Lloyd,
Most of the points you raise I had covered on ‘An Alternative to Plate and Expansion Tectonics’ thread:
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=16534In part 3 of this thread see:
https://www.thunderbolts.info/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=16534#p116159I mention the work of Robert Johnson (Johnson. Robert. 2014. Massive Solar Eruptions and their contribution to the causes of Tectonic Uplift. NCGT Journal Vol.2 No.1.)
http://www.ncgtjournal.com/assets/NCGT_Journal_Contents_March_2014.pdf‘Abstract: All theories of tectonic uplift published to date rely on the Earth’s internal sources of energy to power the process. This assumption imposes constraints on the various models of uplift which often conflict with the geomorphic evidence. An external source of energy would alter the constraints and thus could reconcile many existing models with the evidence. This paper demonstrates that an external source of energy arising from massive solar eruptions is likely to have been available on rare occasions in past eras. The astrophysical evidence for the Earth-Sun connection and the variability of the Sun’s coronal discharges is examined together with published models of the expected effect of extreme solar eruptions. It is shown that electric discharges to the Earth’s surface many orders of magnitude larger than present-day lightning strikes would result from the impact of an extreme Coronal Mass Ejection. The energy delivered directly to the crustal strata could have been sufficient to contribute to uplift via many of the existing thermal expansion and phase change models. Rapid ion diffusion in the electric fields associated with the discharges is also likely to have occurred, thereby potentially offering a solution to ‘the granite problem’. Geological evidence is brought forward in support of the present hypothesis.’
In that paper Robert Johnson introduces the reader to the ‘Gold scenario’:
“The astronomer Thomas Gold suggested in 1962 that there was no reason to assume on the present data that the Sun had always emitted energy at the rate seen in the present era (Gold, 1962, discussion p. 170). He considered what effect a more massive solar eruption would have on the Earth’s immediate environment. In the scenario outlined by Gold, the increased solar wind pressure would drive the inner edge of the Earth’s [outer] magnetosphere down into the upper atmosphere. Gold argued that the atmosphere is a good insulator and so the storm-generated electric currents which normally run in this conductive inner edge of the outer magnetosphere would then encounter great resistance. In this circumstance, the path of least resistance is to short down in a massive and continuous ‘lightning strike’ or discharge through the atmosphere, run through the more conducting surface of the Earth, and short back up to the magnetosphere in a second discharge to close the circuit back to the magnetosphere (see Gold,1962, figs. 1 and 2).
“In this situation, huge direct currents of “hundreds of millions of Amps” (Gold, 1962) would run in the surface of the Earth between the points of discharge connecting the surface to the compressed magnetosphere.”
Robert Johnson proposes that just such electrical discharges acted to uplift modern mountainous regions to their present elevation- I agree.
Such currents would flow if either Earth encountered another celestial body or Earth’s electrical environment changed. One area yet to explore- I see such discharge altering Earth’s surface gravity which may have contributed to the vertical tectonics at that time (see ‘An Alternative to Plate and Expansion Tectonics’ for my views on vertical tectonics).
Of course, water being plentiful on the Earth’s surface undoubtedly play a role during the cataclysm- after all 95% of all fossils are of marine organisms- and John Baumgardner has conducted simulations on how tides/ tidal waves could generate sediment from crystalline basement forming the sedimentary megasequences, see: ‘Explaining The Continental Fossil-Bearing Sediment Record In Terms Of The Genesis Flood: Insights From Numerical Modeling Of Erosion, Sediment Transport, And Deposition Processes On A Global Scale. Proceedings of the Seventh ICC’.
We can picture both electrical and physical processes generating sediment but wave action certainly did not sculpt Mt Everest- the dendritic patterns of mountain ranges must have an electrical origin. Paul Anderson has done work in this respect. See:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7w1rGeqXBgAs for ice sculpting mountains geologist Louis Hissink writes: “Another example of this logical fallacy is the belief that mountain glaciers actively erode the bedrock to form characteristic topographic features such as cirques and corries. This interpretation is the result of noticing that during winter the uplands of the creeks and drainages in the mountains are filled with glacial ice that on melting must have thus formed the peculiar and assumed diagnostic features of glacial erosion. The problem is, however, that glacial ice flows and is not capable of grinding and comminuting bedrock. But since no other physical agent was observed it was logically assumed that the ice was responsible.”
Again form ‘An Alternative to Plate and Expansion Tectonics’ part 3 thread I write: “Paul Anderson uses fractal analysis to determine what process –fluvial or electrical- shaped the various landforms on the Earth, the main focus being canyons and riverbeds. This analysis is then compared to electrical discharge patterns recorded in laboratory experiments. In concluding he writes: ‘Just as water flows and collects in the tire tracks of a mud road, it is the author’s hypothesis that water on earth flowed into the remnants and the surfaces carved by electrical events in the recent past. Water flow does not appear to form structures with as many branches, particularly perpendicular branches, as do electrical events. While the mechanisms of discharge formation are still under study by those in the EU (Electric Universe) community, the current from the source must have been higher than it is today in the present auroras. The auroral process would have extended well beyond the current northern and southern locations, and once the atmosphere could not support the ionization it would break down in the form of electric discharges.’
“The fractal signature of an electrical discharge is the Lichtenberg figure, (9) not only is this figure associated with canyons and riverbeds (10) it is also apparent in mountain ranges (11, 12). If the major canyons and riverbeds on Earth’s surface were carved out electrically then it is reasonable to assume that the iconic mountain form must have been also- possibly during the same electrical event.
“One property of electric arcs is to preferentially strike raised surfaces, now, combining Johnson and Anderson we see that mountain formation was not only due to electrical uplift but also due to electrical erosion. In this image of the Tibetan Plateau -from the International Space Station- (13), we notice the uplifted plateau the rim of which has been eroded to form snow-capped mountain ranges.
