"Anode Tufts"

Plasma and electricity in space. Failure of gravity-only cosmology. Exposing the myths of dark matter, dark energy, black holes, neutron stars, and other mathematical constructs. The electric model of stars. Predictions and confirmations of the electric comet.

Moderators: MGmirkin, bboyer

Locked
User avatar
Solar
Posts: 1372
Joined: Mon Mar 17, 2008 3:05 am

"Anode Tufts"

Unread post by Solar » Sat May 06, 2017 8:53 am

During his 2015 Safire team Update Dr. Lowell Morgan shares some interesting points regarding the physics of plasma in that experiment:

“’Tufts’ appear at high current densities”: In the linked video Jump to the three minutes of coverage at approx. 15:24 – 18:26 where this plasma electrodynamic feature is showcased. Note that it is described as having only two “serious papers published on it; one in 1930 and one in 1940. It was first observed around 1909-1910. – but nobody’s done any work on it since.”

Unofficial Transcript:
“The tuft is actually flowing on hydrogen that’s been absorbed into the iron of the anode; and then as it [the absorbed hydrogen] heats up comes back out again - so that the tuft is not actually connected to the anode. There’s this layer of hydrogen underneath. But then, the tuft forms and there is a strong positive ion current going up [“up” meaning away from the anode] …and because the current is going that way electric fields form and magnetic fields that go around it so that with all of those fields the tufts tend to be equally spaced.” So, if one moves, because it runs into a hot spot on the anode then all the others move. And that’s why they rotate…

They form because, we can see it as we change the pressure of the hydrogen, at some point the current gets to be too large for the anode to deal with as just a sphere – so it forms these things. It basically gives a greater surface area and a more efficient means of absorbing the electron current that’s coming into it.

There are a lot of interesting things that can be looked at here considering [that] it’s been pushing 80 years since anyone looked into it.“ Dr Lowel Morgan: The Physics of Plasmas | EU2015
“Anode tufts” (“tufts” in general) as relates plasma electrodynamics might seem to be an unusual term. It is actually quite old and *appears* to have stemmed from the early days of Electrical Engineering experiments. Here is the earliest use of this phrase that I could find:
“A.C. and D.C. Corona – When alternating voltage higher than the critical voltage is applied between two parallel polished wires, the glow is quite even as shown in Fig.23. After operation for a short time reddish beads or tufts form along the wire, while around the surface of the wire there is a bluish-white glow. If the conductors are examined through a stroboscope, so that one wire is always seen when at the positive half of the wave it is noticed that the reddish tufts or beads are formed when the conductor is negative and the smoother bluish-white glow when the conductor is positive. (See Fig 24)” – Dielectric Phenomena in High Voltage Engineering F. W. Peek pg. 38-39 of the 1920 Edition
Note the interesting use of a Stroboscope on the plasma activities along a wire back then. Also, a fairly recent doc exist on the subject behind pay wall: Anode tufting, arc faulting and plasma nonuniformity in ion sources: 2007 - R. Jones

As a side note have a look at Wal Thornhill’s use of the concept as a possible explanation for one of the Sun’s features:
Why is the Sun covered in bright ‘granules?’

In his seminal papers of the 1970’s on the Electric Sun, Ralph Juergens noted the possible identity of solar granules with something that the pioneering plasma physicist, Irving Langmuir, termed ‘anode tufts.’ Anode tufts are small, bright, secondary plasmas that form above an anode that is otherwise too small to handle the current flow into it. In his experiments, Langmuir reported the tufts as small bright spheres moving above the anode surface. It seems possible that in the stratified atmosphere of the Sun those bright discharges rather take the distinct form of the charge sheath vortex.

The granules are bright because the gases inside the charge sheath vortex have been heated by compression and radiation from the walls of the vortex. Those hot gases fountain out of the tops of the vortexes to form the granules. Also, lightning in some form will deliver power to the top of the granule, creating unresolved bright spots. Above the granules the ions recombine with electrons to form neutral gas, which absorbs light. The gas would be constrained to flow down between the granules, its motion modified by collisions with ions moving under electromagnetic influences.

