you'll need your sunnies.
I think they are not going to bite, since a plasma is always a 'gas' off course...junglelord wrote:I identify the mystery object as not being made of gas at all, not in the least. But what we do see is a bright plasmoid. A plasma state, not a gas state, is the proper phase identification of the object in question. The inability to use proper terminology is a gross oversite, and in scientific terms, is absolutly incorrect.
How much do I win?
Maybe you will win a limited edition mounted black and white photograph of a Black Hole with an "authenticity" certificate included.junglelord wrote:I identify the mystery object as not being made of gas at all, not in the least. But what we do see is a bright plasmoid. A plasma state, not a gas state, is the proper phase identification of the object in question....
How much do I win?
I found the paper fascinatingly compellingAlmost all or all the phenomena that I know about seem to be plasmoid phenomena. Substance seems to be a plasmoid phenomena because galaxies are plasmoids and substance converts to other kinds of plasmoid phenomena, light, and electricity(3). Micrometer-sized plasmoid phenomena has been reported to be the locus of neutron emission(4,5), and ball lightning-like(6) phenomena has been associated with neutron production also. Like other plasmoids, atoms may clump and divide and dissipate so that new substances, elements and isotopes are produced. It seems that plasmoid phenomena are the same though the size varies. For example, galaxies seem to convert to jets, beams, and electrical currents in the middle, and this seems to be similar to the jets, beams, and electrical discharges from ball lightning, the beams and electrical discharges from micrometer-sized plasmoids, the beams from discharge devices reported by Savvatimova and Karabut et al., and the beam that a plasmoid emitted on an electrode that Matsumoto showed(7). I think that EVs(5), ball lightning, plasmoids, tornadoes and galaxies are similar phenomena since the behave similarly(8)....
Most if not all other anomalous phenomena that I know about can be described as plasmoid phenomena. For example, superconductivity seems to be similar to the phenomena of ball lightning traveling though materials such as ceramics and glass without leaving holes or visible effects, yet ball lightning may convert to an electrical surge after touching a wire or it may convert to a bolt of lightning. Also, sonoluminescence and "cavitation" seems to be a phenomena of the water converting to light and perhaps electricity, and to other atoms and bigger micrometer-sized plasmoids. The pits and the localized melting seem to be plasmoid and discharge effects. The vortex phenomena photographed by Stringham and George are plasmoid phenomena.
I agree, the paper covers plasmoids in a way that I found interesting."I found the paper fascinatingly compelling
Adopting a rational standpoint vis-a-vis these descriptions must include consideration that the boundary between literal/figurative language cannot have been the same then as it for us today - the type of considerations pertinent to an EU interpretation of the polar Tree of Life myths. The "rain of toads and snakes" I have privately conjectured to refer directly to plasmoids.As it happens, in the 1340s there was a veritable rash of earthquakes. In Rosemary Horrox's book, The Black Death, quoted by Baillie, we find that a contemporary writer in Padua reported that not only was there a great earthquake on 25 January 1348, but it was at the twenty-third hour.
In the thirty-first year of Emperoro Lewis, around the feast of the Conversion of St. Paul (25 January) there was an earthquake throughout Carinthia and Carniola which was so severe that everyone feared for their lives. There were repeated shocks, and on one night the earth shook 20 times. Sixteen cities were destroyed and their inhabitants killed.... Thirty-six mountain fortresses and their in habitants were destroyed and it was calculated that more than 40,000 men were swallowed up or overwhelmed.
(The author goes on to say that he received information from "a letter of the house of Friesach to the provincial prior of Germany):
It says in the same letter that in this year [1348] fire falling from heaven consumed the land of the Turks for 16 days; that for a few days it rained toads and snakes, by which many men were killed: that a pestilence has gathered strength in many parts of the world. (Horrox)
From Samuel Cohn's book:
... a dragon at Jerusalem like that of Saint George that devoured all that crossed its path .... A city of 40,000 ... totally demolished by the fall from heaven of a great quantity of worms, big as a fist with eight legs, which killed all by their stench and poisonous vapours. (Cohn)
Could this be the mechanism causing some of incandescent effects observed in the tornado funnel of that 1955 report (and similar reports not attributable directly to short-lived lightning)? I think experimental investigation into the possible presence of phosphurus in tornados could answer that.It was known from early times that the glow [of phosphorus] would persist for a time in a stoppered jar but then cease. Robert Boyle in the 1680s ascribed it to "debilitation" of the air; in fact, it is oxygen being consumed. By the 18th century, it was known that in pure oxygen, phosphorus does not glow at all;[4] there is only a range of partial pressure at which it does. Heat can be applied to drive the reaction at higher pressures.[5]
In 1974, the glow was explained by R. J. van Zee and A. U. Khan.[6] A reaction with oxygen takes place at the surface of the solid (or liquid) phosphorus, forming the short-lived molecules HPO and P2O2 that both emit visible light. The reaction is slow and only very little of the intermediates is required to produce the luminescence, hence the extended time the glow continues in a stoppered jar.
I'm not so sure about how people would react in the face of atmospheric anomalies. In Peru Sept 2007 a fireball/meteoritehyper.real wrote:I was reading this paper, and stopped at the mention of the 1955 observer's report of a smell of burnt sulphur in the vicinity of the tornado.
........It says in the same letter that in this year [1348] fire falling from heaven consumed the land of the Turks for 16 days; that for a few days it rained toads and snakes, by which many men were killed: that a pestilence has gathered strength in many parts of the world. (Horrox)
The occurrence of sulphur in both subjective and objective accounts of electrical and/or plasma action I understand as related to the conversion of oxygen to sulphur, both being in the same group in the periodic table. The question I have asked myself over the Black Death flowing from the conjecture, is how a medieval population could succumb to a localized occurrence of (presumably) SO2 of atmospheric origin - would people not instinctively run away? Would it not be rapidly dispersed? And, specifically, if the cause was directly the plasmoids, would they not have succeeded in saving themselves? Yet they didn't, and indeed, suffered effects that were contagious to others, fatally so.
I understand why you might suspect the presence of phosphorus in tornadoes, but to me, the presence of phosphorus would take a bit of explaining because it does not exist in a free state - so how does it get there? What chemical reactions preceded the tornado event?Could this be the mechanism causing some of incandescent effects observed in the tornado funnel of that 1955 report (and similar reports not attributable directly to short-lived lightning)? I think experimental investigation into the possible presence of phosphurus in tornados could answer that.
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