Sonoluminescence, acoustic cavitation, pyroelectric fusion and the ferromagnetic sun
Nuclear Fusion
https://fusion.gat.com/icf/concept/
Fusion is the nuclear reaction that powers the sun and stars. Atoms of light elements such as hydrogen are squeezed together under very high pressure and temperature, and fuse together to form heavier elements such as helium, liberating energy in the process.
Inertial Confinement Fusion
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hb ... inert.html
While magnetic confinement seeks to extend the time that ions spend close to each other in order to facilitate fusion, the inertial confinement strategy seeks to fuse nuclei so fast that they don't have time to move apart. The two approaches to inertial confinement have been laser fusion and ion-beam fusion.
The Z-pinch approach to fusion
http://dorland.pp.ph.ic.ac.uk/magpie/re ... WMAY00.pdf
In a fusion reaction, two light nuclei are squeezed together until they react to form a single heavier nucleus. However, in order to get close enough together to fuse, the nuclei must have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome their mutual electrostatic repulsion. In both stars and the laboratory this is achieved by heating the hydrogen “fuel” until it becomes an ionized gas or plasma with a temperature of 10–100 million degrees. The key to controllable fusion power is to confine this high-temperature plasma for long enough to extract an appreciable amount of energy.
On the Production of Aetheric Stress Waves Utilizing Sound Vibration"
http://keelynet.com/davidson/sound1.htm
The wavelength of sound: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) rattles the nucleus with microwaves and lasers do it with light, but these are all electromagnetic in nature and their wavelengths are on the order of nuclear particles. So, how can sound shake the nucleus in other than as a mass aggregate mode (i.e., the entire block of material) as a sonic resonator? If one examines the wavelengths of sound in various substances one comes to the amazing conclusion that they can be on the order of the nuclear magnetic resonance wavelengths (NMR). NMR is based on the proton spin which produces a small magnetic moment. The thing which makes this so is the fact that the speed of sound is much slower that EM so a relatively low frequency (i.e., compared with microwaves or lightwaves) doesn't travel very far before it has gone through a complete cycle and that distance is on the order of the proton spin resonance frequency. Thus, it is easy to see that sound can also resonate with the atomic level insofar as frequency is concerned.
The nucleus and the aether - It is now fairly well established that the zero point energy (ZPE) is in a wild interchange with the nucleus. The nucleus is directly connected to the aetheric field. The aether is flowing into and out of the nucleus all time. The nucleus has a wonderful little dance going on vibrating and rotating and sucking and shooting out the local adjacent aether.
http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/forum/phpB ... 095#p26773
Energy streams feeding matter again consist of three currents of force coded according to the triple vibratory scheme; where these triple currents meet they form a center of force and are maintained in a state of mutual attraction. This attractive force is gravity. The focal point of this force is defined as a "neutral center".
The total number of possible forms of atomic subdivision from the basic triple stream are found by simple combinatorial mathematics; namely, 1 x 2 x 3 = 6. Within each of these levels were even finer modes of energy vibration. His final energy liberator was able to dissociate 27 levels of matter. Dissociation does not take place until the atom reaches 2/3 of its diameter. This is done by controlling the radiating current (enharmonic (+)
Sonofusion
http://home.fuse.net/clymer/snf/
Sonoluminescence occurs when sonic pressure waves cause the growth and subsequent collapse of microscopic bubbles. Due to the high pressures released during the collapse of the bubbles, energy can be emitted in the form of light, hence sonoluminescence. If the energy is great enough, it is thought that fusion reactions can be initiated, or sonofusion. Sonofusion or bubble cavitation is thought to be more correctly termed acoustic inertial confinement fusion (acoustic ICF).
Acoustic ICF Technology Overview
http://www.impulsedevices.com/location
When hydrogen (or deuterium, also known as heavy hydrogen) is heated to extremely high temperatures, the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms collide and some fuse together, producing helium and a large amount of energy. The reaction yields over a million times more energy than the energy required to separate the hydrogen from water. A small part of the mass is lost when the atoms combine, or fuse, to make helium, and the small loss in mass is converted into large amounts of energy. However, a cost effective fusion technology is challenging because extremely high temperatures and pressures are required for fusion to occur.
FLASHES MIGHT YIELD CLUES ABOUT FUSION - 1991
http://keelynet.com/keely/sonolum1.txt
When sound waves are transmitted through a liquid, they create a trail of microscopic bubbles. As early as 1929, scientists reported that at unpredictable times they would occasionally see mysterious flashes of blue light, called sonoluminescence when the tiny bubbles collapsed.
This split-second concentration of energy in the collapsing bubbles may be producing the temperatures and pressures needed for the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms, the nuclear reaction that powers the sun. If scientists could understand sonoluminescence, they might have clues to new ways to trigger thermonuclear fusion, he suggests.
According to Keely, water could be dissociated to a wide range of products depending on what set of frequencies were applied. In one case, we find mention of what appears to be a plasma since it is termed a "luminiferous" gas. The visible flashes as mentioned in the preceding article confirm Keely's statements regarding the "Luminiferous Aether" he found when applying various sonic harmonies to fluids and gases.
Cavitation refers to small "bubbles" which are produced in liquid mediums subjected to pressure displacements. These bubbles are easily noticed in ultrasonic cleaning tanks containing water or other fluids. When the high intensity ultrasonic waves pound the water in a reciprocal motion, the bubbles form on the return stroke of the wave.