This may create the dark ‘canals’, which have the branched pattern of electric discharges. There would be a powerful influence from the strong electric fields of the plasma sheaths (double-layers) of the anode tufts. Varying levels of lightning activity above each granule could explain the observed variation in brightness of solar granules. It is noteworthy that large faint granules have never been seen. They would not be expected on this model. – Holoscience: Sunspot Mysteries
And:
It is clear from the behavior of its relatively cool photosphere that the Sun is an anode, or positively charged electrode, in a galactic discharge. The red chromosphere is the counterpart to the glow above the anode surface in a discharge tube. When the current density is too high for the anode surface to accommodate, a bright secondary plasma forms within the primary plasma. It is termed “anode tufting.” On the Sun, the tufts are packed together tightly so that their tops give the appearance of “granulation.” – Holoscience: Twinkle, twinkle electric star
In addition, this approach appears to have come from Ralph Jergens. The following linked document uses the term “tufts” quite regularly, sometimes with attributions to Irving Langmuir’s pioneering work. Only the main proposed idea is being quoted:
If granules are anode tufts that are amenable to tight packing, could we not expect them to merge and form a continuous envelope in which ionization could proceed smoothly… - The Photosphere: Is It the Top or the Bottom of the Phenomenon We Call the Sun? - Ralph E. Juergens 1979
The main idea obviously being the “tight packing” of these “tufts” as an explanation for Solar Granules whereas the standard model considers the granulation dynamic in terms of convection currents (thermal columns, Bénard cells).

Oddly, in the TB video, it seems that the anode tufts want to avoid one another because of the electric and/or magnetic fields surrounding them. As explained, that is why they begin spinning. Eventually they spin fast enough that they merge and form a full on completely spherical double-layer sheath condition – an entire sheath. It would be interesting if the sweet spot (critical value) could be found where the tufts are regularly forming and merging so that continuous “tight packing” could be observed and filmed with high speed photography.

Do excuse the solar granulation diversion. The main point of this post is to show that approximately 80 years of neglect has caused the term “tufts” to seem uniquely associated to the EU when – in fact – it is a very old term as shown via the reference to Dielectric Phenomena in High Voltage Engineering F. W. Peek pg. 38-39 of the 1920 Edition.

That is all.
"Our laws of force tend to be applied in the Newtonian sense in that for every action there is an equal reaction, and yet, in the real world, where many-body gravitational effects or electrodynamic actions prevail, we do not have every action paired with an equal reaction." — Harold Aspden

Webbman
Posts: 533
Joined: Wed Dec 31, 2014 10:49 am

Re: "Anode Tufts"

Unread post by Webbman » Sat May 06, 2017 11:41 am

I'm just throwing this out there..

what if the hydrogen wasn't absorbed into the anode.

would the tufts still show up?
its all lies.

User avatar
comingfrom
Posts: 760
Joined: Mon Jun 29, 2015 9:11 pm
Location: NSW, Australia
Contact:

Re: "Anode Tufts"

Unread post by comingfrom » Sat May 06, 2017 5:29 pm

Thank you, Solar.
The main point of this post is to show that approximately 80 years of neglect has caused the term “tufts” to seem uniquely associated to the EU when – in fact – it is a very old term as shown via the reference to Dielectric Phenomena in High Voltage Engineering F. W. Peek pg. 38-39 of the 1920 Edition.
It is natural that the Electric Universe theorists take their terminology from the electrical sciences.

We have seen the same with the term "Birkeland current". The mainstream is still saying "magnetic rope", "magnetic highway", "flux tube" and similar such terms, but (I think, thanks to the EU theorists) we are seeing the term "Birkeland current" coming into more frequent usage.

