stages of the Jurassic–Cretaceous rift phase. A time-dependent differential stretching model, in which the lithospheric mantle is initially stretched by a greater amount than the crust is stretched might provide an explanation. Such a model would require the total amount of stretching integrated over space and time to be the same for the lithospheric mantle and for the crust in order to avoid space problems. Alternatively, the same data could be explained by invoking a small transient thermal anomaly in the asthenosphere.

http://jgs.geoscienceworld.org/content/ ... 3.abstract

The first abstract puts more focus on volcanics of the North Sea triple junction rift system, while the second abstract puts more focus on the 'stretching' and 'thinning' of crust causing subsidence and structural weakness, and in some areas causing "relative uplift or 'doming'". 'Stretching' causes extensional faulting, parallel faults, and horst & graben fault patterns.

Abiotic Oil Theory predicts oil & gas in a geological formation such as this. Never let an individual make the claim Abiotic Oil Theory fails to predict where oil & gas is found because it already has been successful at predicting where giant petroleum deposits are located. The North Sea triple junction basin is just one of many geological structures impregnated with hydrocarbons consistent with Abiotic Oil Theory's predictions.

Oil and gas were only supplied along some of the lines of structural weakness or along some of the fractured zones of the crust of the earth, and, therefore, the new fields are to be found only along these zones or belts... It follows, therefore, that, as far as pratical results are concerned, the important point is to trace accurately these fissured zones or belts on good maps, and to drill in the localities thus indicated.

I have been at work ever since 1888, on maps of this character, embracing North America, and I hope to be able to publish my results before very long, as soon as our present knowledge of these most important structural dislocations is a little more complete.-- Eugene Coste, geologist, abiotic oil theorist & hydrocarbon explorationist, 1905

The oil- and gas-fields are located along the faulted and fissured zones of the crust of the earth, parallel to the great orogenic and volcanic dislocations. -- Eugene Coste, geologist, abiotic oil theorist & hydrocarbon explorationist, 1905

Thanks to modern science & technology those maps of the Earth's 'structural dislocations' are more detailed and have higher three-dimensional resolution than ever before so as to take advantage of Abiotic Oil Theory's predictions of abundant hydrocarbons the world over.

Dear Anaconda, there is no solid reason or compulsion that if oil has deep origin it must have abiogenic origin. there is no need to manipulate it with abiogenic origin while we have sufficient evidence of its organic origin. instead of manipulating it with abigenic origin there is hard need to observe that why it has biogenic origin while it has deep origin also. this will give us an important information about planet formation.

[Anaconda]

there is no need to manipulate it with abiogenic origin while we have sufficient evidence of its organic origin. instead of manipulating it with abigenic origin there is hard need to observe that why it has biogenic origin while it has deep origin also.

There is no "manipulation" just reasonable conclusions based on scientific facts & evidence.

sureshbansal342, you simply repeat yourself with no substantive contribution to the discussion. Don't get me wrong, I welcome objections and challenges to Abiotic Oil Theory, it's part of the scientific process. Answering objections and challenges helps demonstrate whether a theory is valid or false.

However, you have been asked to provide an explanation of your theory beyond "Earth is like a tree", which has zero scientific content. In fact, you have refused to do that:

i am seeking safe international stage to disclose it [my theory].

Sorry, that's avoiding a reasonable request. Please provide substantive objections or give a detailed explanation of your theory, not vague repetitive statements which add nothing to the discussion.

[Anaconda]

Oil and gas were only supplied along some of the lines of structural weakness or along some of the fractured zones of the crust of the earth, and, therefore, the new fields are to be found only along these zones or belts... It follows, therefore, that, as far as pratical results are concerned, the important point is to trace accurately these fissured zones or belts on good maps, and to drill in the localities thus indicated.

I have been at work ever since 1888, on maps of this character, embracing North America, and I hope to be able to publish my results before very long, as soon as our present knowledge of these most important structural dislocations is a little more complete.-- Eugene Coste, geologist, abiotic oil theorist & hydrocarbon explorationist, 1905

Has the modern petroleum exploration & discovery industry taken Eugene Coste's advice?

The answer is yes.

Offshore magazine, the premier trade journal of the offshore oil exploration & production industry, published an article: Imaging challenges in deepwater US/Mexico border zone, published January 1, 2010:

http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/pr ... enges.html

The oil industry is mapping the crystalline basement (bedrock) in order "to trace accurately these fissured zones or belts on good maps, and to drill in the localities thus indicated." In this Offshore magazine article it is explained how the tectonic structures in the seabed of the Gulf of Mexico are being mapped.

