Time-Reversed EM Wave

[junglelord]

In my efforts to learn I keep coming back to this point of physics in many different ways but I will let Tom Bearden speak for the lot of them.

Time Reversal and the Time-Reversed EM Wave
You must understand time-reversal and the time-reversed EM wave [Ref 5] itself, including the theory of the phase conjugate mirror and of the pumped phase conjugate mirror (from nonlinear optics.) Yariv [Ref 6] Chapter 16 and Pepper [Ref 7, Ref 8] are key to that understanding. Study these references also until the material is coming out of your ears in your sleep.

Also study Sachs' overview of time reversal in physics. [Ref 9] Here you will find that time-reversal still isn't well understood at all, but Sachs does a marvelous job in presenting what is known and used. You should also realize that a time-reversed (TR) wave is seen by the observer in his own "forward time." Hence he sees the wave spatially reversed. In short, he sees the same thing as he would see if a movie -- of the wave expressed as a forward time wave -- were simply reversed. So the TR wave ever-converges on its course, rather than diverges. Convergence is the time-reversal of divergence. Apply similar TR processes to other characteristics of a normal wave, by letting the movie film run backward in your mind. Notice particularly what happens to the forward-time entropy of scattered waves -- it becomes negentropy when you time-reverse the scattered waves. You can recover "order" or "energy" even after it's been scattered in performing work, by phase conjugate reflection. And then you can use it again. Remember, every system is driven, with continual input and output of energy. We are not violating the conservation of energy of a closed system, because we are not talking about a closed system.
http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Shadowl ... round.html

here is one quote from the Physics News site

In this letter, time reversal is applied to wideband electromagnetic waves in a reverberant room. To that end a multiantenna time reversal mirror (TRM) has been built. A 150 MHz bandwidth pulse at a central frequency of 2.45 GHz is radiated by a monopolar antenna, spread in time due to reverberation, recorded at the TRM, time reversed, and retransmitted. The time-reversed wave converges back to its source and focus in both time and space. The time compression is studied versus the number of antennas in the TRM and its bandwidth. The focal spot is also measured thanks to an eight-channel receiving array. ©2006 American Institute of Physics

some related links to fill your time...LOL

http://www.aip.org/aip/search_results.h ... a.y=17#977

http://www.cheniere.org/books/excalibur/part4.htm

http://www.skybooksusa.com/time-travel/ ... merevf.htm

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4145671.html

http://www.opticsinfobase.org/DirectPDF ... N=44602770

http://www.intalek.com/Index/Projects/R ... gation.htm

[StevenO]

In my efforts to learn I keep coming back to this point of physics in many different ways but <...>

Hi Dean,

An electric "point charge" is basically symmetric in time. In everyday life this is hard to see since there are so many things interacting that we have to rely on statistics for describing physical behaviour. Something that can only be done after the fact. So we have the feeling that "cause and effect" and the second law of thermodynamics ("law of increasing entropy") are basic laws of nature. However from a purely electrical point of view the future affects the past and the other way around. As Richard Feynman and John Archibeld Wheeler concluded some time ago: if there would only be a few chunks of matter in the universe the future would affect the past and the other way around.

Steven

[junglelord]

I keep being remined of your dual cone anology Steven (which reminds me of the Russian Scalar Woodpecker Radar antenna.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Woodpecker_array.jpg


Is that a fair relationship?

[junglelord]

WEAPONS THAT USE TIME-REVERSED
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES


At the end of WWII, the Soviet Union obtained the cream of the crop of Germany's radar scientists and infrared scientists.
At that time, the German scientific team led the world in the theory and technology of radar absorbing materials (RAM) and radar cross section. For example, some leading Western radar experts believe that the German scientists had already advanced the theory of radar cross section beyond where Western scientists have arrived at today. Radar cross section science is the "heart" of modern radar technology, countermeasures, and counter-countermeasures.
The theory of RAM technology is precisely what is needed to develop and design phase conjugate mirrors for radar frequency bands. Phase conjugate mirrors are capable of producing a time-reversed (TR) wave in direct response to a received ordinary wave. The mirror may be powerfully "pumped" with energy to produce a very large amplification of the time-reversed wave.
Just after WWII, the Soviets also mounted a truly massive program to obtain and review all the scientific literature of the West This material was completely re-examined and digested, in a deliberate search for a major new technological "break- through" area. Nothing similar to this has ever been done in the West.
By 1950, the Soviets probably had discovered phase conjugation and the time- reversed wave, in their radar programs using the German radar scientists. Their re- search would certainly have revealed that the time-reversed wave is a solution to the wave equation, and hence the phenomenon is universal to all waves and frequency regions, under appropriate nonlinear circumstances.
We stress the fact that from the beginning the Soviets have always led the rest of the world in nonlinear science and mathematics.
Thus by the mid-50's, the Soviets would have mounted an intensive national development program on these radar TR wave weapons. If so, the Soviet Union has now had the equivalent of some seven or eight Manhattan Projects, back-to-back, in the development, stockpiling, and deployment of TR wave weapon systems. At least fifth generation Soviet TR weapons have been developed and deployed.
This is a matter of the greatest importance to the U.S. - and one which the U.S. intelligence and scientific communities have largely missed.
We particularly stress that the time-reversed wave phenomenon is a universal phenomenon of nature, not just a fluke, and not just a "nonlinear optics" phenomenon. It is a solution to the wave equation and, as such, it applies to every kind of wave. Electromagnetic, sound, magnetohydrodynamic, and other radiating systems all exhibit the phenomenon under appropriate nonlinear conditions.
Hundreds of Western papers dealing with time-reversed waves are now in the open scientific literature-most of them dealing with non-linear optics. However, the principles of the time-reversed wave are well-established, and known to apply to waves in general.
Compared to a normal wave, a time-reversed wave has startlingly different weapon capabilities.
Such a wave precisely retraces the path of the ordinary wave that stimulated it to be formed. So it possesses an "invisible wire" through space, back to the original position of whatever emitted its stimulus wave.
Further, the time-reversed wave continually converges upon its invisible "back- tracking" path. It does not diverge and spread its energy, in contradistinction to normal waves.
Using several simple schemes (particularly pumped 4-wave mixing), extremely large amplification of the time-reversed (TR) wave can be cheaply and readily accomplished.
A startling weapons capability therefore emerges when amplified TR waves are generated in response to received signals from a distant target:
(1) If any signal at all can be received from a distant target, a return TR signal of extreme power can be delivered directly to that target Almost all of the transmitted TR signal energy will arrive at and in the distant target, even through a highly nonlinear medium or under scattering conditions. Hardly any of the energy will be lost enroute. If the target is fast-moving, a "lead correction" signal can be calculated and added to steer the return path.
(2) Since real-time holography can readily be accomplished using TR waves - and without first making holograms, geometrical forms (balls, shapes, hemispherical shells, etc) of energy can be created readily by interferometry (crossed beam techniques). Since the TR wave carriers do not disperse with distance, these interference energy forms can be assembled by crossed TR wave beams at great distances-even hundreds of thousands of miles. The energy appearing in such a distantly created energy form is limited only by the amount one cares to put in at the amplified transmitting end.
Thus the radar itself now becomes a powerful, all-around weapon. With a TR wave adjunct, once the radar receives a return signal from a target, an extremely powerful TR wave pulse can be generated, and all the energy in that pulse can be unerringly returned to the distant target from which the return was received.
Even a passive (receive only) radar may be used together with a TR wave adjunct to accomplish the same directed energy destruction of the distant target emitting the signals received by the radar.
Radio receiver-transmitters may also employ simple TR wave adjuncts to provide a large number of communications jammers and "directed energy weapons," capable of jamming and/or destroying enemy radio transmitters at appreciable distances.
The Soviets have intensively developed such TR wave weapons since the 1950's. In January 1960, Khrushchev was probably referring to these weapons when he reported to the Soviet Presidium the forthcoming advent of fantastic weapons, then in advanced Soviet development.
Prior to Khrushchev's announcement, the Soviets had begun radiating the U. S. Embassy in Moscow with scalar EM waves and phase conjugate energy, modulated upon weak microwave carrier beams. Later these beams were used to induce illnesses and blood changes in Embassy personnel. (We will shortly discuss how the Soviets could induce disease at a distance, electromagnetically). The microwave radiation continued intermittently, in spite of the objections of several U.S. Presidents. U.S. studies failed to comprehend what was being done.
The Embassy radiation was and is a high-level intelligence probe: Stimulate and affect the U.S. Ambassador, a high-level target. Attention by the CIA, NSA, State Department, DIA, the U.S. President, etc. is guaranteed. Puzzled, they will turn to the U.S. scientific community for an explanation. The scientific community will try to explain the microwave radiation, using the best of its EM knowledge. By the U. S. counteractions taken or not taken at the Embassy site, the Soviets know with 100% certainty whether or not the U.S. has discovered TR wave weapons, electromagnetic disease control, etc. - and whether we have developed defenses against such weapons.
Since the beginning, of course, our actions - or lack of them - at the U.S. Embassy have consistently revealed to the Soviets that we have no knowledge of, and hence no defenses against, TR wave technology and the scalar electromagnetics (electrogravitation) that accompanies the phenomenon.
Soviet TR wave radar weapons also provide a convenient mechanism for accomplishing nuclear weapon kill. A target struck by a powerful TR wave pulse generates a time-reversed back-pulse due to nonlinearities in the target medium. In the nonlinear medium of the exploding or fuzing target, the two pulses (which are 180 degrees out of phase with each other) modulate each other, locking together into a scalar EM wave or pulse. This scalar EM pulse has zero electromagnetic force field resultants, but is a violent fluctuation of the energy density of local spacetime. Rigorously it is a local gravitational pulse wave, by definition. Further, it is far more powerful than "normal" gravitational waves. This scalar EM pulse does not react with the orbital electron shells of an atom, but passes directly into the nucleus and is absorbed there. This raises the nucleus to an excited state, increasing its potential (trapped energy). If the nucleus cannot withstand this increase in potential energy, it directly fissions. If the nucleus withstands the increased potential, it then immediately decays from the excited state by simply emitting a time-reversed EM wave.

