Charge Exchange at the Edge of the Heliosphere?

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Charge Exchange at the Edge of the Heliosphere?

Unread post by MGmirkin » Mon Jul 07, 2008 2:08 pm

(STEREO Creates First Images of the Solar System's Invisible Frontier)
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/STERE ... r_999.html

This article almost slipped by me the first time! Neutral atoms this, neutral atoms that...

But wait, there's more! If you act now... You might also read about the "charge exchange" occurring at the edge of the heliosphere.

Glad an online colleague forwarded it to me (prompting a second and slightly closer inspection)
"The suprathermal electron sensors were designed to detect charged electrons, which fluctuate in intensity depending on the magnetic field," said lead author Linghua Wang, a graduate student in UC Berkeley's Department of Physics. "We were surprised that these particle intensities didn't depend on the magnetic field, which meant they must be neutral atoms."
M'kay...
UC Berkeley physicists concluded that these energetic neutral atoms were originally ions heated up in the termination [shock] that lost their charge to cold atoms in the interstellar medium and, no longer hindered by magnetic fields, flowed back toward the sun and into the suprathermal electron sensors on STEREO.

"This is the first mapping of energetic neutral particles from beyond the heliosphere," Lin said. "These neutral atoms tell us about the hot ions in the heliosheath. The ions heated in the termination shock exchange charge with the cold, neutral atoms in the interstellar medium to become neutral, and then flow back in."
One wonders whether this is a repetitive process... Do the ions get "heated in the shock" migrate outward, "exchange charge," get neutralized, flow back in, and repeat the process. Might be interesting if it's a cyclical thing.

So, does the "charge exchange" make this an electrical exchange between the conductive heliospheric and interstellar plasmas?

*Raises an eyebrow* :)

What of Wal Thornhill's article(s) speaking of the "virtual" cathode that may be the heliosphere?

(Twinkle, twinkle electric star)
http://www.holoscience.com/news.php?article=x49g6gsf
A star is a pinpoint object at the center of a vast plasma sheath. The plasma sheath forms the boundary of the electrical influence of the star, where it meets the electrical environment of the galaxy. The Sun’s plasma sheath, or ‘heliosphere’ is about 100 times more distant than the Earth is from the Sun. To give an idea of the immensity of the heliosphere, all of the stars in the Milky Way could fit inside a sphere encompassed by the orbit of Pluto. The Sun’s heliosphere could accommodate the stars from 1000 Milky Ways!

Note: Voyager 1 has begun sampling the heliosphere and the results do not meet the expectations of a mechanical shock interaction. But they do meet the plasma sheath interpretation.

Clearly, in the immense volume of the heliosphere an unmeasurably small drift of electrons toward the Sun and ions away from the Sun (the solar wind) can satisfy the electrical power required to light the Sun. It is only when we get very close to the Sun that the current density becomes appreciable and plasma discharge effects become visible. The enigma of the Sun’s millions-of-degrees corona above a relatively ‘stone cold’ photosphere is immediately solved when the Sun’s power comes from the galaxy and not the center of the Sun!

It is clear from the behavior of its relatively cool photosphere that the Sun is an anode, or positively charged electrode, in a galactic discharge. The red chromosphere is the counterpart to the glow above the anode surface in a discharge tube. When the current density is too high for the anode surface to accommodate, a bright secondary plasma forms within the primary plasma. It is termed “anode tufting.” On the Sun, the tufts are packed together tightly so that their tops give the appearance of “granulation.”
(Voyager Probes the Sun's Electrical Environment)
http://www.holoscience.com/news.php?article=55fx8yeh
No Surprises for an Electric Sun

The Nobel Prize winner and pioneer of plasma physics, Irving Langmuir, wrote on the subject of Electric Discharges in Gases at Low Pressures, "When a difference of potential is applied to two electrodes in a gas and a current flows through the gas between these electrodes, the distribution of potential in the space assumes a wide variety of forms. Some of these are in striking contrast to the distribution obtained with metal conductors… there are many types of discharge in which most of the potential drop takes place within a short distance from the cathode, the rest of the space having practically the potential of the anode. Moreover, it is common to have potential maxima and minima in the space between the electrodes; and it often happens that one of these maxima in space has a potential higher than that of the anode, or a minimum has a potential lower than that of the cathode. These seemingly anomalous phenomena have been shown, in recent years, to represent the normal working of the fundamental electrical properties of gases…"