The challenge on both sides of the US/Mexico border is to image and to locate the Wilcox (and other) prospects adjacent to and below the salt canopy.

The Offshore article goes on:

Understanding the play-fairway opportunities in this setting requires a regional, structural, and stratigraphic context for the Wilcox including subsalt sediment distribution and a better understanding of the tectonic framework of the basement.

Here are quotes which confirm the modern petroleum exploration & discovery industry has taken Eugene Coste's advice "to trace accurately these fissured zones or belts on good maps":

Mapping the structure of the rifted basement, its impact on sedimentation, the distribution of autochthonous salt, and the location of the continental-oceanic boundary (COB) all were crucial within the workflow, which culminated in a new deep allochthonous salt isopach used to confirm existing drilled structures and to identify new prospects within the subsalt environment.

The study had a number of additional key objectives to help reach the goal of subsalt prospect identification, including:

1. Delineation of an integrated basement surface across the area

...basement density and susceptibility, location of open salt feeders, and the position of the COB.

Reference to "basement density and susceptibility", while a little vague essentially means the crustal thickness and potential for fissures and cracks where petroleum would rise up via vertical fracture conduits into covering sedimentary trapping structures (or potentially oil could be located in reservoirs within the basement below fracture lines).

This echoes the description from the second North Sea triple junction abstract which focussed on "stretching" and "thinning" of the crust causing extentional, parallel faults consisting of grabens.

The Continent-ocean boundary (COB) or continent-ocean transition is the boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust. The identification of continent-ocean boundaries is important in the definition of plate boundaries and the identification and mapping of fractures, tears, and rifts in the basement in association with this boundary area.

Notice what techniques are used to map the structures and find the oil:

•Construction of the final integrated basement using elements of seismic acoustic basement and magnetic basement
•2D gravity and magnetic modeling constrained with input from mapped seismic horizons, crustal thickness information, density/velocity data, and allochthonous salt distribution

The final result is a detailed map of the "structural weaknesses" which provide fracture conduits for vertical migration of hydrocarbons from below the surface of the crystalline basement (bedrock).

Results
Enhanced delineation of basement structure has lead to a better understanding of the original salt depositional environment and rift morphology, which in turn has had a significant control on subsequent salt mobilization.

The work confirmed that basement structure is dominated by NW-SE and NE-SW trending lineaments/faults. Deep allochthonous salt mobilization is controlled by many of these features.

The location of the COB has been delineated across the region using evidence from all three datasets. Due to the extremely attenuated nature of the continental crust in the region (6-12 km, 3¾ - 7½ mi thickness across the study area), differentiation between what is oceanic and what is attenuated crust was a major challenge and can only be resolved by combining all three datasets.

It's worthwhile to check out the third down schematic as an example of the basement structure:

Example of new basement geometry and structure in portion of Keathley Canyon. This shows a NE-SW trending horst and graben geometry.

http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/pr ... enges.html

A subsequent Offshore magazine article was published on the most advanced modeling of geological basins: Breakthrough in basin modeling using time/space frame, published September 1, 2010.

This Offshore article describes the ability to map the basement, made-up of a series of blocks, called horsts & grabens, and their formation and development over time & space. Again, echoing the second North Sea triple junction abstract's explanation for the basement's "stretching" and "thining" over time & space. The Offshore article has a series of schematics of these crustal blocks (well worth linking and taking a look at):

Gridding

The new generation of basin modeling simulation software (and other similar simulation engines) requires grids which:

1. Follow the stratigraphy
2. Have mostly cubic (hexahedral) cells
3. Have cell faces parallel to the fault surfaces
4. Cells against faults need to be “nicely degenerated” from hexahedra to pyramids, wedges, and tetrahedra.

These requirements are met by so called 2.5D grids (pillar grids). Pillar grids cannot handle the complex faulting required to model sedimentary basins. A UVT model can be constructed inside any fault network, including systems of antithetic and synthetic faults. From the UVT model, a hybrid grid, containing non-cubic cells at the fault locations to honor both faults and stratigraphy, is created. These hybrid meshes are numerically efficient compared to pure tetrahedral or hexahedral meshes as the “non-hexahedral” elements are in topological continuity with non-faulted hexahedral neighbors.

http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/pr ... frame.html

What is the importance of the time constraint? The fault networks' history of geologic activity allows better prediction of where petroleum deposits are located within the fault network.