http://www.cheniere.org/books/excalibur/part4.htm

[junglelord]

Any radioactive nucleus is already "teeter-tottering" toward nuclear decay, so to speak, and it will instantly decay radioactively when struck by a significant scalar potential pulse. Thus a TR wave radar weapon can deliver a powerful TR pulse against a distant vehicle carrying a nuclear warhead, and the resultant EG pulse penetrating the nuclear material of the warhead will electrogravitationally explode it in a full-order nuclear detonation.
Therefore, when using such weapons, extreme care must be taken to avoid inadvertently pulsing one's own nearby nuclear weapons or nuclear material. In attacking distant ground targets, one must be careful not to detonate nearby nuclear weapons, nuclear powerplants, or stored nuclear material-even at some distance from the target. Otherwise, large-scale nuclear fallout will be experienced over a worldwide area, and unacceptable "boomerang" self-damage to the attacker himself may be incurred. The more powerful the TR pulse employed, the greater the safety separation between the struck target and stored nuclear materiel must be to prevent unacceptable "boomerang" large-scale fallout
Also, large TR wave interferometer weapons, such as the Woodpecker systems, usually first produce very powerful, scalar EM "standing wave" beams by continuously transmitting (in the beam) both a normal EM wave and its phase conjugate, modulated (locked) together to produce a "zero EM vector resultant" electrogravitational (EG) wave. Interference of two of these scalar EM beams in the targeted area, plus internal scanning within the beam by other signals, allows EM effects - of either normal EM energy or time-reversed EM energy - to be produced and controlled at very precise locations within the broad interference area.
Each such huge "scalar EM standing wave" beam represents a gigantic electrogravitational standing wave, and hence a giant oscillating potential in spacetime. This standing wave represents a sort of gigantic "capacitor", or accumulator of infolded energy. Enormous energy may be collected in this potential, charged-up over a period of time. "Shortout" of this giant capacitor - by transmitter failure - can result in a large flash-over discharge of the EG energy into the local earth, producing a massive EG ground wave that can be enormously destructive.
Thus one must carefully protect the TR wave weapon system from inadvertent discharge of large EG pulses into the earth at the local site, due to transmitter failure, shortouts, etc. Otherwise one's own nuclear weapons or facilities may be exploded - even at some distance - by the EG pulse ground wave produced. One's communications and electronics installations, for example, can be knocked out at an even greater distance.
For example, in the winter of 1957-58, a large Soviet TR wave prototype weapon at Kyshtym, near the Urals, apparently suffered a catastrophic transmitter failure, discharging a powerful scalar EM (electrogravitational, or EG) pulse into the earth. This huge EG pulse struck the atomic wastes stored nearby, causing the radioactive nuclei to immediately decay. In other words, the nearby atomic wastes exploded - just as eye-witnesses reported. Deadly radioactive contamination spread across a major region, and exists to this day.
After this accident, the Soviets would have developed much more elaborate safety circuits and devices and implemented them into their TR wave weapons.
Even so, in April 1986, the explosive eruption of a reactor at Chernobyl was almost certainly caused by an accidental catastrophic failure of a large TR Woodpecker transmitter about 30 kilometers away. The sudden failure of the East-to-West Woodpecker transmitter was positively detected by engineer Bill Bise. All safety circuits at the site would have been instantly activated, desperately and slowly draining off the huge "standing wave" potential built up by the weapon.
The Soviets would have immediately shut down the reactors at Chernobyl as a precaution.
Some hours later, the transmitter safety devices finally failed, and a much smaller, though still significant, remnant EG pulse was discharged into the earth, spreading out in a ground wave. The first radioactive material - the fuel rods in one of the hapless, shutdown Chernobyl reactors - encountered by the EG ground wave pulse received it and immediately erupted radioactively.
Had the full EG pulse escaped the stricken transmitter, all four reactors at Chernobyl would have violently exploded, and deadly nuclear fallout would have rained down over a wide area of the earth. Had the reactors not been shut down and the control rods inserted "full-in" to dampen the radioactivity, a far greater radioactive eruption - probably a nuclear explosion - of the struck reactor would have occurred.
In May 1960, a prototype TR wave radar weapon was used to down Gary Powers' high-flying U-2 aircraft over the Soviet Union. Powers reported a flash, as if from an explosion near him, but the flash persisted. This is almost certainly the signature of a TR wave weapon.
In April 1963, the first large strategic Soviet TR wave weapons became operational. These weapons were used to electromagnetically deaden the electrical controls of the U.S.S. Thresher atomic submarine on April 10, 1963, and to produce a huge underwater electromagnetic blast 100 miles north of Puerto Rico on April 11, 1963.
Since the 1960's, the Soviets have possessed a 100% effective defense against U.S. and European strategic bombers and missiles. The early systems deployed in the Soviet Union were midcourse and terminal phase systems. The Soviets would also have relied upon additional TR wave weapons systems, deployed as adjuncts to radar systems aboard research ships and trawlers, to be able to attack U.S. missiles and bombers in their launch and early midcourse phases.