The expectations of NASA scientists are not being met because their shock front model is incorrect. The boundary that Voyager has reached is more complex and structured than a mechanical impact. It conforms more closely to the effects seen in electric discharges in gases at low pressures, discovered by Irving Langmuir in the 1920's and 30's. Until the fabulous journey of the Voyager spacecrafts scientists have not been so confronted with the electrical nature of the Sun and its galactic environment. As Langmuir noted, "most of the potential drop takes place within a short distance from the cathode, the rest of the space having practically the potential of the anode." In other words, throughout interplanetary space the steady radial electric field is so weak that its effects have been mistakenly attributed to other causes. For instance, the solar wind 's acceleration has been attributed to the heat of the corona and plasma waves emanating from the Sun. Cometary ablation and disintegration has been credited to solar heating. And the strange steady backward acceleration of the Voyager spacecrafts toward the Sun remains a mystery.

[Image]

>>A simple diagram of the characteristics of a glow discharge (after Cobine). Here the Sun is the anode at the right and the discharge into the interstellar plasma is similar to that of a high-voltage transmission line in air—commonly referred to as a "corona discharge."

It is a plasma sheath, or "double layer" of charge that separates the solar plasma from the interstellar plasma. The double layer forms part of the larger electric circuit of the solar Z-pinch. The double layer carries current and has an inner region of negative charge density and an outer region of positive charge density. Between the charge layers is a strong electric field. Allowing for the vast hourglass shape of the Sun's galactic circuitry, which will distort the pattern found by the Voyager spacecraft from the expected spherical shape, there are some general observations that can be made about what to expect. The complexity of plasma behavior makes it impossible to be highly specific.

The first significant feature encountered by Voyager as it moves from right to left in the diagram is the reversal of the electric field, which decelerates solar wind protons and accelerates electrons along the magnetic field lines. This effect gave NASA scientists the impression that Voyager had reached a hypothetical termination shock. It explains why the deceleration of the solar wind protons was greater than expected ("sluggish solar wind') and no ACR [anomalous cosmic ray] particles were found being accelerated there. Also beams of electrons were often found streaming out from the Sun along the magnetic field lines.

The electric field is strongest near the virtual cathode and it accelerates galactic electrons toward the Sun, leaving a region of positive space charge. The energetic electrons will ionize neutral interstellar particles that are drifting through the plasma sheath. It seems likely that those formed to the right of the voltage peak will experience acceleration toward the Sun to become anomalous cosmic rays. The voltage maximum in the diagram may, as Langmuir noted, be higher than the Sun's potential by an amount sufficient to account for the maximum energy of anomalous cosmic rays.

However, the most interesting effect may be found in the "cathode drop" region to the left of the voltage peak, where the powerful electric field has been estimated to accelerate solar wind protons away from the Sun at cosmic ray energies of the order of 10 billion electron volts. It seems that all stars generate cosmic rays in this way with energies that reflect the driving voltage of the star. The effect on a charged Voyager spacecraft could be very interesting too.
(Voyager 1 at the Edge – of what?)
http://www.holoscience.com/news.php?article=0yfteeje
In a paper, supported in part by NASA, Alfvén writes: "Since the time of Langmuir, we know that a double layer is a plasma formation by which a plasma–in the physical meaning of the word–protects itself from the environment. It is analogous to a cell wall by which a plasma (in the biological meaning of the word) protects itself from the environment.
"If a plasma is inhomogeneous so that the chemical composition, density, and/or electron temperature differs in different parts of the plasma, the plasma may set up double layers which split the plasma into two or more regions, each of which becomes more homogeneous."
[IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. PS-14, No. 6, Dec 1986.]

[...]