These two Offshore articles are strong evidence of the petroleum exploration & discovery industry knows how important it is to the discovery of petroleum to map the fault networks of the crystalline basement just as Eugene Coste, geologist & abiotic theorist, suggested over a century ago.

[Chromium6]

I'm kind of curious what you might think (Bob/Anaconda/et al.) about this article on extensive deepsea vents.

http://iceagenow.info/2012/01/deep-sea- ... y-thought/

What I don't understand is that if there are underwater volcanos (or even earthquakes) going off globally, wouldn't that create fractures? Or possibly even create several natural "Deepwater Horizon" type events throughout history. Is there some kind of natural counterweight to handle these types of events from research into Abiotic oil?

Thanks for sharing Eugene Coste's work. Extremely interesting.

Might be of interest as well ( the intro is kind of lame alt. stuff).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JcVktqMjqY
http://evolutionaryleaps.com/2012/04/ro ... tas-radio/

Sy n o p s i s
By Mel Fabregas

Robert Felix makes a legitimate case for extinctions due to magnetic reversals. Why hasn’t the scientific community performed a more comprehensive and complete investigation? Given the biases of that system towards orthodox ideas, one wonders if such will ever occur. Perhaps only the inevitable geomagnetic reversal will ultimately resolve the mystery.

Schools have replaced science with non-science and this book brings back a lot of science. Felix answers a lot of questions. He answers Darwin’s missing link problem. He has good evidence to back up his theories. He explains how cataclysmic pole shifts are part of a cycle and how the deposits of coal and diamonds laying on top of dinosaurs’ bones came about. About how oil and diamonds raining from the sky that formed the layers on the Dino bones. Also, he tells about “natural” nuclear explosions can happen. He shows the geo evidence of their occurrence.

From past evidence, it appears that we are due another pole shift. The energies released cause a horrendous lighting storm all over the earth that amalgamates carbon gases in the atmosphere into oil, diamonds and radioactive isotopes. The radiation will mutate and kill the present lifeforms and new species will emerge… This is why there are no evolutionary links Darwin predicted…

There isn’t much written about what happened over 10,000 years ago since we couldn’t write; so observation, analysis and insight are key to understanding the past. This book is about cycles. Felix tells us we are approaching the end of an 11,500 year warming period and about to enter a similar cooling period. He points out that atmospheric carbon produced by humans is not a significant problem. You also will understand what happened to the dinosaurs and the mammoths.

Robert Felix was right about magnetic reversals causing explosions In the atmosphere. He was right about almost everything else as well, according to the hard science of the past thirty years. Felix figured it out. This has been a reliable constant of science for the past 1000 years – all the major advances have been made by laymen working outside their original professions.

One of the problems with Darwin’s theories is exactly that we don’t find the missing links. We find different species appearing seemingly out of nowhere. There are probably other reasons that occur, natural selection being a reason, but the mutations have to occur someway, and gradual mutations probably wouldn’t lead to drastic changes in species that we end up seeing.

Felix also goes into a lot of detail linking extinctions and reversals, as well as creation of new materials on earth. His theories are fascinating. The Himalayan glaciers are growing despite “global warming.” Perhaps Felix’s theories will become proven fact sooner than we think.

[sureshbansal342]

there is no need to manipulate it with abiogenic origin while we have sufficient evidence of its organic origin. instead of manipulating it with abigenic origin there is hard need to observe that why it has biogenic origin while it has deep origin also.

There is no "manipulation" just reasonable conclusions based on scientific facts & evidence.

sureshbansal342, you simply repeat yourself with no substantive contribution to the discussion. Don't get me wrong, I welcome objections and challenges to Abiotic Oil Theory, it's part of the scientific process. Answering objections and challenges helps demonstrate whether a theory is valid or false.

However, you have been asked to provide an explanation of your theory beyond "Earth is like a tree", which has zero scientific content. In fact, you have refused to do that:

i am seeking safe international stage to disclose it [my theory].

Sorry, that's avoiding a reasonable request. Please provide substantive objections or give a detailed explanation of your theory, not vague repetitive statements which add nothing to the discussion.

Dear Anaconda, yes i agreed with your evidence that oil has deep origin in the earth and not a fossil oil. i also believe in it . there is no doubt about it. but my point is how will you justify the strong chemical test evidence that oil is an organic in origin ?

