Graphene Studies

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seasmith
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Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by seasmith » Wed Apr 16, 2008 4:09 pm

Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

[What is ‘Tunneling’?]

The quality of its crystal lattice is also respon-
sible for the remarkably high electrical conductivity
of graphene. Its electrons can travel without
being scattered off course by lattice imperfections
and foreign atoms. Even the jostling
from the surrounding carbon atoms, which electrons
in graphene must endure at room temperature,
is relatively small because of the high
strength of the interatomic bonds.
[ see also:
http://www.its.caltech.edu/~atomic/snow ... /class.htm
http://www.johnrausch.com/PuzzlingWorld/chap08.htm
and the ever excellent Zometool
http://www.johnrausch.com/PuzzlingWorld/chap08.htm]

Indeed, the
electrons in graphene—perhaps “electric charge
carriers” is a more appropriate term—are curious
creatures that live in the weird world where
rules analogous to those of relativistic quantum
mechanics play…


After traveling readily through the
odd, antiworld valley of the barrier, the antiparticles
convert back into particles
at the other side
and emerge unimpeded.…

As electrons travel through the chicken-wire
web of carbon atoms in graphene, they, too, act
as if they were a kind of quasiparticle. Astonishingly,
however, the charge-carrying quasiparticle
in graphene does not act much like an electron.
[ HEREITCOMES, sea]
In the ordinary quantum-mechanical picture, an electron acts in some
contexts like a wave that spreads out in space. The wave represents, roughly,
the probability of finding the electron at a particular point in space and time
.
When a high-speed electron wave in graphene (orange wave in 3a)
comes to a potential-energy barrier, QED makes an even more startling
prediction: the electron wave will subsequently be found on the far side of
an energy barrier with 100 percent probability (3b).
In fact, its closest analogue is another
elementary particle, the nearly massless neutrino
.
Of course, the neutrino, in accord with its
name, is electrically neutral (in Italian, neutrino
means “little neutral one”), whereas the quasiparticle
in graphene carries the same electric
charge as the electron. But because the neutrino
travels at nearly the speed of light, no matter
what its energy or momentum, it must be described
in terms of the theory of relativity
. Similarly,
a quasiparticle in graphene always moves
at a high constant speed, albeit about 300 times
slower than the speed of light. In spite of its
scaled-down speed, its behavior closely parallels
the relativistic behavior of the neutrino.
[/quote]

"Particles from “Nothing”"
A
particle-antiparticle pair can appear under relativistic
conditions because it costs little energy
for an extremely fast-moving, high-energy
object to create a pair of “virtual particles.Oddly, the pair emerges directly from nothing—from the vacuum.
[ shades of co-generating vortices / zero-point yada-yada]

Consequently, on extremely
short timescales, energy can take on almost
any value.


For example, a virtual electron and a
virtual positron can suddenly pop into existence
by “borrowing” energy from the vacuum,[ ??? ]
provided the lifetimes of the virtual particles
are so short that the energy deficit is paid back
before it can be detected.
[These folks may be closet EU heads !! ]
…………………………
The Klein paradox…
After traveling readily through the
odd, antiworld valley of the barrier, the antiparticles
convert back into particles at the other side
and emerge unimpeded.
~ What’s really happening here?
Is there really a barrier, other than our current dimension-bound sense and sensors?

Rather than ‘term-limiting’ the concepts of:
The time-metered-motion of energy as snapshot of “standing wave” virtual “particles”;
in contradiction to eternally propagating and fractalating wave-like emanations.
Might graphine-like, crystalline, nearinstantaneous Resonance~ be a more comprehensive conceptual grasp?


In graphene,
the Klein paradox becomes a routine effect
with readily observable consequences. As
charge-carrying, massless Dirac quasiparticles
move within a graphene crystal across which a
voltage, or potential-energy difference, has been
applied, experimenters can measure the material’s
electrical conductivity.
~More grant $, please…

{ADD LINK]
http://onnes.ph.man.ac.uk/nano/Publicat ... m_2008.pdf~
SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTORS

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junglelord
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by junglelord » Thu Apr 17, 2008 5:11 am

As far as I can see this is crying out AETHER.
:?
Great post
:D
If you only knew the magnificence of the 3, 6 and 9, then you would have a key to the universe.
— Nikola Tesla
Casting Out the Nines from PHI into Indigs reveals the Cosmic Harmonic Code.
— Junglelord.
Knowledge is Structured in Consciouness. Structure and Function Cannot Be Seperated.
— Junglelord