One of the more astounding things about EU, for me, is that Ralph Juergens' observation comparing the Sun with plasma effects in electric discharge tubes, an observation which is so plainly obvious, was not received, and still has not become mainstream. When I first read about it, I thought, "it took until Juergans in the 1970s to notice that?".

Surely Juergens was simply the first with enough guts to write it in a paper.
Without understanding its ultimate nature any more than we understand the nature of the gravitational field, we know that the electric field is potentially one of the greatest storehouses of energy in the universe.

Electric discharge offers phenomena so numerous and so diverse that we have little trouble finding analogs for every observable feature of the Sun. Moreover, we need not liken one aspect of the Sun to an arbitrarily chosen discharge phenomenon and then liken another feature of the Sun to another arbitrarily chosen discharge feature; a system of logically and physically related discharge phenomena can be shown to correspond, feature for feature, with the known properties of the solar atmosphere.

This correspondence is so striking that we can only presume that, in all likelihood, it has been noticed before - and repeatedly so. Why, then, has astrophysics avoided calling attention to it?

Electric discharge, for all its attractiveness as a source of cosmic energy, and notwithstanding the spectacular effects it produces in the Earth's atmosphere, requires the establishment and maintenance of electric fields and potentials that are quite inadmissible in the received view of the cosmos, in which isolated stars exist as self-sufficient generators of the energy they radiate.
Electric Discharge as the Source of Solar Radiant Energy (Part I)
~Paul

User avatar
Solar
Posts: 1372
Joined: Mon Mar 17, 2008 3:05 am

Re: "Anode Tufts"

Unread post by Solar » Sun May 07, 2017 12:46 pm

Webbman wrote:I'm just throwing this out there..

what if the hydrogen wasn't absorbed into the anode.

would the tufts still show up?
Member Webbmon that is an AMAZING question. Sharing some thoughts on this:

If the anode tufts could not form and/or rotate due hydrogen depletion one might have a different type of star to contend with. Another implication *might* be that the tufts *might* still continue to form, they might still merge, they might still continue their “tightly packed” configuration but their rotation might only slow down slowing, if not stopping altogether?

It begs the question: Does the entire ‘granulated surface’ of solar granules rotate first as innumerable “tufts”, which then - collectively merge into “Super Granules”. Scaled further up do Supergranules continue the same process as the little ones of merging to then form one ultimate star-wide rotating Mega-granule called the “Photosphere”?

Also: What does astrophysics say is one of the causes of a Supernova? NO MORE HYDROGEN “fuel”! So: the entire Mega-granulated ‘surface’, rotating as ONE gigantic “tuft”, still as a function of current density, would have no place to go but ‘up’ (its natural tendency ‘out and away’) from the anode. An electrically driven, high current density, depleted hydrogen, Supernova that catastrophically drives its Megagranule ‘surface’ outward in the form of a ‘spherical arc discharge’ due to a lack of hydrogen.

It might be interesting if the Safire experiment zapped a “Low Hydrogen” metal sphere.
Low hydrogen electrodes are spec'd out to prevent the addition of hydrogen to welds. The hydrogen molecule is so small that it permeates the metal and then causes cracking when it expands and tries to escape. – Welding tips and Tricks
Is it possible that the Sun’s granulated photosphere might exhibit properties that can be associated to continuous ‘cracking’ of a Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Sun?

And yes, despite its “core collapse” motif, astrophysics does ponder “Supernova and Rotation”.
Solar granulation has its origin in the convectively unstable hydrogen ionization zone which begins about 300km below the visible photosphere. – The Solar Granulation: R. B. Leghton 1963
Our detection simulation studies show that for a nearby supernova (0.2 kpc) we can confirm the lack of core rotation close to 100% of the time, and the presence of core rotation about 90% of the time.- Probing Rotation of Core-collapse Supernova with Concurrent Analysis of Gravitational Waves and Neutrinos: Takaaki Yokozawa1 et al
In the case of non-rotating models, the decrease of the H-abundance at the surface can only result from the uncovering of the other layers by stellar winds. – Effects of Rotation on Pre-supernova Models
Although it’s smothered in the typical verbiage of “winds”, “core collapse”, “core rotation” – or non-rotating, stellar types and all of that - if that’s where you’re going its certainly interesting. The implications of possible slower rotation (of one or more ‘surfaces’) via possible hydrogen depletion etc.*is* an actual thing of consideration in the world of Astrophysics. Would not a lack of rotating tufts, or tufts in general, be one of the implications of depleted hydrogen?