[junglelord]

These Soviet defensive TR wave systems also could easily accomplish nuclear weapon kill, and by their nature may have already been immune to the Stealth technology.
Older Soviet radars, using TR wave adjuncts, become totally new weapons having startling and heretofore unsuspected capabilities against missiles and aircraft. For that reason, the Soviets happily continue to operate and maintain thousands of older radar systems that by Western radar standards, are seemingly obsolete.
Hundreds of incidents of Soviet tests of these TR wave weapon systems have been observed around the world, and reported in the open literature as puzzling or anomalous phenomena.
In the 1960's, in Siberia, Vlail Kaznacheyev and his researchers accomplished enormous experimentation proving that cellular death and disease - of any type whatsoever - could be transmitted and induced electromagnetically. This team went on secretly to phase conjugate (time reverse) the "death photon" signals, to show that any cellular death and disease can be reversed or "cured" electromagnetically as well.
The latter work would have been done under the auspices and tight control of the Soviet KGB, since all phase conjugation (time reversal) weapons effects are under the KGB, both for development and deployment. Obviously the "electromagnetic antidote" work of Kaznacheyev was not published, because it provided a powerful counter-BW warfare capability of great strategic importance to the Soviet Union.
Thus in the late 1960's, the Soviet Union became the only nation on earth to achieve the capability of rapidly (within one or two hours) developing an electromagnetic antidote for lethal new biological warfare (BW) viruses - of any kind whatsoever. The Soviets also developed the capability for mass treatment in this fashion of both the civil populace and the military forces personnel.
Independent verification of the Kaznacheyev "death photons" effect has been accomplished in West Germany (University of Marburg), in Australia (University of Sydney), and in the United States (by G. Wilbanks).
Independent proof of electromagnetic healing of viral diseases was also accomplished in the West and largely ignored.
In the late 1960's and early 1970's, a French inventor - Antoine Priore - built and tested several large electromagnetic devices that cured thousands of cases of terminal cancers and leukemias in laboratory animals. He worked with members of the prestigious French Academy of Sciences. His work was funded by the French government and presented to the French Academy by Robert Courrier, head of the Biology Section. His work was suppressed in the 1970 's, and lost when he died.
Priore used a plasma to accomplish multi-wave mixing and phase conjugation (time reversal). His time-reversed curative signals used a powerful, rippling magnetic field as a carrier; the magnetic field guaranteed penetration of every cell in the body - necessary to reach a blood disease. The rippling of the magnetic field guaranteed penetration of the cell's atomic nuclei by nuclear magnetic resonance. Penetration of the actual nuclei of the atoms in the diseased cell is necessary, since the master cellular control system (discovered by Dr. Fritz Albert Popp of West Germany) operates through the cell 's structured scalar EM biopotential, and this potential is centered in the nuclei of the atoms comprising the cell.
Note that electrical dedifferentiation of cells at miniscule current - between picoamperes and nanoamperes - has been proven by Robert Becker and other researchers. Red cells of the frog, for example, have been electrically reversed through all their development stages. The cells first become round, then develop a scalloped outline in their membranes. Then they become amoeboid and move by means of pseudopods. Their nuclei swell and their DNA becomes reactivated. They then rid themselves of all their hemoglobin and develop a full set of mitochondria and ribosomes. In Becker's historic experiments, the cells then turned into cartilage-forming cells, and finally into bone-forming cells. In short, Becker demonstrated dedifferentiation followed by redifferentiation into an unrelated cell type - all electrically initiated with laughably weak currents.
Thus profound cellular changes are most certainly inducible and controllable electromagnetically, by miniscule amounts of potentials and currents. Priore's machine applied time-reversed EM waves to accomplish reversal from cancerous cells back to normal cells.
Priore's work essentially proved that Kaznacheyev's group would have been able to accomplish the same thing by phase conjugation.
Kaznacheyev's "death photons" work was probably accomplished much earlier than reported in the open literature. Thus it probably provided a basis to use in the microwave radiation of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, to engender blood changes and disease in targeted personnel. Two U.S. ambassadors died from a leukemia-like disease, and a third sickened and bled from the ears and nose. Only miniscule levels of EM signals would have been necessary to induce such biological conditions.

[junglelord]

The present Woodpecker radars probably have the capability of producing similar conditions in distant target populations, whenever the Soviets wish to add the appropriate signals. They also probably are capable of killing large numbers of the targeted population, whenever appropriate Kaznacheyev "death signals" are placed upon them.
In the late 1960's, another cautious Soviet "intelligence probe" was used: A paper appeared in the open Soviet literature, dealing with time-reversed waves in the field of nonlinear optics. Only a few American optical scientists seemed to be interested.
In 1972, to focus more U.S. attention on their subtle "intelligence probe" of U.S. time-reversed wave knowledge, the Soviets sent two scientists to Los Alamos to brief American scientists on optical phase conjugation. Thereafter many U.S. optical scientists began to work in the "new field." Immediately it was revealed to the Soviet Union that the U.S. had ineffective knowledge of phase conjugation, and that the U.S. had no TR wave technology or weapons.
To this day, U.S. theoretical work in phase conjugation is still characterized by a fairly simple overall math model, obtained by simply "writing down" the necessary conjugate term. There appears to be absolutely no U.S. awareness of the actual physical electrogravitational mechanism that causes the phase conjugation/time reversal, and no theory of it as such. Its direct application to radars appears to have largely been ignored in the U.S.
In 1975, the Soviets attempted to obtain a treaty with the rest of the world, outlawing the development of frightful new weapons of mass destruction - "more frightful than the mind of man had ever imagined", according to Brezhnev himself. Gromyko introduced the draft treaty into the 1975 session of the United Nations General Assembly. No one knew what the Soviets were referring to.
Failing to obtain the treaty, the Soviets in 1975-76 embarked on the greatest military buildup in history. This buildup was nothing short of a full-fledged preparation to be ready to take over the world, beginning in 1985 (the "ready" time per Brezhnev's 1972 statement at a secret Prague meeting of European Communist Party leaders). The Soviets met this scheduled goal.
http://www.cheniere.org/books/excalibur/part4.htm