The solar plasma and that of interstellar space are two different plasmas, which must therefore have a "double layer" or Langmuir plasma sheath between them. So to treat the heliospheric boundary simply as a magnetohydrodynamic shock problem is naïve. A second hypothesis to be considered when looking at the data from Voyager 1 is that the spacecraft is entering the Sun's plasma sheath, which is protecting it and the planets from the interstellar environment. There is a very important reason for submitting this second hypothesis to rigorous tests. It is crucial to the electric Sun model. If the Sun is the local focus of a galactic discharge then the heliospheric double layer forms the "virtual cathode" to the Sun's corona discharge current. Almost the entire voltage drop between the Sun and the interstellar plasma will occur across this distant plasma sheath.

[...]

What things should we be looking for from Voyager 1? A double layer forms part of an electric circuit. It carries current and has regions of positive and negative charge density between which is a strong electric field. Alfvén notes some important properties of a double layer:
1. it very often, perhaps always, produces noise and fluctuations. The noise production is often associated with strong currents through plasmas.
2. it broadens the energy spectrum of electrons.
3. the noise is often incorrectly called 'turbulence.' It is such an important property of plasmas that theories which do not take it into consideration run some risk of being irrelevant.

Item 3 is important because astrophysicists believe they are dealing with mechanical shock turbulence at the termination shock boundary. Indeed, outside the termination shock, Voyager 1 saw that cosmic rays were coming from all over rather than from specific directions. Inevitably it was attributed to shock turbulence.

[...]

Return to news story archive 13 November 2005
Voyager 1 at the Edge – of what?

Read as black text on white

"The observations that are not explainable by current scientific theories are the most valuable, for they may propel the field forward in the next cycle of innovation, possibly to a paradigm shift."
– Don L. Jewett, What's Wrong With Single Hypotheses? –It's time to eschew enthrallment in science, The Scientist, Volume 19, Issue 21

It's official! In Science magazine of September 23 are reports that Voyager 1 has passed an important milestone. The spacecraft, at more than 94 times the distance of the Earth from the Sun, has "crossed the termination shock," where the solar wind is supposed to slow down before merging with the local interstellar medium.

IMAGE

This diagram shows the present position of the two Voyager spacecraft in relation to the solar system. The termination shock is where the solar wind speed drops from supersonic to subsonic. The heliosheath is the more dense region between the shock and the heliopause. It is deformed because of the ambient flow of the interstellar gas, forming a comet-like tail behind the Sun. The heliopause is where the solar wind is stopped by interstellar particles. And the bow shock is where the interstellar wind runs into the solar atmosphere. To complicate matters, the magnetic field of the Sun is wound up in the solar wind like a clock spring.

As usual, all is not well with this picture. In a commentary, Len Fisk of the University of Michigan summarized the reports in Science: "Once again the mantra of space exploration is fulfilled: When we go somewhere that is new, we find the unexpected" Is this because astrophysicists work with a single hypothesis – of an electrically dead universe?

The terminology used when describing the diagram above sounds more relevant to supersonic aircraft in our electrically neutral atmosphere than it does to the ionized and magnetized solar environment. There is no acknowledgement that only electric currents generate magnetic fields. It is a false doctrine in astrophysics that magnetic fields can be "frozen in" to plasma. Hannes Alfvén, the father of plasma physics, pointed this out in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech in 1970! It should, at least, have formed the basis of a second working hypothesis that acknowledged an electrical dimension to the problem. But scientists often don't follow their own rules of "best practice."

The problem of sticking with a single hypothesis was noted as long ago as 1897 by T. C. Chamberlin in the Journal of Geology, "Studies for students: the method of multiple working hypotheses." He wrote, "The moment one has offered an original explanation for a phenomenon which seems satisfactory, that moment affection for [one's] intellectual child springs into existence, and as the explanation grows into a definite theory [one's] parental affections cluster about [the] offspring and it grows more and more dear ... There springs up also unwittingly a pressing of the theory to make it fit the facts and a pressing of the facts to make them fit the theory..." This is the pattern of astrophysics.

Once established, the belief in and affection for one's intellectual child seems to override considerations of commonsense and sometimes the principles of physics. Not surprisingly, there is a marked lack of interest in "killing" one's "intellectual child." Yet searching for alternative hypotheses and devising crucial tests is supposed to be the cornerstone of good science. Instead, when confronted with discordant data, the existing model is usually bent to fit or we are told that the problem will be fixed real soon. There are myriad problems in astrophysics waiting for a solution. We rarely hear about them. We see instead science-fiction headlines like today's: "Phantom energy may fuel universe-eating wormhole." [New Scientist 11/11/2005].