“This is the pattern we see the world over and now we have an explanation. During a period of global upheaval immense electric currents swept across and penetrated deep below the surface of the Earth. As immense blocks were raised from a former flat planation surface high points became a focus for electrical erosion. What strata escaped being metamorphosed were eroded, pulverised and scattered by intense electrical winds (something similar but on a vastly reduced scale still occurs on Mars today (14)).” (References given in thread)
In the same thread I write: “Ashes and Dust Large areas of the Earth’s strata and surface record what geologists perceive as ‘massive volcanic eruptions’ quite often these prehistoric eruptions dwarf any recorded eruption. For example, Dinosaur National Monument (Utah, USA) is part of the Morrison Formation which covers some 700,000 square miles. Part of the formation is: ‘dominated by silica-rich volcanic ash representing explosive volcanism on a colossal scale…A staggering quantity of volcanic materials, estimated at more than 4,000 cubic miles, occurs within the thin but widespread Brushy Basin Member in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. No volcano is known within the boundary of the Morrison deposit, no local lava flows are known within the Morrison boundary, and geologists place the nearest explosive volcanic source vents in southern California or Nevada. How these coarse volcanic materials in such colossal quantities were distributed on so wide a scale remains a mystery.’(15)
“The Worzel Deep Sea Ash is another mystery. Following the discovery of the ash researchers noted: ‘The ash consists of colourless shards of volcanic glass with an index of refraction of 1.500 and varying in size from 0.07 to 0.2 mm. There is no particle size sorting. Most of the shards are in the form of curved, fluted, or crumpled films of glass. A minority are nearly equidimensional fragments of silky pumice. No crystalline minerals have been found. In all important respects it is similar to material which has been classified as volcanic ash in the deep-sea deposits of the world. On preliminary examination, the ash of the Worzel layer appears to be quite similar to the ash layer which occurs in a suite of cores from the Gulf of Mexico. Rex and Goldberg have found quartz particles of continental origin in abundance in Pacific sediments as much as 2,000 miles from the nearest continent…The ash is entirely unlike material described as meteoritic dust.’ (16)
“The researchers concluded: ‘Apparently we require either a single very large volcanic explosion, or the simultaneous explosion of many volcanoes, or conceivably a cometary collision similar to that suggested by Urey as a "last resort type explanation" for the origin of tektites.’ In other words a global cataclysm is required to account for the ash. However, if we look at the chemical composition of the ash (17) we find it shares similar chemical properties with granite (18).
“Loess covers about 10% of the Earth’s land surface and is according to Michael Oard: ‘…difficult to define, but it is generally considered to be wind-blown (Aeolian) silt. It is composed mostly of quartz grains, with minor portions of clay and sand often mixed with the silt. Loess is commonly intermixed vertically with ‘paleosols’, which are supposedly fossil soils that have been preserved in the geologic record or buried deeply enough that it is no longer subject to soil forming processes. Scientists previously believed the silt particles in loess were derived from ice abrasion, but they now believe that loess has both a glacial and non-glacial origin.
“‘Loess covers much of the mid and high latitude continents, forming a thickening belt in Europe from the Atlantic coast east into Russia and the Ukraine in areas generally south of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. It also covers a large portion of the Midwest of the United States, the lowlands of Alaska, southeast Washington and eastern Idaho and some 440,000 km2 of central China, where it is up to 300m thick. Millions of woolly mammoths and other Ice Age animals are mostly entombed in loess in non-glaciated areas of Siberia, Alaska and the Yukon Territory of Canada. Wind blown material is common within the Ice Age portion of the Greenland ice cores.
“‘Despite the large number of studies, there are many problems associated with loess from a uniformitarian view: ‘Few problems in Quaternary geology have raised so much controversy as loess’.’(19)
“Whether it be ‘volcanic ash’, deep sea ash or loess the origin of this material is mysterious evoking massive eruptions of missing volcanoes or in the case of loess: ‘(1) hot deserts, (2) cold deserts, (3) drowned sources covered by late-glacial sea level rise and (4) glacial grinding.’ A more encompassing explanation would be that all this material is the by-product of the electrical erosion that occurred during the mountain forming period. Depending on exactly when the material was eroded determined its ultimate classification. For example, material eroded in the early stages may have been deposited whilst marine incursions were still ongoing- this material would have been incorporated into marine strata and interpreted as ‘volcanic’. During the latter stages when marine transgressions had subsided electrical dust storms would have scattered the material globally- eventually to settle on the ocean floor or entrap ‘Ice Age’ mammals.
“Furthermore, marine sponge spicules have been identified in loess, we have already seen that the fossilised remains of sea creatures have been found atop Mount Everest- it is likely that the remains of sponges originated from the uplifted uppermost sedimentary strata which, as mentioned previous, was pulverised and scattered as an electrical discharge carved out a mountain.” (References given in thread)
Back to Louis Hissink, I find it difficult to disagree with what he writes and this article is no exception:
https://malagabay.wordpress.com/2017/05/03/indian-impacts-hammerhead-geology-by-louis-hissink/What is interesting here is the radiometric profile of the Woolfe Creek Crater with its radioactive crater rim! I agree with Louis Hissink what we’re looking at is an electrical discharge one producing radioactive elements in situ.
Given the association of radioactive elements with granite and that: ““…great masses of granite are found to have been emplaced among deformed and metamorphosed sedimentary strata to form enormous granite bathyliths in the cores of major mountain ranges.” (ibid., p. 636). Granite is never found outside mountain belts (Bucher, 1950, p. 37).”; do we now have a link between electrical discharges and topographic uplift?