[lizzie]

More on time reverse waves and phase conjugation

An Intuitive Explanation of Phase Conjugation
http://sharp.bu.edu/~slehar/PhaseConjug ... ugate.html

Time Reversal and Phase Conjugation – John Kooiman
http://www.intalek.com/Index/Projects/R ... gation.htm

Tom Bearden:

Chasing the Wild Dragon
http://www.hsv.com/writers/bearden/page002.htm

So the time-reversed EM wave that one finally sees emerging in nonlinear phase conjugate optics in the early 1970s was omitted from the Maxwellian theory and its later modification by Heaviside and Gibbs.

Phase conjugate wave pairs produce new waves:
http://www.cheniere.org/images/EMfndns1 ... 3%20sm.jpg

Phase conjugate wave pairs produce new waves: Transverse EM wave plus phase conjugate replica wave > longitudinal wave > longitudinal EM wave plus phase conjugate EM replica wave > scalar (time polarized) density wave

Non Linear Optics Distortion Correction Theorem
http://www.cheniere.org/images/EMfndns1 ... h%20sm.jpg

If a scalar wave E1 propagates from left to right through an arbitrary but lossless dielectric medium, and if we generate in some region of space its phase conjugate replica E2, then E2 will propagate backward from right to left through the dielectric medium, remaining everywhere the phase conjugate of E1

Infolded Engines:
http://www.cheniere.org/images/EMfndns1/InfoldExcsm.jpg

The infolded dynamics of EM systems are not considered in general relativity,
electromagnetics or quantum mechanics. None of these disciplines includes spacetime curvature engines. Thus GR, EM & QM cannot be unified since ST curvature engines are where the unification mainly occurs.

The Missing Infolded Electrodynamics
http://www.cheniere.org/images/EMfndns1/infoldEM1sm.jpg

Infolded general relativity within Maxwellian electrodynamics: Iternested spacetime curvatures (spacetime engines)
Space acts on matter telling it how to turn; in turn, matter reacts back on spacetime telling it how to curve.

[lizzie]

Anti-gravity, phase conjugate time wave pairs and curved spacetime?

Sinusoidal (or sine) wave of complimentary opposites (phase conjugate reverse time wave and forward time wave pairs?)

The sine wave creates a “hidden coherence” that bends spacetime

Summation of Tesla's Dynamic Theory of Gravity An excerpt from: Occult Ether Physics
http://www.netowne.com/technology/important/

"Pentagon Aliens" – William Lyne, pg. 54-55

Tesla said that the electrostatic force is the most important force for us to study.

Excess positive charges, or parts thereof in a body, induce negative electrostatic reactance when moving through space permeated by electric and magnetic fields. Since all mass is in motion, and all space is permeated by electric and magnetic fields, this inducement applies to all bodies and all space. The earth induces negative electrostatic reactance as it moves through space. Naturally, this inducement also applies to all bodies within the dynamic electric field of earth, in which enormous, rapidly varying electrostatic forces exist. The inducement continually changes the electromagnetic characteristics of the bodies and the space, according to their relative movements, and redistributes the conglomerates of charges. Accordingly, with redistribution (or “displacement”) movement, away from or toward the equilibrium position, an equal and opposite force tending to counteract it is produced in the direction from which the negative electrostatic forces of earth emanate, which is called “gravity”. This is the part of Tesla’s Dynamic Theory of Gravity, which requires an understanding of the ether and its effects.

John Hutchison – Tesla’s Anti gravity machines
http://www.nottaughtinschools.com/John- ... avity.html

Soliton and Freemasonry
http://www.gnn.tv/threads/5919/soliton_and_freemasonry

The secret to solving this LTP (long term potential) conundrum is again alchemical resonance that most efficiently occurs through the yin-yang, sinusoidal (or sine) wave of complimentary opposites. This secret is why the Tesla Coil only uses sine waves or harmonic waves and quantum chaos already acknowledges that the sine wave creates a “hidden coherence” that bends spacetime. The sine wave is the secret behind current faster-than-light quantum electronics as detailed by physic professors Raymond Chiao and Carl R. Hagen.

When the rate of change between frequency and amplitude is close to zero, the secret of quantum chaos science, then a self-sustaining resonance occurs. This is because the spiral of energy drives itself through superconductive resonance and then when the vacuum is reached antigravity is created. This same free energy process occurs with the antigravity uplift in the center of a tornado and is what Victor Schauberger called the “cycloid-spiral space-curve motion.”

Time and Matter in the Interaction between Gravity and Quantum Fluids: Are there
Macroscopic Quantum Transducers between Gravitational and Electromagnetic waves?
Raymond Y. Chiao - and Walter J. Fitelson
http://faculty1.ucmerced.edu/Assets/rch ... aper_4.pdf

New directions for gravity-wave physics via “Millikan oil drops”
Raymond Y. Chiao
http://faculty1.ucmerced.edu/docs/paper1.pdf

Proposed Observations of Gravity Waves from the Early Universe via "Milikan Oil Drops"
http://faculty1.ucmerced.edu/docs/paper3.pdf

Tom Bearden:
Flaws in Classical EM Theory
http://www.cheniere.org/misc/flaws_in_c ... theory.htm

Omits Phase Conjugate Optics Effects (which are the Rule in Internal EM).

The Missing Enfolded Electrodynamics
http://www.cheniere.org/images/EMwaves/emwaves.htm

Infolded inside Maxwellian EM as hidden EM variables
Internested spacetime curvatures (spacetime engines)
Infolded general relativity

(This secret is why the Tesla Coil only uses sine waves or harmonic waves and quantum chaos already acknowledges that the sine wave creates a “hidden coherence” that bends spacetime.)

The Spiral Vortex:

EXCOGITANT
Cognitively connecting
http://www.excogitant.net/spiral.htm

According to the late Tilman Schauberger, grandson and expert on Victor Schauberger's works, creative, formative motion is...

..."Open, goal orinted, structured, concentrated, intensifying, dynamic, self organizing, self divesting of the less valuable, rhytmical, cyclical, sinuous, pulsating and centripetal = the cycloid spiral space curve...