There is an alternative hypothesis about what we will find at the outer limit of the Sun's domain. It has had plenty of time to percolate its way into the consciousness of astrophysicists, if they cared to look up from their mathematical computer models.

In a paper, supported in part by NASA, Alfvén writes: "Since the time of Langmuir, we know that a double layer is a plasma formation by which a plasma–in the physical meaning of the word–protects itself from the environment. It is analogous to a cell wall by which a plasma (in the biological meaning of the word) protects itself from the environment.
"If a plasma is inhomogeneous so that the chemical composition, density, and/or electron temperature differs in different parts of the plasma, the plasma may set up double layers which split the plasma into two or more regions, each of which becomes more homogeneous." [IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. PS-14, No. 6, Dec 1986.]

In the above paper, Alfvén did a study of the most used textbooks on astrophysics and how they treated important concepts such as double layers, critical velocity, pinch effect and circuits. He found that "students using these textbooks remain essentially ignorant of even the existence of these concepts, despite the fact that some of them have been known for half a century (e.g., double layers, Langmuir, 1929; pinch effect, Bennet, 1934). [Make that three quarters of a century now.] The conclusion is that astrophysics is too important to be left in the hands of astrophysicists who have gotten their main knowledge from these textbooks. Earthbound and space telescope data must be treated by scientists who are familiar with laboratory and magnetospheric physics and circuit theory, and of course with modern plasma theory."

The solar plasma and that of interstellar space are two different plasmas, which must therefore have a "double layer" or Langmuir plasma sheath between them. So to treat the heliospheric boundary simply as a magnetohydrodynamic shock problem is naïve. A second hypothesis to be considered when looking at the data from Voyager 1 is that the spacecraft is entering the Sun's plasma sheath, which is protecting it and the planets from the interstellar environment. There is a very important reason for submitting this second hypothesis to rigorous tests. It is crucial to the electric Sun model. If the Sun is the local focus of a galactic discharge then the heliospheric double layer forms the "virtual cathode" to the Sun's corona discharge current. Almost the entire voltage drop between the Sun and the interstellar plasma will occur across this distant plasma sheath.

Already we have strong evidence that the solar plasma conforms to the expectations of this model. It is the only model that can explain the strange constant deceleration of Pioneer 10 as it moved away from the Sun. See Mystery Solved. It is the only model that can explain the continued acceleration of the solar wind out among the planets. It is the only model that naturally requires a hot corona above a cool surface of the Sun. And there is much more.

What things should we be looking for from Voyager 1? A double layer forms part of an electric circuit. It carries current and has regions of positive and negative charge density between which is a strong electric field. Alfvén notes some important properties of a double layer:
1. it very often, perhaps always, produces noise and fluctuations. The noise production is often associated with strong currents through plasmas.
2. it broadens the energy spectrum of electrons.
3. the noise is often incorrectly called 'turbulence.' It is such an important property of plasmas that theories which do not take it into consideration run some risk of being irrelevant.

Item 3 is important because astrophysicists believe they are dealing with mechanical shock turbulence at the termination shock boundary. Indeed, outside the termination shock, Voyager 1 saw that cosmic rays were coming from all over rather than from specific directions. Inevitably it was attributed to shock turbulence.

What has Voyager 1 found in its new environment?

From the report in Science:

1. "All the observations support a shock crossing. The magnetic field strength increased as a result of the compression at the shock, and there was a change in the properties of the turbulence; there were plasma waves characteristic of shock crossings; and the intensity of low-energy particles increased abruptly.

2. It was the finding that anomalous cosmic rays (ACR's) were unaffected by the termination shock that was the biggest surprise. ACR's are thought to be produced by neutral atoms in interstellar space that
— leak into the heliosphere;
— get ionized by solar UV radiation or charge exchange with the solar wind;
— are picked up by the solar wind and convected back to the outer heliosphere;
— are accelerated by the solar wind termination shock; and
— diffuse and drift into the inner heliosphere as cosmic rays.

