It's been my impression that plasma is the "substrate," and that clouds of dust or gas move through it, creating ionization and electric current flow.When plasma moves through a dust or gas, the cloud becomes ionized and electric currents flow.
Review of laboratory experiments on Alfven's critical ionization velocityCritical ionization velocity (CIV, also called Critical velocity, CV) is the relative velocity between a neutral gas and plasma (an ionized gas), at which the neutral gas will start to ionize. If more energy is supplied, the velocity of the atoms or molecules will not exceed the critical ionization velocity until the gas becomes almost fully ionized.
cheersThe progress of laboratory experiments on Alfvén's Critical Ionization Velocity (CIV) of gas plasma interaction is reviewed. Since the first review by Danielsson (Astrophys. Space Sci. 24, 459 (1973)), in which the occurrence of the CIV phenomenon in crossed field discharges and in plasma-gas impact experiments was proved, most of the investigations have been directed towards clarifying the microscopic mechanism of the CIV by means of refined diagnostic techniques. The CIV interaction is identified — mostly by the plasma-gas impact experiments — to be a collisionless process, that leads to rapid electron heating, ionization and plasma braking. Turbulent electron heating by a modified two-stream instability is employed in modern CIV theories. Most of the experimental results presented corroborate the prevailance of this type of turbulent heating process.
Heh - of course. . .solrey wrote:It's all relative motion, it doesn't matter which is stationary or which is moving, the result is the same. Besides, there really is nothing that's stationary in the universe, everything is moving.
Thanks!And thanks for that, too. I've never looked at that closely enough.solrey wrote:It seems Steve forgot to mention Critical Ionization Velocity.
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