Simon David Eden MA Dist. [RCA]
'The Weight of Fire' Research & Inspiration
http://www.simondavideden.com/section81485.html

… The very word Universe signifies a single curve [uni=one, versum=curve]. This curve is an energy path and the essence of energy is ceaseless movement; in its eternal trajectory from spirit to matter and from matter to spirit it permeates all creation.

It was Zero Point that introduced me to the visionary ideas of the man who might well be called the world's first environmentalist: the forester and natural-scientist Viktor Schauberger.

The inspiration for the form of this codagraph can be found, in a literal sense, in Einstein’s Field Equation, a differential equation in Einstein’s theory of general relativity. It is a dynamical equation which describes how matter and energy change the curved geometry of spacetime.

PODKLETNOV'S PIPE

In the early 1990’s, Russian materials scientist Dr Evgeny Podkletnov claimed to have discovered a ‘gravity-shielding’ effect whilst working with a team of researchers at Tampere University of Technology in Finland on experiments with spinning ceramic superconductors, cooled with liquefied gas, that were suspended in the magnetic field of three electric coils.

In Nick Cook’s book The Hunt for Zero Point, he records how Podkletnov accounts for the discovery: “… someone in the laboratory was smoking a pipe and the pipe smoke rose in a column above the superconducting disc. So we placed a ball-shaped magnet above the disc, attached to a balance. The balance behaved strangely. We substituted a non-magnetic material, silicon, and still the balance was very strange. We found that any object placed above the disc lost some of its weight, and we found that if we rotated the disc, the effect was increased…”

Further tests with a mercury barometer allegedly demonstrated that the gravity reduction did not diminish with distance. The 4mm drop in air pressure registered over the superconductor, could be found on the floor above the laboratory at the point at which the experiment was taking place below. Podkletnov’s gravity shield went on, extending upward in a 30cm diameter column, forever.

SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING

Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs in physics when a system that is symmetric goes into a vacuum state that is not symmetric. At this point the system no longer appears to behave in a symmetric manner. It is a phenomenon that occurs in many situations. It can be discrete, such as the space group of a crystal or continuous such as the rotational symmetry of space.

STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS

This work is inspired by the work of Canadian inventor John Hutchison, who is credited with the discovery of a highly-anomalous electromagnetic effect, said to cause levitation of objects, spontaneous fracturing of metals, and the fusion of materials such as wood and metal. Though many in the scientific community doubt the validity of his claims, Hutchison’s work has been funded by the likes of aerospace giants Boeing and McDonnell Douglas.

HARVEST IN THE TORSION FIELD

Quantum Mechanics began in Germany with the work of Nobel Prize winning physicist Max Born, and it was a series of experiments based on quantum theory [utilising Viktor Schauberger’s Die Glocke device], that were the inspiration for this work which represents the magnetic field separation and vortex compression that were said to have been caused by the influence of a torsion field..

DIE GLOCKE

The experiments involved a mysterious bell-shaped device comprising of two contra-rotating cylinders filled with a liquid [thought to be mercury], that emitted a strange pale blue light. It is thought that the experiments related to an investigation [radical even today] into torsion fields, and the arcane properties of space-time. “… if you generate a torsion field of sufficient magnitude the theory says you can bend the four dimensions of space around the generator. The more torsion you generate, the more space you perturb… when you bend space, you also bend time…

SCHAUBERGER'S SPIRAL

In his book on Viktor Schauberger – entitled Living Energies – author Callum Coats writes: “… If one observes the Universe as a whole, i.e. from Big Bang to Black Hole, a form of motion is evident that Schauberger called ‘cycloid-spiral-space-curve-motion’. He also referred to it as a ‘form creating dynamic’…

… The very word Universe signifies a single curve [uni=one, versum=curve]. This curve is an energy path and the essence of energy is ceaseless movement; in its eternal trajectory from spirit to matter and from matter to spirit it permeates all creation.

AT THE SHORE OF THE DIRAC SEA

In 1928, Dirac combined the theories of quantum mechanics and special relativity. The resulting Dirac Equation was able to explain the mysterious magnetic and spin properties of the electron. Two years later, he formulated a theoretical model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles possessing negative energy; this became known as the Dirac Sea.

[lizzie]

Longitudinal (Scalar) EM Energy, the Time Domain, Phase Conjugate EM Wavepairs, Negentropic Dipoles, Dark Matter and Free Energy

http://www.prahlad.org/pub/bearden/scal ... m#NewWaves

Longitudinal EM energy fills vacuum of space, the time domain of spacetime, time as compressed energy, E=tc2, waves of time, phase conjugate wave pairs.

A "new" kind of electromagnetic (EM) wave has been discovered in the empty vacuum of space which, when engineered, can be an inexhaustible supply of energy in great magnitude at any place in the universe. The word "new" is in quotes because the discovery really goes back to Nikola Tesla and his discovery of what he called "radiant energy."

The ordinary EM waves that we have known about are called transverse EM waves, to distinguish them from the new longitudinal EM waves. These scalar waves do not actually exist in our "material" world, but exist only in the vacuum of empty space, or the time domain.

We live in a 3-dimensional world, which physics calls "3-space." But there is also spacetime, or 4-space, or the "4th dimension." Then suddenly there comes this amazing new knowledge that time itself is actually compressed energy. And it is energy which is compressed by exactly the same factor by which matter is considered compressed energy: the speed-of-light-squared! So we have a new companion to the famous E=mc2. It is now paired with E=tc2 (where t is actually "delta-t," or change in time).

"Time-energy, time-currents, and time-structuring play the dominant role in electromagnetics. Time-as-energy eventually becomes engineerable, as easily as is spatial energy now. We are always dealing with spacetime and with spacetime curvature."

Bearden: http://www.cheniere.org/techpapers/Visi ... 0paper.doc
The scalar energy discovered in the vacuum of space is sometimes called "zero-point" energy.

The vast seething ocean of energy of the vacuum, the longitudinal scalar EM waves of the time domain, can now be tapped and "transduced" into ordinary (transverse) EM energy in our 3-Space world.

The Final Secret of Free Energy
http://www.cheniere.org/techpapers/Fina ... index.html

Giant Negentropy from the Common Dipole
http://www.cheniere.org/techpapers/GiantNegentropy.pdf

Decomposing the scalar potential between the end charges of a dipole reveals a harmonic set of EM waves flowing into the dipole from the complex plane, and a precisely correlated set of EM waves flowing out of the dipole in 3-space. The well known broken 3-space symmetry of the dipole in its energy exchange with the vacuum thus releases 3-symmetry in EM energy flow, while conserving 4-symmetry in the manner indicated. The dipole thus becomes a universal kind of negative resistor extracting electromagnetic energy from the vacuum. Specifically, it absorbs EM energy from the time domain (complex plane) and emits the energy in real 3-space.