[...]

The surprise concerning ACR's is of cosmological importance because it throws into question the model of mechanical shock acceleration of cosmic ray particles. Commonsense suggests that electrical particle acceleration in a double layer is far more effective.

[...]

[image]

>> Diagram showing the important electrical features of a glow discharge aligned with the heliosphere and with the Sun as the anode. Note that in a spherically symmetrical corona discharge the cathode glows and extensive positive column glow are absent because the drift current is spread through a huge volume. The heliosphere boundary is a double layer with charge concentrations shown. A reverse electric field is strongest at the point of inflection between the two charge concentrations.
Discharge diagram from J. D. Cobine's Gaseous Conductors.

It is easy to see that we have within the solar plasma sheath a weak but constant electric field that accelerates solar protons away from the Sun in the form of the solar wind and causes electrons to drift toward the Sun (and causes negatively charged spacecraft, like Pioneer 10, to accelerate anomalously backwards toward the Sun). The overall result of the charge drifts in opposite directions is the current that lights the Sun. Throughout almost the entire volume of the heliosphere the solar plasma is quasi-neutral. That is, sampling will reveal equal numbers of positive ions and electrons in the solar "wind." The solar plasma forms the conducting medium between the cathode region at the heliospheric boundary and the anode region near the Sun. When we get to the solar double layer, or plasma sheath, we see that the electric field reverses and solar wind protons are decelerated and bunch up. This will give the impression that we have reached the hypothetical termination shock. At the same time, ACR particles are accelerated from further out. This seems to fit with the Voyager 1 observations. It does not require a mechanical shock. The powerful electrical force dwarfs mechanical forces.

However, the most interesting effects may be found on the outer side of the solar plasma sheath where we should see a powerful electric field that has been estimated to accelerate solar wind protons away from the Sun at cosmic ray energies of the order of 10 billion electron volts. All stars generate cosmic rays in this way with energies that reflect the driving voltage of the star.

At the same time, electrons accelerated inward from interstellar space toward the solar sheath should provide the energy necessary to ionize neutral interstellar gas drifting through the solar plasma sheath. Depending upon the charge on the spacecraft, Voyager 1 itself should experience anomalous accelerations.
(Comets Impact Cosmology)
http://www.holoscience.com/news.php?article=uf4ty065
In classic '"Back to the Future"' style, Ralph Juergens proposed in the 1970''s that the Sun was the anode focus of a glow, or corona discharge. It simply requires the Sun to be a body positively charged relative to its galactic environment. Welcome back to the nineteenth century!

Juergens wrote: "Transmission lines carrying high-voltage direct current - electric trolley wires, for example - discharge almost continuously to the surrounding air. In the case of a positive (anode) wire electrons ever present in the Earth's atmosphere drift toward the wire, attracted by its positive charge. As they penetrate the increasingly intense electric field close to the wire, the electrons gain energy from the field and are accelerated to energies great enough to initiate electron avalanches as they collide with and ionize air molecules. The avalanching electrons, in turn, intensify the ionization immediately surrounding the wire. Positive ions, formed in the process, drift away from the wire in the electric field. In this way, a more or less steady discharge is maintained, although there is no tangible object other than the surrounding air that can be considered a cathode."
Electric Discharge As The Source Of Solar Radiant Energy, KRONOS Vol 8 No. 1, Fall 1982.

In the second instalment (KRONOS Vol 8 No. 2.), Juergens wrote: "the postulated discharge – though focused on a central solar anode - would appear to embrace a vast region of space, most of it devoted to cathode mechanisms. The solar corona, and its extension through interplanetary space and beyond, finds an analog in the "negative glow" region of a glow discharge. The chromosphere we shall interpret as the inner limit of this negative glow. Only the photosphere, at the inner limit of the vast discharge cavity, will be assigned an anode function in this model."