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webolife
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by webolife » Thu Apr 17, 2008 10:47 am

When I see the phrase, "electrons traveling", I have to stop my self and ask... do electrons travel through a wire in an electric circuit?
Electric current, as you more electrical experts know better than I, is a misnomer. Charge is transfered... energy is transduced... resonant bodies interact (across distance I might add)... but what precisely does it mean for an electron to travel? Especially across a crystalline barrier (like through a wire?). There are several explanations incl. classical, orthodox, aetherometric, or...? Electricians speak of "charge flow vs. hole flow" noting the opposite directions of these in a traditional electric wire or circuit. Instantaneous action across distance is needed (by me) in order to visualize such interactions. Can it be shown that electical effects are instantaneously induced through system voltage, at any scale? Are Birkeland "currents" analagous to amperage in a wire? Piezo-electric effects are virtually instantaneous. Are they perhaps verily instant? Is it possible that electrical interactions between planetary, stellar or galactic systems, and beyond, are "instantaneous" providing that we acknowledge the necessary movement/vibrations of intermediate transceivers? The short delays we experience in the sending and receiving of spectral signals of whatever sort may be due simply to the exigent time required for a relay (electron-ic or nuclear?) to "switch" on or off... If these interactions are driven by the field dynamics then no need for particles to pop in or out of existence... Newton's cradle works as an analogy for my thinking here. Prove me wacko, anyone?
Truth extends beyond the border of self-limiting science. Free discourse among opposing viewpoints draws the open-minded away from the darkness of inevitable bias and nearer to the light of universal reality.

seasmith
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by seasmith » Thu Apr 17, 2008 4:50 pm

~
Webolife wrote:
When I see the phrase, "electrons traveling",...

I guess at (at least) two possibilities of charge transfer mechanisms.
One is like a resonating crystal, where the charge carriers propogate charge following the old billiard ball anology [Glafreniere has very good vids of these ones at: http://www.glafreniere.com/matter.htm ].
A second would be a low speed quasi-longitudinal effect, as when a battery or capacitor is actually packed with a relative surplus of charge carriers.

Here is background paper on graphene describing a host of special electrical characteristics, also by AK Geim and assoc.:

PROGRESS ARTICLE
A. K. GEIM AND K. S. NOVOSELOV
Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of
Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

http://onnes.ph.man.ac.uk/nano/Publicat ... Review.pdf

Thanks Jungle
~

seasmith
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by seasmith » Thu Jan 01, 2009 11:48 am

~
Just looking at graphene can change its properties
Graphene is a recently discovered allotrope of carbon, which consists of a planar single sheet of carbon atoms arranged in honeycomb lattice....
In order to build useful devices from materials which have only atomic thickness (as small as 0.35 nanometers) – as single-layer graphene does – one has to use extensively scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) processing. ...

Alexander A. Balandin, Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Riverside (UCR), together with his graduate student Desalegne Teweldebrhan, has discovered that even short-time (a few minutes) exposure of graphene to low and medium energy electron-beam irradiation (5 - 20 keV), which is typical of SEM characterization, results in substantial changes of graphene's properties.
"The micro-Raman spectroscopy of graphene layers, carried out after each electron-beam irradiation step, indicates that graphene transforms to the nanocrystalline, and then to amorphous form," Balandin explains to Nanowerk. "The latter means that graphene crystalline lattice, with the long-rage ordering of atoms, first becomes polycrystalline, where the ordering is preserved only within small grains, and then transforms to a completely disordered amorphous state, which is characterized by poor electrical properties."
http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=8764.php

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junglelord
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by junglelord » Thu Jan 01, 2009 12:50 pm

PROGRESS ARTICLE
A. K. GEIM AND K. S. NOVOSELOV
Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, University of
Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

http://onnes.ph.man.ac.uk/nano/Publicat ... Review.pdf

Thanks Jungle
~
Your welcome.