By considering an isolated charge and its clustered virtual charges of opposite sign, the charge becomes a set of dipoles, each with a decomposable potential. The "isolated" source charge thus exhibits the giant negentropy mechanism. This explains how a source charge, once created, continuously pours out the electromagnetic energy comprising its fields and potentials and their energy.

The hypothesized negentropic process is easily triggered by making a common dipole, and once initiated the vacuum reordering continues and spreads at the speed of light radially in all directions. In addition, the ongoing process outputs an enormous 3-space EM energy flow from the dipole. The flow is continuously replenished by a corresponding giant EM energy flow into the dipole from the complex plane. EM energy flow is conserved in 4-space, but not in 3-space.

The EM energy flow in the imaginary plane is just incoming "pure reactive power" in the
language of electrical engineering. The outgoing EM energy flow in the real plane
(3-space) is "real power". So the dipole is continuously receiving a steady stream of
reactive power, transducing it into real power, and outputting it as a continuous outflow
of real EM power.

To initiate the hypothesized giant negentropy process, all one has to do is first expend a little energy to form the dipole. Once the dipole is formed, the process is automatically initiated and sustained by the broken 3-symmetry of the dipole. The process continues indefinitely and freely, so long as the dipole remains intact.

Dark Matter or Dark Energy?
http://www.akasha.de/~aton/PTAH-DarkE.html

A Potential or Dipolarity Negentropically Reorganizes the Surrounding Vacuum:

We also can examine the vacuum furnishing the energy to the dipole "transducer" or "negative resistor" in another manner. There is a scalar potential existing between the dipole ends, and existing across the terminals of the battery or generator. This potential is a change to the ambient vacuum potential (to the energy density of the vacuum energy flux). Once the source dipole is made and the potential appears between its separated charges, the potential spreads out in all directions, at the speed of light from the dipole. Further, missing from power system electrodynamics is the fact that the spreading potential from the dipole represents an organized, deterministic EM bidirectional wave structuring added to the vacuum potential. This was rigorously shown by Whittaker in 1903, advancing earlier work by Stoney. The mere formation of the dipolar potential therefore initiates a vast negentropic, deterministic reorganization of the surrounding vacuum, moving outwards in all directions at the speed of light.

Dark Energy Is a Candidate Source for the Missing Gravity:

In space occupied by mass with intense ongoing electromagnetic interaction activity, there is far more EM energy present at the interactions and in their vicinity than physics and electrodynamics accounts for, because of the arbitrary and erroneous discard by Lorentz and his modern followers of the vast Heaviside "dark energy" component of every EM interaction. This of course has immediate gravity implications.

It follows that the energy calculated by the astrophysicists as being available in the interactions of light and mass in distant astronomical entities is grossly understated due to Lorentz's arbitrary omission of most of the actual EM energy flow present. The total spacetime curvature induced by the dark energy in the presence of those interactions is much greater than the astrophysicists calculate and account. In turn, it follows that the gravity calculated by the astrophysicists for those energetic distant astronomical entities is significantly understated.

[junglelord]

Bearden has good sensiblity. I do believe that Dave Thomson has a more organized explaination. It takes reading his APM to understand that E is a Unit and not therefore equal to Mass which is a Dimension. This clarifications make some of Toms math invalid in the APM model, but Tom is explaining it with the Standard Model, so I understand both approaches. But with the APM work we see the Reverse Time Function of every Quantum Unit so that with his simple yet elegant theory every AQU (Aether Quantum Unit) has in reality a 2 spin function. We see only 1/2 spin when we observe E- and P+ but in totallity the AQU that makes them up and its entire "wave" function (for lack of a better term at this time) has a forward time function, a reverse time function and a present time function. That becomes a 2 spin entity when all added up. What we measure and see is like my signature and actually we see only 1/4 because it takes four 1/2's to make 2

...that Dark Side is the other unseen function, that always exists, even if you do not see it in Linear Time.
Great work as always Lizze. The only way to understand the fabric of reality is to understand all the fabrics that weave it together. We truly do live in the now, but there is a endless unbroken stream both in reverse time and forward time as well as present time. (that in no way means time travel is possible)

[lizzie]

I agree with you. The APM is my favorite model to date because of its simplicity. It seems to me that you are correct -- it's really about understanding the different dimensions and realizing that various models could be describing different dimensions.

You provided three models to this effect: APM, Wilbert Smith, and Zome. They all point out this dimensionality, the parameters defining the dimensions (since many of them do not exist in 3D time), and the correct units of measurement that apply in each dimension.

Now I understand why I thought so many models described the same phenomena even though the language was different. In reality, they were describing different dimensions.

So I compared the models you presented to help me understand this idea of dimensionality:

Dave Thomson takes two critical approaches by Wilbert Smith.
Reality is built up of Dimensions.
Each Dimension supports the one above it.

Therefore we can construct different Dimension models to greater and lesser degrees of accuracy.

Therefore to make a good model one must model the Dimensions accurately and successively. I think we can all agree on that basic logical principle to construct Reality. The Dimensions themselves will cause the Forces, instead of the Forces inhabiting empty space.

These Five Dimensions are the construct from which the Aether; the Quantum Aether Unit and Angular Momentum spring forth in the APM Theory.

In APM Theory this is Momentum; it is a result of three Dimensional interactions.
Momentum = Mass X Length X Frequency

All you have to do is look around and make relationships and see what is embedded. Structure and Function and Embedded (Relationships) are a triangular paradigm of non verbal language spoken by the Universe at every level in a fractal holographic fashion.
That is imperative to becoming aware of the language. We are dealing with Waves with Structure with Dimensions. Sacred Geometry, Transcendental Numbers, Structure and Function have embedded in them the language of the Universe.

Five Dimensions of APM
1. Length
2. Frequency
3. Mass
4. Charge
5. Spherical Geometry

Wilbert Smith Model

Table 1
The 12 Dimensions of the New Science Four Fabric Parameter
Space Fabric: Length, Area, Volume
Field Fabric: Gradient, Divergence, Curl
Control Fabric: Randomness, Free Will, Sequence
Precipitation Fabric: Form, Multiplicity, Aggregation

Zome Model

Two dual opposite spirals form from 3 fields in 5 dimensions It’s the Zome model and very cool. 2, 3, 5, Infinity, another relationship I found embedded in the theory of Wilbert Smith and APM. Indeed the amount of stuff embedded with the aether model is uncanny! By making Strings in two dimensions instead of one (Quantum Structure vs. Quantum Mechanics) and having 5 dimensions (or more) we can go to infinity as explained by the Zome model and sacred geometry.

If you watch the Zome video you will understand what embedded means and why for example Ed Whitten was able to show that the 5 String Theories floating around where actually five ways of looking at the same thing in his M Theory. Dave Thomson in AMP shows that M Theory is embedded in his APM Quantum Structure model.