[Image]

>> Diagram showing the important features of a glow discharge. Note that in a spherically symmetrical corona discharge the cathode glows are absent because the energy is spread through a huge volume. On the other hand the anode, because of its small size relative to the entire heliosphere, is likely to be stressed and exhibit complex discharge phenomena to relieve that stress. The Sun exhibits the features of a stressed anode. Top diagram from J. D. Cobine, Gaseous Conductors, p. 213

The 'negative glow' region can be seen to have a strong electric field. People objected to Juergens'' model because we don''t find relativistic electrons, accelerated by a strong radial field in interplanetary space, rushing toward the Sun. But plasma phenomena in a glow discharge are complex, so appeals to simplistic models based on electrostatics are irrelevant. Instead, I propose that Juergens' model be modified and that interplanetary space is the extensive 'positive column' region of a glow discharge. Cobine writes, "The positive column is a region of almost equal concentrations of positive ions and electrons and is characterized by a very low voltage gradient." This model, with planets orbiting within the anode discharge of a star, is of extreme importance when considering life on other planets.

The most important feature of the positive column region of a glow discharge is that the plasma is quasi-neutral. That is, sampling will reveal equal numbers of positive ions and electrons. And that is what we find in the solar 'wind.' It merely forms the conducting plasma medium between the cathode region at the heliospheric boundary and the anode region near the Sun. So looking for excess relativistic electrons rushing toward the Sun is no more sensible than looking at a current-carrying wire and asking where are all the excess electrons rushing from one end of the wire to the other.

The next most important feature of the positive column region of a spherical glow discharge is that throughout most of its volume the plasma maintains a weak but constant radial electric field. That field is what accelerates protons from the Sun to produce the solar 'wind' and it assists the drift of electrons to the Sun. That field also creates a mystery for astrophysicists in their discovery of the small but constant radial deceleration of spacecraft that are moving in the solar plasma. The discovery of that deceleration was a striking confirmation of this glow discharge model of the Sun.
(A Mystery Solved - Welcome to the Electric Universe!)
http://www.holoscience.com/news/mystery_solved.html
As Juergens argued, within our solar system the Sun bears all of the hallmarks of a small spherical anode in a galactic discharge. The planets occupy a vast region within the heliosphere, known in gas discharge theory as the positive column, which has a weak electric field centered on the Sun. Unlike the thin neon tube, the Sun occupies a vast sphere more than 16 billion miles across, so the positive column disappears and the current is carried throughout that volume by a low density of ionization. It requires only that the Sun’s electric field has sufficient strength to cause a drift of electrons toward the Sun, superimposed on their random thermal motion. In other words, it is immeasurably small. Notice that the net charge density in the positive column is zero. In other words, there are an equal number of negative and positive charges in interplanetary space. That is what spacecraft have generally found.

The regions of high electric field are close to the anode and cathode. In the Sun’s case, being the anode, it is in the corona, where electrons are accelerated toward the Sun, causing the apparent million-degree temperatures there, and the protons are accelerated away from the Sun–to form the solar “wind.” The continued acceleration of the positive particles in the solar wind beyond the orbits of Mercury and Venus is a natural consequence of the same weak electric field that slows down the negatively charged spacecraft. The cool photosphere beneath a “hot” corona is, for the first time, understandable if the Sun’s energy is delivered externally.

Of course, the Sun does not have an identifiable cathode in space like the metal cathode in the glow discharge tube. Instead, the plasma in space forms a bubble, known as a “virtual cathode.” Effectively it is the heliopause. In plasma terms, the heliopause is not a result of mechanical shock but is a Langmuir plasma sheath that forms between two plasmas of different charge densities and energies. In this case it forms the boundary between the Sun’s plasma and that of the galaxy. Such “bubbles” are seen at all scales, from the comas of comets to the ‘magnetospheres’ of planets and stars. To the plasma engineer they show that the central body is electrically charged relative to its surroundings.
Anyway, good times!

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"The purpose of science is to investigate the unexplained, not to explain the uninvestigated." ~Dr. Stephen Rorke
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Re: Charge Exchange at the Edge of the Heliosphere?

Unread post by StevenO » Mon Jul 07, 2008 2:57 pm

That is what I would call a "second order" neutrino. A particle consisting of 8 neutrinos. I bet NASA will find only two or four types of them since they only measure one small part of the heliosphere. These particles cause the dents in the heliosphere like a golfball pattern.