Materials That Should Not Exist.
More than 70 years ago, Landau and Peierls argued that strictly 2D
crystals were thermodynamically unstable and could not exist11,12.
Th eir theory pointed out that a divergent contribution of thermal
fl uctuations in low-dimensional crystal lattices should lead to such
displacements of atoms that they become comparable to interatomic
distances at any fi nite temperature13. Th e argument was later
extended by Mermin14 and is strongly supported by an omnibus
of experimental observations. Indeed, the melting temperature
of thin fi lms rapidly decreases with decreasing thickness, and the
fi lms become unstable (segregate into islands or decompose) at a
thickness of, typically, dozens of atomic layers15,16. For this reason,
atomic monolayers have so far been known only as an integral
part of larger 3D structures, usually grown epitaxially on top of
monocrystals with matching crystal lattices15,16. Without such a
3D base, 2D materials were presumed not to exist, until 2004, when
the common wisdom was fl aunted by the experimental discovery
of graphene7 and other free-standing 2D atomic crystals (for
example, single-layer boron nitride and half-layer BSCCO)8. Th ese
crystals could be obtained on top of non-crystalline substrates8–10,
in liquid suspension7,17 and as suspended membranes18.
Importantly, the 2D crystals were found not only to be
continuous but to exhibit high crystal quality7–10,17,18. Th e latter is most
obvious for the case of graphene, in which charge carriers can travel
thousands of interatomic distances without scattering7–10. With the
benefi t of hindsight, the existence of such one-atom-thick crystals can
be reconciled with theory. Indeed, it can be argued that the obtained
2D crystallites are quenched in a metastable state because they are
extracted from 3D materials, whereas their small size (<<1 mm) and
strong interatomic bonds ensure that thermal fl uctuations cannot
lead to the generation of dislocations or other crystal defects even
at elevated temperature13,14. A complementary viewpoint is that the
extracted 2D crystals become intrinsically stable by gentle crumpling
in the third dimension18,19 (for an artist’s impression of the crumpling,
see the cover of this issue). Such 3D warping (observed on a lateral
scale of ≈10 nm)18 leads to a gain in elastic energy but suppresses
thermal vibrations (anomalously large in 2D), which above a certain
temperature can minimize the total free energy19.
More than 70 years ago, Landau and Peierls argued that strictly 2D
crystals were thermodynamically unstable and could not exist11,12.
Th eir theory pointed out that a divergent contribution of thermal
fl uctuations in low-dimensional crystal lattices should lead to such
displacements of atoms that they become comparable to interatomic
distances at any fi nite temperature13. Th e argument was later
extended by Mermin14 and is strongly supported by an omnibus
of experimental observations. Indeed, the melting temperature
of thin fi lms rapidly decreases with decreasing thickness, and the
fi lms become unstable (segregate into islands or decompose) at a
thickness of, typically, dozens of atomic layers15,16. For this reason,
atomic monolayers have so far been known only as an integral
part of larger 3D structures, usually grown epitaxially on top of
monocrystals with matching crystal lattices15,16. Without such a
3D base, 2D materials were presumed not to exist, until 2004, when
the common wisdom was fl aunted by the experimental discovery
of graphene7 and other free-standing 2D atomic crystals (for
example, single-layer boron nitride and half-layer BSCCO)8. Th ese
crystals could be obtained on top of non-crystalline substrates8–10,
in liquid suspension7,17 and as suspended membranes18.
Importantly, the 2D crystals were found not only to be
continuous but to exhibit high crystal quality7–10,17,18. Th e latter is most
obvious for the case of graphene, in which charge carriers can travel
thousands of interatomic distances without scattering7–10. With the
benefi t of hindsight, the existence of such one-atom-thick crystals can
be reconciled with theory. Indeed, it can be argued that the obtained
2D crystallites are quenched in a metastable state because they are
extracted from 3D materials, whereas their small size (<<1 mm) and
strong interatomic bonds ensure that thermal fl uctuations cannot
lead to the generation of dislocations or other crystal defects even
at elevated temperature13,14. A complementary viewpoint is that the
extracted 2D crystals become intrinsically stable by gentle crumpling
in the third dimension18,19 (for an artist’s impression of the crumpling,
see the cover of this issue). Such 3D warping (observed on a lateral
scale of ≈10 nm)18 leads to a gain in elastic energy but suppresses
thermal vibrations (anomalously large in 2D), which above a certain
temperature can minimize the total free energy19.
If you only knew the magnificence of the 3, 6 and 9, then you would have a key to the universe.
— Nikola Tesla
Casting Out the Nines from PHI into Indigs reveals the Cosmic Harmonic Code.
— Junglelord.
Knowledge is Structured in Consciouness. Structure and Function Cannot Be Seperated.
— Junglelord

seasmith
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by seasmith » Mon Jan 05, 2009 11:13 am

~
http://onnes.ph.man.ac.uk/nano/Publicat ... Review.pdf

J'lord,

That was the article i cited last Spring to illustrate the structure and some of the electro-magnetic characteristics of graphene.