[junglelord]

Here is a run down of the basic Dimensions before we get too deep into Units as thats putting the cart before the horse but I wanted to make some points clear about definitions and the position of APM. In short this is a synopsis of APM up to Chapter Five/Dimensions. I am just reading Chapter Six/Units. I basicly gathered material and quoted specific passages from chapter one to five and made this condensed several paragraph synopsis. Therefore I am hopefully representing the book properly. It explains fully the reverse time domain. It is a component of the fifth dimension of angular momentum. Being a 2 spin total, half is forward time, half is back time, we see electrons as 1/2 spin, or only 1/4 of the total angular momentum dimension.

In APM Constants appear instead of Variables. That is because the APM distinguishes between units of measurement and units of dimensions. The quantum measurments and quantum units can also serve as quantum constants. Two common quantum constants already in wide use are quantum velocity and quantum angular momentum. The quantum velocity is the speed of light. The quantum angular momentum is the Planck constant and notates as h. Units of dimensions build forth quantum measurements. Energy is a Unit and not a Dimension in APM and therefore it is not valid to say E=Mc squared.

According to APM, the Dimensions of discrete natural units (quanta) are Length, Frequency, Mass, Charge and Spherical Geometry. Dimension is the fundamental attribute of measurment, but is not itself measureable. Absolute dimension is a quality or reality. When quantity is associated with dimension, then the two together form a measurement. There are four commonly known fundamental dimensions in the MKS system of measurement. Length, Frequency, Mass, Charge.

In the macroframe we speak of the reciprocal of frequency which is time.

Also there is a Linear and a Distributed aspect to Dimensions. Length can be linear (a line) and distributed (a surface). Quantum Matter has only two dimensions of length, that is Length and Area, it only has surface characteristics. There is no solid quantum matter. Distance between surfaces provides the third dimension of length (Volume) resulting in the appearence of "solid matter" as we perceive it at the macrolevel. Linear Frequency is what we perceive as clock time (its reciprocal). Distributed Frequency is seen as the reciprocal of resonance. Just as length has two Dimensions and a implied third, so does Frequency. Static Frequency is the implied third and is the electostatic charge. Mass is linear and exists only with just one dimension. Matter at the sub atomic level exists as primary angular momentum. Primary angular momentum is a Dimension in its own right. 4 pi appears frequently in the quantum constants and is an essential quanity in quantum physics. 4 Pi is a dimension within the Aether unit and appears when we look at the relationships amoung the constituent constants. 4 Pi appears with permeability, permittivity, inductance, and capacitance units, such when expressing permeability in quantum units.

Charles Columb was not aware of the constant that bears his name when he was discovering the force law for electrostatic charge. The cgs system of measurements developed such that charge espresses entirely in the terms of the dimensions of length, frequency and mass. In the cgs system of measurements, Coulombs constant is equal to 1. When we convert the constants of permeability, permittivity and conductance to cgs units the important of 4 Pi becomes clear. Not only is the Aether a function of spherical geometry and the speed of light, but the fact that charge expresses entirely in terms of mass, length, and frequency dimensions shows that charge is indeed a derived dimension.. The observation of derived strong charge supports the APM concept that strong charge is equal to the angular momentum times Aether conductance.

Distributed Spherical Constant
the distributed spherical constant 16 Pi squared appears in the quantum Aether unit of rotating magnetic field (rmfd)
4 Pi X 4 Pi = 16 Pi squared
rmfd = 16 Pi squared X k

The full, two spin rotating magnetic field is not just a single magnetic field spinning in one direction. In the five diemensional perspective, it is a bi-directional tubular loxodrome shaped electromagnetic charge tracing first time in one direction, and then in the opposite time direction. In the four dimensional perspective, the rotating magnetic field would appear as a spinning tubular toroidal, or cardioidal, shaped electromagnetic charge spinning in one time direction (forward time), as we cound not see the backward time direction. Our inablity to see the backward time direction does not negate its effect or presence.

There are three manifestations of the rotating magnetic field. There is the two spin manifestation, which is the full Aether unit with the geometrical constant of 16 Pi Squared. There is the half spin manifestation of a single onn (electron). There is the one spin manifestation of rotating magnetic field, which applies when two onta bind together. One spin rotating magnetic field has a geometrical surface constant equal to the toroidal onn (4 Pi Squared) times 2, because there are two onta spinning oppositely in a binding.

Dimensions of APM Quantified
1 Length
This Dimension is comprised of three and is both Linear and Distributed
(three dimensions comprised of Length, Area, Volume)
2 Frequency
This Dimension is comprised of two and is both Linear and Distributed
(two dimensions comprised of Linear Frequency {clock time} and Distributed Frequency which is the Unit of Resonance )
3 Mass
This Dimension is comprised of one and is Linear only
4 Charge
This Dimensions is comprised of four and is Distributed only
(two electrostatic, two magnet)
5 Angular Momentum
This Dimension expresses Distributed Spherical Constant, 16 Pi Squared, with both a forward time domain and a backward time domain.
(2 spin QSU)
http://www.quantumaetherdynamics.com/index.html

[junglelord]

This is a fascinating book. Dr. Mead attempts to rethink electrodynamics, assuming that fields have no existence independent of the particles that generate them -- thus, electromagnetic effects act "at a distance" along lines of zero interval in 4-space. One of the most interesting tidbits is the treatment of a "quantum transition" as the nonlinear interaction of two dipoles. It is difficult to put aside a lifetime's training in picturing electric and magnetic fields, and I'm divided on whether the approach is really superior to the conventional method, but it's certainly fun to think about.

Despite his preface upbraiding physicists for their work of the past 50-75 years, the main text makes reasonable claims based upon well-founded experimental and theoretical results. The book endorses earlier work of Einstein, Feynmann, Reimann, Lorentz, Maxwell, Planck, and others while making computational and conceptual adjustments to accommodate modern experimental results.

Also in the text, Bohr and other die-hard quantum statisticians are continually under attack for their poo-pooing of possible phenomena, algorithms, and concepts behind the observed quantum behavior. Bohr and his clan, apparently, claimed that the statistics made up the whole baseball team of quantum physics--and that we should not, and could not, look further.

In refuting this micro-labotomic approach of Bohr, Dr. Mead makes reference to systems--macroscopic in size--that exhibit quantum behaviors. While he mentions lasers, masers, semiconductors, superconductors, and other systems in the text, the primary results of the book hinge upon experimental results from the field of superconductors. He points out that physics can be split into several areas:

Classical Mechanics explains un-coherent, uncharged systems such as cannon balls, planets, vehicles, etc.
Classical Electrodynamics explains un-coherent, charged systems such as conductors, currents, and their fields.
Thermodynamics explains how macroscopic statistics, such as temperature and entropy, guide the time evolution of systems.
Modern Quantum Mechanics tries to explain coherent, charged systems.