Actually I figure there can be 18 kinds of these but the othre 10 are hard to detect since you find them only in 8 specific corners. These different configurations will cause some irregular rippling of the heliosphere edges. More indirectly these second order neutrinos will drive comet movements as a Lorentz attractor path and determine the Nautilus shell shape of the Sun's magnetic field. That is how our galaxy powers the rotation of the sun. A gearing system between the edge of the heliosphere and the momentum/magnetic fields of the galaxy arms.

Similar things must happen between the magnetic field of the sun and the magnetic field of the planets.
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What are "charged" electrons?

Unread post by FS3 » Mon Jul 07, 2008 5:21 pm

Uhhmm - just wondering what they are writing at spacedaily.com...
MGmirkin wrote:...
"The suprathermal electron sensors were designed to detect charged electrons, which fluctuate in intensity depending on the magnetic field," said lead author Linghua Wang, a graduate student in UC Berkeley's Department of Physics. "We were surprised that these particle intensities didn't depend on the magnetic field, which meant they must be neutral atoms."
M'kay...
Did they mean perhaps energetically accelerated electrons? As it wouldn't make much sense - as an electron has always a negative charge - and can't morph into a "neutral atom".

Or is this again some new kind of science?
;-)
FS3

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Re: Charge Exchange at the Edge of the Heliosphere?

Unread post by MGmirkin » Mon Jul 07, 2008 6:13 pm

Better recharge them electrons before they go dead on ya'!

I think they mean either the particle speeds, or the current flow by "intensity." As opposed to a far more intense individual electron... ;)

But what do I know, I just live here. :P *Kidding*

~Michael Gmirkin
"The purpose of science is to investigate the unexplained, not to explain the uninvestigated." ~Dr. Stephen Rorke
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Re: What are "charged" electrons?

Unread post by StevenO » Mon Jul 07, 2008 7:17 pm

FS3 wrote:Uhhmm - just wondering what they are writing at spacedaily.com...
MGmirkin wrote:...
"The suprathermal electron sensors were designed to detect charged electrons, which fluctuate in intensity depending on the magnetic field," said lead author Linghua Wang, a graduate student in UC Berkeley's Department of Physics. "We were surprised that these particle intensities didn't depend on the magnetic field, which meant they must be neutral atoms."
M'kay...
Did they mean perhaps energetically accelerated electrons? As it wouldn't make much sense - as an electron has always a negative charge - and can't morph into a "neutral atom".

Or is this again some new kind of science?
;-)
Mike, I'm afraid you don't understand. The mass of the electron is linked to it's charge, like Einstein already showed.

You have to understand everything in our universe is recursively point symmetrical. So the heliosphere acts as a focal point for the sun, which gets reflected through the earth magnetosphere, ionosphere, etc, until you reach an electron.

So, the exit of these spacecraft is linked to innumerable vortices moving outward and inward from the point of their launch up to their exit to the heliosphere. They are causing the ripples in the heliosphere themselves and are probably responsible for the climate change with a force that is proportional with E=mc^2, where m=the total mass of the spacecrafts.

Which brings me to the next step.

The Large Hadron Collider

We will use it to blow ourselves into oblivion. Each time we are going to beat that "Higgs particle" we will strike every electron in our universe and create that black hole that we are so afraid of.

See where our foolishness got us. "God particle" indeed. It's too late now.

That is why the climate has started to change since 51 years ago (first use of particle accelerators).
That is why we had the catastrophe 1536 years ago, prepare for next year to look like that catastrophe.
That is also how we killed the dinosaurs.
...
.
..
....
But don't be afraid. We never die, we just turn into beings of light and live in eternal peace.
Until the process repeats.
First, God decided he was lonely. Then it got out of hand. Now we have this mess called life...
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Re: Charge Exchange at the Edge of the Heliosphere?

Unread post by amzirak » Mon Jul 07, 2008 11:09 pm

:roll:
:?

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Re: Charge Exchange at the Edge of the Heliosphere?