What are you on about ??

s
~

tholden
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by tholden » Tue Jan 06, 2009 10:49 am

Graphene could be the next generation of tennis racquets, bow risers, arrows, golf clubs and the like.

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Solar
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by Solar » Wed Jan 07, 2009 6:56 pm

I can't help but notice the similarities between graphene's crystalline and amorphous states when compared to "Liquid Crystals". I'm wondering if the nano-sizing is of such extent that graphene reveals the two states as being fundamental to the nature of propagation of "charge".

Such that the crystalline state is optimal for the 'transference' of "charge" via a material adopting an crystalline phase for the duration of "charge" 'transference', which occurs as a temporary resonant "imbalance" to the material's amorphous and overall "neutral" phase. These are very intriguing qualities:
"The micro-Raman spectroscopy of graphene layers, carried out after each electron-beam irradiation step, indicates that graphene transforms to the nanocrystalline, and then to amorphous form," Balandin explains to Nanowerk. "The latter means that graphene crystalline lattice, with the long-rage ordering of atoms, first becomes polycrystalline, where the ordering is preserved only within small grains, and then transforms to a completely disordered amorphous state, which is characterized by poor electrical properties."
As electrons travel through the chicken-wire
web of carbon atoms in graphene, they, too, act
as if they were a kind of quasiparticle. Astonishingly,
however, the charge-carrying quasiparticle
in graphene does not act much like an electron.
It sounds as if graphene is so thin that it reveals, or this allotrope mimics, a liquid crystal phase (of "matter"?) which is also characterize by the establishment of "long range" order ("lattice") via the application of electric currents?
"Our laws of force tend to be applied in the Newtonian sense in that for every action there is an equal reaction, and yet, in the real world, where many-body gravitational effects or electrodynamic actions prevail, we do not have every action paired with an equal reaction." — Harold Aspden

seasmith
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by seasmith » Wed Jan 07, 2009 8:43 pm

Solar wrote:
It sounds as if graphene is so thin that it reveals, or this allotrope mimics, a liquid crystal phase (of "matter"?) which is also characterize by the establishment of "long range" order ("lattice") via the application of electric currents?
I think the mimicry is there. Perhaps it's the thinness that allows only the conducive crystalline lattice state to predominate.

Given the reversion to amorphous form when scanned, it sounds as though it may not remain too stable in commercial applications;
unless shielded from any incidental radiations.

http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=8764.php

~s~

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junglelord
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by junglelord » Thu Jan 08, 2009 7:17 am

Its the 2-D geometry of the hexagon. Quantum confinement is the reason for the exotic behaviour. I call it Rotors and Stators. Made a thread on that too because I had the vision of synesthesia on that one big time.
http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/forum/phpB ... 09&start=0
If you only knew the magnificence of the 3, 6 and 9, then you would have a key to the universe.
— Nikola Tesla
Casting Out the Nines from PHI into Indigs reveals the Cosmic Harmonic Code.
— Junglelord.
Knowledge is Structured in Consciouness. Structure and Function Cannot Be Seperated.
— Junglelord

seasmith
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Joined: Thu Mar 27, 2008 6:59 pm

Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by seasmith » Thu Jan 08, 2009 5:57 pm

~

Repeating from a few earlier posts. some of which have since vaporized,
6-fold is the form of universal Propagation;
be it aetheric or the EM spin-offs.
[ 5-fold is local Growth]
Hence the inversatility of dodecahedral (penta) and icosahedral (hexa) structure and form.

Of course the 3-fold Phi correlate between them is the prime procreant Driver, ie: the twelve vertices of any icosahedron lie at the corners of three othogonal 'Golden Rectangles',
(each possessing two edges and a center = 3x3>9, as per Kevin's 3 9's);
and the centers of the twelve faces of a dodecahedron also inscribe three orthogonal 'Golden Rectangles'.

~s~

seasmith
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by seasmith » Sun Jan 11, 2009 9:57 am

Image

Magnevex Update [ Part 3 ]

There was a related thread around, but can't find it now so will put it here temporarily
because it ties into the Phi ditsribution and flow of force fields. (Mabe also to the "Reverse Casmir" effect posted below.