Here 'coherent' refers to quantum coherency, where many particles/atoms march to the same drum such as the photons in a laser, or the electrons in a superconductor, or any isolated one or two particles. Another description of coherency is that the states are quantum entangled; their time-evolution depends upon each other.

The thrust of Carver's book: QM applies to all matter--not just small systems or isolated particles--is well made. He brings up experimental data from superconductors to illustrate that the phenomenon of coherent quantum entanglement can, and does, occur at macroscopic scales; and that such behavior is very quantum. Thus he proves, quite convincingly, that quantum mechanics applies to all coherent systems.

He then closes by making some very important points. (1) He shows that quantum behavior of such systems can be expressed in quantum language (wave function), relativistic language (four-vectors), or electrodynamics (vector potential, scalar potential) in an equivalent fashion. This is important, as it proves that a superconductor is macroscopic, exhibits quantum behavior, and that these quantitative results agree with those found from the other approaches. (2) He makes the point that the quantum and relativistic equations show that electromagnetic phenomena consist of two parts: one traveling forward in time; the other backward in time. Feynmann and others have said this for a long time, and he shows how thermodynamics (or un-coherent behavior) forces what we see as only time-evolution in one direction in un-coherent systems. (3) He illustrates, modeling single atoms as tiny superconducting resonators, that two atoms that are coherently linked will start exchanging energy. This causes an exponential, positive-feedback loop that ends with each atom in a quantum eigenstate. Thus quantum collapse is neither discontinuous, nor instantaneous; and in fact makes a lot of sense. (4) He explains, using four-vectors, that all points on a light-cone are near each other in four space. This point--together with (2)--shows that there's no causality contradiction between relativity and quantum mechanics. For example, he explains that two entangled particles, such as photons light years apart, can affect each other immediately if one falls into an eigenstate, since the four-dimensional distance between them (R1 dot R2) is zero. Although separated in three space, they're neighbors in four space. Through these demonstrations and proofs, he successfully suggests that there is a way to further develop the 'behavior of charged, coherent systems' such that quantum mechanics and relativity will agree--but the conceptual changes he suggests are necessary and must be further developed. Also, he admits that a better, more appropriate mathematical and computational methods will be needed, since the complexity of coherent systems runs as n^2.

Pleasantly, then, the book makes elegant, defensible, mathematical and conceptual steps to resolve some nagging points of understanding. Also, the narrative gives the best introduction to electrodynamics and quantum mechanics that I've ever seen. Since the theoretical criticisms and experimental data are quite valid, his proposed resolutions are eye-opening and valuable. The methods he suggests greatly simply thinking about complicated quantum/classical problems. New approaches for future theoretical research are also suggested. Despite the dark tone in the preface, the book is positive, enlightening, and well anchored to accepted, modern experimental results and theoretical work.

Collective Electrodynamics by Carver Mead
It's a short book, about 125 pages, and well worth the read. Familiarity with classical and quantum physics, and special relativity, is required to get the most out of it. As you can tell, I enjoyed it tremendously.

http://www.cs.caltech.edu/cspeople/faculty/mead_c.html

[junglelord]

The 2 spin quantum aether unit is 1440.
The 1 spin photon unit is 720.
We can only see half of everything, 720.

Angular Topology


Once in a long while, a "generalized principle" takes recognizable shape and emerges out of the vast sea of man's cumulative findings. For Fuller, these principles—characterized as true in every case—are the real wealth of society. Applications may not always be immediately clear, but if an inventory of "generalized principles" is made accessible, he reasoned, humanity will put them to use sooner or later.

The "principle of angular topology" was recognized by the mathematician and philosopher René Descartes (1596-1650), but the title of course is Fuller's. Perhaps by giving Descartes's remarkable discovery a new title, Bucky hoped to excite the kind of attention he felt it deserved.

In every polyhedral system, the sum of the angles around all the vertices is exactly 720 degrees less than the number of vertices times 360 degrees, or (360° × V) - 720°. True for the tetrahedron, true for the crocodile. In Fuller's words, every system has exactly 720 degrees of "takeout."

If this principle seems complicated, it is only because the words are hard to follow, but the following image should make it easier. Picture a paper cone—the shape of an ice-cream cone without the ice cream. Notice that a cone, having an opening at the base, is not a closed system. Now, split the paper cone open by slicing a straight line from its pointed tip to the circular hole, and then spread the piece of paper out fiat on the floor like a rug (Fig. 6-3). There is now an angular gap left by the paper, where the floor shows through. That gap is the "takeout angle," the angular difference between a flat map and a cone.






Fig. 6-3
Click on thumbnail for larger image.



In the same manner, you can slice open some number of edges of a polyhedron until its surface can be spread out like a rug. The resulting map, similar to a dressmaker's pattern, is called in geometry a polyhedron's net. A net contains all faces of a polyhedron, some of them separated by angular gaps; it is a flat pattern which can be folded along the edges, and taped together to generate its polyhedron. Figure 6-4 shows nets of an icosahedron and an octahedron. The principle of angular topology states that the sum of the angular gaps, no matter how simple or complex the system, will be exactly 720 degrees.






Fig. 6-4
Click on thumbnail for larger image.



Or go through these procedures in reverse: start with flat paper and cut out one pie-shaped segment to make a cone. Then keep going, cutting out more slices, just until the point at which the paper can be closed off into a system. This point is reached when you have taken out exactly 720 degrees. It's a prerequisite to closure; there is no leeway. To check, you can measure all the scraps that have been taken out; the results are always the same: however irregular your cuts or strange your resulting closed system, the total takeout must be 720 degrees. This consistent total presents a generalized principle for closed systems.

The surface angles of any tetrahedron (regular or not) also happen to add up to 720 degrees. (Four triangles: 4 × 180° = 720°.) Fuller certainly isn't going to let that one slip by! The "difference between the visibly definite system and the invisibly finite Universe [i.e., plane] is always exactly one finite invisible tetrahedron..." (224.10).

Consider once again the variety of systems. This principle—a first cousin of Euler's law—describes an extraordinary consistency. The "720-degree excess" is an appropriate parallel to Euler's "constant 2" in that there are 720 degrees in two complete revolutions. Both are counterintuitive: Euler's law reveals that the number of edges is always exactly two less than the vertices plus faces, no matter how complex the system, just as the angular "takeout" is 720 degrees whether the surface angles themselves add up to a total of 720 degrees, as in the tetrahedron, or to 57,600 degrees, as in the "four-frequency icosahedron." (Don't worry, that structure will be explained below.) Table III shows the results for a few different polyhedra, verifying the constant "excess" of 720 degrees.

Table III reveals another notable consistency: the sum of the surface angles in every polyhedron is a multiple of the tetrahedron's 720 degrees (column 5). This calls to mind our earlier observation that the number of edges in many ordered polyhedra is a multiple of the tetrahedron's six. (Refer to Chapter 4.)
http://www.angelfire.com/mt/marksomers/88.html