[webolife]

I have spoken to Suresh at length about the multiple definitions for the word "organic" [with a focus on the meaning of "organic chemistry"] and the use of the more appropriate word "biotic" for this thread. So Suresh's main question here remains: "If oil is understood to not be a fossil fuel, and that it has a deep origin in the earth, what additional proof is there that it is not a biotic substance?" Again, Suresh's belief is the "Gaia hypothesis"-- for him, the mere existence of carbon in some meteorites indicates they are organisms, or seeds of organisms. I would concur that Suresh's comments might be more appropriate in the NIAMI section (to which I have made plenty of contributions myself); this would likely keep this thread from being sidetracked into the metaphysical.

[Chromium6]

More dolomite at Eagle Ford Shale:

About the Eagle Ford Shale

The Eagle Ford Shale is a geologic formation running from South Texas northeast toward Dallas. The Eagle Ford is named for the town near Dallas where the formation can be seen above ground.

Oil and gas companies were initially drawn to the Eagle Ford as a natural gas play. However, due to low commodity prices for natural gas, many operators are exploiting the northern part of the shale for its oil.

Of course, the Eagle Ford Shale isn’t new; this passage comes from a 1978 World Oil article on the then expanding Austin Chalk play:

"The Eagle Ford Shale is full of oil in most locations in the eastern group of South Texas counties in the Austin Chalk trend. It is a fractured, brittle, often micaceous and fossiliferous black shale with occasional recrystallized, oil-carrying dolomite streaks as much as 10-20 feet thick."

At the time the assessment continued that, “there have been some recent completions in Frio County, although, by itself, it (Eagle Ford) could not be considered a target. Taken with the Austin and Buda, it is an interesting additional zone” (P. 58, “World Oil,” Feb. 1, 1978).

In 2008 when Petrohawk (now a subsidiary of BHP Billiton) drilled the first well into the Eagle Ford shale in its Hawkville field in La Salle County. It produced 7.6 MCF per day from an 11,141-foot well with lateral of 3,200 feet. After that, the name “Eagle Ford” started coming up in oil and gas conversations all over Texas.

Click here to get the latest data on lease activity in the Eagle Ford Shale.

http://www.p2energysolutions.com/tobin- ... ford-shale

[sureshbansal342]

I have spoken to Suresh at length about the multiple definitions for the word "organic" [with a focus on the meaning of "organic chemistry"] and the use of the more appropriate word "biotic" for this thread. So Suresh's main question here remains: "If oil is understood to not be a fossil fuel, and that it has a deep origin in the earth, what additional proof is there that it is not a biotic substance?" Again, Suresh's belief is the "Gaia hypothesis"-- for him, the mere existence of carbon in some meteorites indicates they are organisms, or seeds of organisms. I would concur that Suresh's comments might be more appropriate in the NIAMI section (to which I have made plenty of contributions myself); this would likely keep this thread from being sidetracked into the metaphysical.

dear Webolife, I have earlier stated that i am an uneducated scientist only and there may be some difference in technical words like organic or biotic. here i considered organic as we have observed porphyrins,spores,chlorine..... etc linked with living organism in crude oil that is why i considered it as organic. if you suggest me appropriate word is biotic i will use this word in further correspondence and thanks for correction.
now my point are as follow.
1. I am fully agreed that oil is not a fossil oil or has not been formed from any organic matter from surface. i agree with Anaconda's evidence that oil has been generated in deep origin beneath the earth surface without any involvement of organic matter from surface.
2. I am not satisfied with him that it has abiotic origin while we have strong evidence of its biotic in origin.I need the justification of this point.please, please justify it.
3. according to me there is no need to manipulate it with abiotic origin while we have strong evidence of its biotic origin. according to me there is hard need to observe that why it has biotic origin while it has deep origin also.according to me one of the best possibility is earth itself is a living thing and crude oil is a result of metabolism activity of earth because all living thing produces hydrocarbons and even all other minerals are also same like iron,mn,zn,nickel,moly etc.
4. now one strong point of fossil oil theory has been left that why chances are high to get oil near sediments. most of drillers are still using this method . we can not ignore our past experience and valid evidence. I have solved this mystery. i know the basic reason that why we are getting oil near sediments if there is no involvement to produce oil. i am very much sure about this and can identify more more new locations of oil with this new method. I have also solved the mystery that some time we do not get oil near the well established sediments. when people will know this reason they can identify which sediments are good for drilling.