It *seems* that something along this line might be able to occur [electrically] without invoking an increase in current density. Maybe if the hydrogen were not absorbed – only to rise again ensuring the production/rotation of tufts – perhaps the star would be unable to ‘sheath’ itself in granulated tufts, of any scalable size, relative to the existing current density? It seems that the star would have to make some sort of adjustment in this scenario.

What do you think of those speculations?
"Our laws of force tend to be applied in the Newtonian sense in that for every action there is an equal reaction, and yet, in the real world, where many-body gravitational effects or electrodynamic actions prevail, we do not have every action paired with an equal reaction." — Harold Aspden

Webbman
Posts: 533
Joined: Wed Dec 31, 2014 10:49 am

Re: "Anode Tufts"

Unread post by Webbman » Sun May 07, 2017 2:54 pm

if the tufts still showed up despite no hydrogen, it would support my theory that the sun manufactures hydrogen (protons) directly from electromagnetic strands (Aetheric base material) in an extreme electrical environment.

alternately it would invalidate the big bang since any sun could create matter out of seemingly nothing, but the nothing in this case is just electromagnetic radiation literally spun into a dense proton.
its all lies.

User avatar
Solar
Posts: 1372
Joined: Mon Mar 17, 2008 3:05 am

Re: "Anode Tufts"

Unread post by Solar » Sun May 07, 2017 8:01 pm

comingfrom wrote: One of the more astounding things about EU, for me, is that Ralph Juergens' observation comparing the Sun with plasma effects in electric discharge tubes, an observation which is so plainly obvious, was not received, and still has not become mainstream. When I first read about it, I thought, "it took until Juergans in the 1970s to notice that?".

Surely Juergens was simply the first with enough guts to write it in a paper.
~Paul
Member Comingfrom I suppose it is astounding yet, as you may know, prior comparisons had been made between the phenomena of a Crooke's Tube and celestial nebulae in the early 1900's. It appears to be a very slow crawl. However, in today's world, there are appropriate fields of study for these things.

Plasma Astrophysics

Space Plasma Physics

Most times I peruse literature more along those lines as opposed to reading the latest space.com, or "universe today", announcements.

__________

As a sidenote to this thread: There are other features to make note of with regard to the "Cathode/Anode" relationship. Because of its constitution, at least those 'surfaces' that can be resolved and observed over time, the Sun's features are always dynamic; always moving and changing.

Other features that individuals might find interesting are the feature(s) of Cathode/Anode on a steady surface, such as a planet. So, I looked up "Anode Erosion" and/or "Cathode Erosion". Under the subheading "Arc Erosion" the following doc contains a photo (Figure 3), of what appears to be, a common difference between cathode and anode erosion:

Arc Plasma using a Liquid Metal Current-Limiting Device

Another photo (different source)is shown here: Figure 2

If observed on a planetary body Astrophysics would probably label BOTH of these features as "impact craters". The resemblances, if it's just a resemblance, are remarkable. Of the difference between Anode and Cathode erosion one tends to make a 'depression' whereas the other produces a 'mound'. Both can have surrounding areas that appear to have been boiled off or deposited.

That's all.
"Our laws of force tend to be applied in the Newtonian sense in that for every action there is an equal reaction, and yet, in the real world, where many-body gravitational effects or electrodynamic actions prevail, we do not have every action paired with an equal reaction." — Harold Aspden

Locked

Who is online

Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 12 guests