Unread post by StevenO » Mon Jul 07, 2008 11:54 pm

amzirak wrote::roll:
:?
I'm really sorry. Suffered from catastrophical thinking since there is always a class of solutions that remains invisible (like neutrino's, black holes, dark matter, electric charge and invisibly travelling photons).

Based on that I predict:

- The spacecrafts will almost find nothing once they have passed the solar system boundary except many
cosmic rays and some other vague hints of fractal construction. If we are lucky they might find the real
trajectory of our comets, which is a lorentz attractor and not an Oort cloud.
- The LHC collider will find nothing but its own mess, though it will spawn even more theories about
black holes connect by invisible ropes inside everything (even inside electrons, like I did :)
- There will be a major impact event in 2012, but we can only calculate that if we find the solution
to the square of the circle, which would also solve 6 of the 7 Millenium problems and a corollary
for the 7th one
First, God decided he was lonely. Then it got out of hand. Now we have this mess called life...
The past is out of date. Start living your future. Align with your dreams. Now execute.

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rduke
Posts: 87
Joined: Mon Mar 17, 2008 5:48 pm

Re: Charge Exchange at the Edge of the Heliosphere?

Unread post by rduke » Tue Jul 08, 2008 2:39 am

:D

Steve-O..

You may want to include an image like the following when you lay it on so thickly...

Image

Some may think you have lost your mind...

:? ;)


----


Back to the task...

How possible is it that Voyagers eventually begin a journey back home one day?

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StevenO
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Joined: Tue Apr 01, 2008 11:08 pm

Re: Charge Exchange at the Edge of the Heliosphere?

Unread post by StevenO » Tue Jul 08, 2008 3:46 am

rduke wrote::D

Steve-O..

You may want to include an image like the following when you lay it on so thickly...

Some may think you have lost your mind...

:? ;)

----
Back to the task...

How possible is it that Voyagers eventually begin a journey back home one day?
Yeah...thanks for putting my feet back on the ground. Kind of lost it. Probably too much Yin :oops: :oops:

But I did solve that "square of the circle" problem and probably try one of the Millenium prices, although I have little hope it will be accepted.

And as for the meteorite, I did find a lot of clues that I;ll gladly offer for review. Should be more of a reciprocal Tungaska event than armageddon though.

About the Voyagers. I think we really miss the application of the "Lorentz attractor" in most of cosmology, so I would hope for clues that would explain the mutual rotations of heavenly bodies. The "gearing system" so to say.
First, God decided he was lonely. Then it got out of hand. Now we have this mess called life...
The past is out of date. Start living your future. Align with your dreams. Now execute.

BullSchmutz
Posts: 22
Joined: Tue Apr 29, 2008 8:19 am

Re: Charge Exchange at the Edge of the Heliosphere?

Unread post by BullSchmutz » Tue Jul 08, 2008 6:03 am

I like the part where we get to kill the dinosaurs. What a couch you could make from those dudes.

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MGmirkin
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Re: What are "charged" electrons?

Unread post by MGmirkin » Tue Jul 08, 2008 12:26 pm

StevenO wrote:Mike, I'm afraid you don't understand. The mass of the electron is linked to it's charge, like Einstein already showed.
Mmm... Einstein's E=MC^2 relates mass to energy (conversion back & forth, etc.). Don't know that charge and energy are the same thing, tho'. Or was there some other bit that specifically relates charge and mass?

Cheers,
~Michael
"The purpose of science is to investigate the unexplained, not to explain the uninvestigated." ~Dr. Stephen Rorke
"For every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD." ~Gibson's law

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MGmirkin
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Re: Charge Exchange at the Edge of the Heliosphere?

Unread post by MGmirkin » Tue Jul 08, 2008 12:32 pm

rduke wrote:Steve-O..

You may want to include an image like the following when you lay it on so thickly...

...

Some may think you have lost your mind...
Erm, yes... If sarcasm is intended, please, some kind of indicator.

;) & :D or :o & :twisted:

Work rather well toward that end. Sans indicator, some might think, well, you get the idea... :P

~Michael Gmirkin
"The purpose of science is to investigate the unexplained, not to explain the uninvestigated." ~Dr. Stephen Rorke
"For every PhD there is an equal and opposite PhD." ~Gibson's law

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