Part 2 shows the- "the magnevex" using "magnetic energy" to move a electric armature in a motor/generator. Developed from nature's pattern of the "fibonacci spiral array."
Part 3.... is a look at the parts being gathered for the research and exploration into the vortical magnetic field.


http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Magnevex

Image

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junglelord
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by junglelord » Sun Jan 11, 2009 10:06 am

Nice Link, I have seen that shape used within the context of UFO propulsion. Also the fact as a coil configuration, it creates an interesting field. The rotating magnetic field is the key to all knowledge, 3-6-9, thats what they represent.
The aether is a quantum two spin rotating magnetic field. Put two and two together, using high frequency and high voltage with this rotating magnetic field, say a birkeland current with mercury vapour, and you just may have a ability to couple with the aether...I say you can and that is how you would attempt to do it.

Proper understanding of longitudinal energy and rotating magnetic fields is the next level. TT Brown made us all aware of the thrust of a capacitor. Over 150 years ago, the renowned grandfather of electromagnetic experimentation, Michael Faraday, stated, "I believe that as the inductance is to magnetism, the capacitor is to gravity".

Earth's ever-present gravity field provides the presence of a scalar gravity field on the plates of a capacitor, causing the molecules of the dielectric to polarize just as though an external DC voltage were being applied.
Here are some comments about the asymmetrical capacitors tested in High Vacuum :
These tests have been performed in the NASA NSSTC LEEIF vacuum chamber at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville (Alabama).
The vacuum is a High Vacuum at 1.72 x 10^-6 Torr, this is equal of vacuum space conditions at about 350 km far from the earth ground. For information, flying at an altitude of 100 km is equal to a space flight...
In the video of the tests, two asymmetrical capacitors are mounted on a rotating arm with a torsion wire used as a rotational axis.
A potential difference between the wire and the main armature of the asymmetrical capacitor is slowly increased from 0 to +45 KV.
These tests have been conducted by Gravitec Inc and the NASA on July 3, 2003 and haven't been published until today due to confidential reasons...
Tests results :

At the atmospherical pressure, we can observe a thrust in the plan of rotation and directly applied on the asymmetrical capacitors when the voltage is increased from 0 to +45 KV. This produces a torque on the apparatus. When the voltage is back down to 0 V, the device retrieves its initial position.
At the pressure of 1.72 x 10^-6 Torr ( High Vacuum conditions ), the apparatus rotates when the High Voltage is increased from 0 to +45 KV. However the thust observed is weaker than at the atmospherical pressure. When the voltage is back down to 0 V, the device retrieves its initial position.
The oscillation of the apparatus in the horizontal plan is amplified with a parametrical effect due to the superposition of impulsions.
Conclusions : This experiment is very interesting and shows definitely that a force is produced on asymmetrical capacitors when a High Voltage of +45KV is applied between their armatures in a High Vacuum ( 1.72 x 10^-6 Torr ).

The force applied on an asymmetrical capacitor is composed of two parts :

An eletrokinetics part produced by the ions kinetic momentum transfert and the attraction of the main armature by the ionic cloud generated by the wire. This effect occurs only at atmospherical pressure.
An electrogravitics part, this is the most interesting part, which can be observed only in High Vacuum conditions. This phenomenon, called the Biefeld-Brown effect, shows that it is possible to move an asymmetrical capacitor when it is energized with High Voltage. Although this force is weaker than the electrokinetics thrust in atmospherical pressure and although this thrust is not able to lift a standard Lifter placed in the earth gravity field, this experiment confirms a major phenomenon in the field of advanced propulsion because we have here a direct conversion of electricity into thrust...
Now, we can imagine space vehicles which will be able to move in deep space by using the direct conversion of electricity ( from solar panels, thermo-electric or electro-nuclear generators ) into thrust... This can be done without the need of conventional propellants or neutral gas ( this a propellantless propulsion )...

http://jnaudin.free.fr/lifters/ascvacuum/index.htm
If you only knew the magnificence of the 3, 6 and 9, then you would have a key to the universe.
— Nikola Tesla
Casting Out the Nines from PHI into Indigs reveals the Cosmic Harmonic Code.
— Junglelord.
Knowledge is Structured in Consciouness. Structure and Function Cannot Be Seperated.
— Junglelord

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Solar
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Re: Particle meets Wave- Graphene hexa-crystalene

Unread post by Solar » Sun Jan 11, 2009 1:37 pm

junglelord wrote: The aether is a quantum two spin rotating magnetic field. Put two and two together, using high frequency and high voltage with this rotating magnetic field, say a birkeland current with mercury vapour, and you just may have a ability to couple with the aether...I say you can and that is how you would attempt to do it.
Hmm..

The experiment that I had mentioned before which would seem to support the Aether as rotating magnetic field is little known and has been referred to as "The Aspden Effect".
DISCOVERY OF 'VIRTUAL INERTIA'

I report an anomalous energy phenomenon found in my motor experiments.

