D_Archer wrote:Very interesting to think about, i do not have an answer really.
I did find this picture interesting, the moon seen in gamma ray energy levels:
What does it mean for the Sun.....
Regards,
Daniel
The flux of cosmic rays falls off rapidly as the cosmic ray energy increases. For 1 GeV particles, the rate is about 10,000 per square meter per second. At 1000 GeV (or 1012 eV), the rate is only 1 particle per square meter per second.
D_Archer wrote:Very interesting to think about, i do not have an answer really.
I did find this picture interesting, the moon seen in gamma ray energy levels:
What does it mean for the Sun.....
Regards,
Daniel
This conclusion is not warranted as Voyager 1 has detected a net negative flow coming into the solar system from interstellar space.Cosmic rays demonstrate the fact that there is a net positive flow of charged ions flowing through our solar system and into the sun 24/7,
At the same time, Voyager has detected a 100-fold increase in the intensity of high-energy electrons from elsewhere in the galaxy diffusing into our solar system from outside, which is another indication of the approaching boundary.
nick c wrote:This conclusion is not warranted as Voyager 1 has detected a net negative flow coming into the solar system from interstellar space.Cosmic rays demonstrate the fact that there is a net positive flow of charged ions flowing through our solar system and into the sun 24/7,
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-372At the same time, Voyager has detected a 100-fold increase in the intensity of high-energy electrons from elsewhere in the galaxy diffusing into our solar system from outside, which is another indication of the approaching boundary.
Michael Mozina wrote:I really don't understand how I could have scientifically overlooked cosmic rays as a source of external current and external kinetic energy flowing into the planets and into the solar atmosphere for so long.
The magnetic field of the Solar corona is difficult to measure directly. However, indirect observations of the solar corona are possible using the deficit in flux of cosmic rays coming from the direction of the Sun. Low-energy cosmic rays (~GeV) are deflected by the inner magnetic field of the Sun and the interplanetary magnetic field frozen into the solar wind. In contrast, high-energy cosmic rays (~TeV and above) are absorbed in the Sun's photosphere producing a shadow in the Sun's nominal position viewed from Earth. Several ground-based instruments have observed the effects of the heliospheric magnetic field on the size of the sun shadow and its position. The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC) is an air shower array located in the central region of Mexico that observes TeV cosmic rays at a rate of about 15 kHz. in this work, we present preliminary images of the sun shadow from data collected by HAWC during 2013 and 2014 for different energy ranges.- The Galactic cosmic-ray Sun shadow observed by HAWC: O. Enriquez, A. Lara, for the HAWC Collaboration
kodybatill wrote:The flow into our Solar System is truly both positive and negative ...
Electricity is more than just electrons
"Electricity" is not made of electrons (or to be more specific, Electric Charge, which is sometimes called "Quantity of Electricity," is not made of electrons.) Charge actually comes in two varieties: positive particles and negative. In the everyday world of electronics, these particles are the electrons and protons supplied by atoms in conductors.
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Because the negative particles carry a name that sounds like "electricity," some beginners unfortunately start thinking that the electrons ARE the electricity, and they wrongly imagining that the protons (having a much less electrical name?) are not electrical. A few text and reference books even outright state this, saying that electricity is composed of electrons. Nope, wrong. In reality the electrons and protons carry electric charges of equal strength. If electrons are "electricity", then protons are "electricity" too.
Now everyone will rightly tell me that the protons within wires cannot flow, while the electrons can. Yes, this is true... but only true for metals. And it's only true for solid metals. All metals are composed of positively charged atoms immersed in a sea of movable electrons. When an electric current is created within a solid copper wire, the "electron sea" moves forward, but the protons within the positive atoms of copper do not.
However, solid metals are not the only conductors, and in many other substances the positive atoms *do* move, and they *do* participate in the electric current. These various conductors are nothing exotic. They are very common, they all around us …
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Our own nervous system is based on the two-way currents. We dare not think that a current in a metal wire is "real," while currents in human flesh somehow are not. - William Beaty: Which way does the "Electricity" really Flow?
Resonant circuits exhibit ringing and can generate higher voltages and currents than are fed into them." - Wiki
nick c wrote:This conclusion is not warranted as Voyager 1 has detected a net negative flow coming into the solar system from interstellar space.Cosmic rays demonstrate the fact that there is a net positive flow of charged ions flowing through our solar system and into the sun 24/7,
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-372At the same time, Voyager has detected a 100-fold increase in the intensity of high-energy electrons from elsewhere in the galaxy diffusing into our solar system from outside, which is another indication of the approaching boundary.
Michael Mozina wrote:
... electric charge transfer mechanism [s]
seasmith wrote:Michael Mozina wrote:
... electric charge transfer mechanism [s]
That Is the key, isn't it ?
`
Solar wrote:Hot Spots *might* indicate filamentary interaction on the one hand, whereas "air showers" might indicate radial, or wider spread (CR "breakdown"), activity on the other. The anticorrelation of CR modulation activity has also been associated with Coronal Holes during data coalesced over the last solar cycle. One has to wonder if CR absorption in the Sun presents the Solar version of "air showers" by inducing coronal holes. Nonetheless at Earth, filaments have been 'noticed near' two Hot Spots. One filament near the Hot Spot in the Northern Hemisphere (Ice Cube), and another filament detected near the Hot Spot far too shy to better concentrate itself in the Southern Hemisphere (Auger Observatory). *No direct correlations though*.
In the subsection section titled "Getting Hotter" this Quanta Magazine article barely mentions the two hotspots and the two respective filaments observed.
The potential exist that one day CR activity might be one of the tools of Messenger Astronomy. Despite a variety of naming conventions Astrophysics is trying to correlate the dynamics of larger scale Cosmic activities which might reveal the circuital relationships ("dark matter filaments") between Sun and Milky Way, then Milky Way and other galaxies, then onward towards galaxies and their clusters. Although this relationship is already known to exist progress is slow; yet speedy. That’s not something to miss out on. It could happen in one's lifetime at a moments notice.
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