Imagine an electric machine having no electrical input itself and which, when started on no load by a drive motor and brought up to speed (3250 rpm), thereafter runs steadily at that speed with the motor drawing a little extra input power with a time delay rate of about two minutes. The machine rotor has a mass of 800 gm and at that speed its kinetic energy together with that of the drive motor is no more than 15 joules, contrasting with the excess energy of 300 joules needed to satisfy the anomalous power surge [to spin up from rest].

Imagine further that when the motor, after running five minutes or more, is switched off and the machine is stopped, you can restart it in the same or opposite direction and find that it now has a memory in the sense that it will not now ask for that 300 joules of excess input. 30 joules will suffice provided that the time lapse between starting and restarting is no more than a minute or so.
...
The experimental evidence is that there is something spinning of an ethereal nature coextensive with the machine rotor. That 'something' has an effective mass density 20 times that of the rotor, but it is something that can spin independently and take several minutes to decay, whereas the motor comes to rest in a few seconds.
...
Two machines of different rotor size and composition reveal the phenomenon and tests indicate variations with time of day and compass orientation of the spin axis. One machine, the one incorporating weaker magnets, showed evidence of gaining strength magnetically, as the test were repeated over several days-
LECTURE NO. 30 The Aspden Effect
He also has high praise for the Bedini Motor in this regard:
The experiment is one I can but admire for its simplicity. The motor is easy to build and has evidently been reproduced by others with the findings confirmed. The only objection I have is that the theory put forward to explain the 'free energy' source is well off-track and so I am writing what follows here to put the simple truths as to this energy source, as I see them.

The Bedini motor causes magnets to sweep past the end of a solenoidal winding so that the magnetic field linking the winding alternates. The solenoid delivers an alternating current which is full-wave rectified by a bridge rectifier to feed d.c. to charge a battery system. The battery system provides the d.c. power to run an electric motor which spins the rotor supporting the magnets and, instead of the battery system discharging power, its net effect is to gain energy substantially and become more charged. We have a 'free-energy' generator.
...
The way to look at this is to imagine a magnet moving along through space devoid of matter. "IS THERE A REACTING AETHER?"
I don't like long post when a link will suffice but here is something else from the same link that may peak your interest concerning so called "1/2 spin". Aspden considers this to be a connived contrivance which conceals the aether:
My enlightenment on this goes back about half a century to my Ph.D. theme concerning energy anomalies in the magnetization process and my own way of deciphering the experimental factor-of-two, the g-factor that physicists see as connected with a so-called 'half-spin' quantum. What should be 1 appears as 1/2 in the electron reaction property of the ratio of angular momentum and magnetic moment As a short summary my argument is that 2 can be seen as 1, rather than 1 being seen as 1/2, if we say that 2 minus 1 is 1, where that minus term refers to an aether that I see but the physics community in general cannot see. Take away the aether and what you think is 1 appears to be halved. Hold faith with the aether and what you see is 2 offset by a reaction of 1 to leave you with the 1 you see as the action of an electron in its orbital motion, but you do not then need the 'half-spin' notion to explain away the factor-of-two anomaly observed in the gyromagnetic ratio experiments, the g-factor experiments involving anomalous magnetic inductive reactions concerning the ratio of magnetic moment and angular momentum. Accept the aether and the fact that you observe the net effect of an action as halved by aether reaction and you are in sight of how the aether stores magnetic energy.

I appreciate that the comments I make in the above paragraph may seem to be incomprehensible if read by a person not familiar with the physics of the 'half-spin' notions of quantum theory. However, keep in mind here that the physics community makes no effort whatsoever to explain in simple terms what they mean when they refer to 'half-spin'. They are really talking about minute energy differences in the energy responses of atoms, but they have wrapped up the theory with relativistic notions of four-dimensional space which no one can really understand.
I'll place a bit more regarding the later in the "problem with spin" thread if I can find it. The bottom line is that a motor will, upon coming to rest after running for some time, require less energy to re-acquire it's top rpm. Why? Because it has already set up a resonant rotating magnetic field within the aether and simply re-syncs to it. The effect has been verified and simply swept under the rug. Would you , JL, convey this to Volantis and see if he can utilize it?
"Our laws of force tend to be applied in the Newtonian sense in that for every action there is an equal reaction, and yet, in the real world, where many-body gravitational effects or electrodynamic actions prevail, we do not have every action paired with an equal reaction." — Harold Aspden

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