Keely also mentions the specific frequencies of 620, 630 and 12,000 CPS as releasing finer forces (greater pressures) held in bondage in the water molecule. The 620 disrupted the molecule; the 630 disrupted the atoms comprising the molecule and the 12,000 disrupted the inter-atomic structure of those atoms. Modern discoveries have termed the components which comprise the atom as "quarks."
Temperature Inside Collapsing Bubble Four Times That of the Sun
http://www.spacedaily.com/news/stellar- ... y-05h.html
"Nobody has been able to measure the temperature inside a single collapsing bubble before. The temperature we measured - about 20,000 degrees Kelvin - is four times hotter than the surface of our sun."
Sonoluminescence arises from acoustic cavitation - the formation, growth and implosion of small gas bubbles in a liquid blasted with sound waves above 18,000 cycles per second.
Sonoluminescence: How Bubbles Turn Sound into Light
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/ ... d.32.1.445
Sonoluminescence, the transduction of sound into light, is a phenomenon that pushes fluid mechanics beyond its limit. An initial state with long wavelength and low Mach number, such as is realized for a gas bubble driven by an audible sound field, spontaneously focuses the energy density so as to generate supersonic motion and a different phase of matter, from which are then emitted picosecond flashes of broad-band UV light. Although the most rational picture of sonoluminescence involves the creation of a “cold” dense plasma by an imploding shock wave, neither the imploding shock nor the plasma has been directly observed. Attempts to attack sonoluminescence from the perspective of continuum mechanics have led to interesting issues related to bubble shape oscillations, shock shape instabilities, and shock propagation through nonideal media, and chemical hydrodynamics. The limits of energy focusing that can be achieved from collapsing bubbles in the far-off equilibrium motion of fluids have yet to be determined either experimentally or theoretically.
SONOLUMINESCENCE AND ACOUSTIC INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION
http://home.fuse.net/clymer/snf/crum.pdf
Sonoluminescence (SL) is a remarkable consequence of acoustic cavitation: Generating light from sound has an intrinsic appeal that extends beyond that of science. Indeed, many of us are aware of the movie Chain Reaction, in which the forces of evil were attempting to take over the world with their newly discovered knowledge of sonoluminescence.
The central premise for acoustic ICF involves the ability for a bubble to concentrate energy during its collapse. The simplest form of this remarkable energy concentration is found in single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL), in which a single bubble is acoustically levitated in a liquid due to the radiation pressure forces exerted on the bubble. Under the appropriate conditions, these acoustic radiation pressure forces exactly balance the buoyancy forces exerted by gravity and the bubble remains at a fixed position with respect to the container that contains the standing wave sound field. Consequently, this levitated bubble is driven into radial oscillations by the sound field. Again, under certain relatively restricted conditions of acoustic pressure amplitude and frequency, and with a considerable amount of gas removed from the liquid, the bubble gives off a steady glow of light; hence the term sonoluminescence.
PINCHED CAVITATION JETS AND FUSION EVENTS
http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/String ... hedcav.pdf
The collapse of a transient cavitation bubble in deuteriumoxide produces a high density plasma jet containing 109 deuterons. The inertial compression of a jet via an electron induced magnetic field pinch effect on its plasma contents produces high to even higher deuteron densities in the order of 1025 gm/cc before implanting into a foil target. This model is parallel to the systems found in the hot plasmas of inertial systems.
http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/forum/phpB ... 095#p26750
Dwarfs are 'Black stars' in that they have low luminosity. They do emit considerable UV radiation, however. Their primary energy is not thermonuclear, but piezoelectric (ionic energy due to gravitational pressure) (pyroelectric fusion).
Use of Atomic Fuels for Rocket-Powered Launch Vehicles Analyzed.
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/RT1998/5000 ... ewski.html
I have read your article on the Joe cell Orgone accumulator where you describe the three different gases. The third gas, the one that burns with the loudest explosion, may be nascent hydrogen, a.k.a. monatomic hydrogen H1.
It is believed that the energy required to convert H2 into H1 is much lower than the energy released when H1 recombines into H2. It is possible that orgone energy turns H2 into H1 and when ignited releases a tremendous "implosion" (as H1 occupies more room than H2).
Hydrogen Bonding
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/top ... en-bonding
Hydrogen bonding is important in a few crystals, notably in ice. With its lone electron, a hydrogen atom usually forms a single covalent bond with an electronegative atom. In the hydrogen bond the atom is ionized to a proton. The proton sits between two anions and joins them. Hydrogen bonding occurs with only the most electronegative ions: nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine. In water the hydrogen links pairs of oxygen ions. Water is found in many different crystal structures, but they all have the feature that the hydrogen atoms sit between pairs of oxygen.
Metallic hydrogen
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-metallic-hydrogen.htm
Metallic hydrogen is a sort of super-compressed hydrogen found in the cores of gas giants and stars. As hydrogen tops the Periodic Table's alkali metal column, it has been known for a while that it has the potential to be a metal, but only under extreme pressures. Metallic hydrogen is crushed so closely that the atomic nuclei are separated only by a dense electron soup which flows between them. It is significantly less dense than neutronium, however, where the electrons merge together with the protons in hydrogen to make neutrons. Like all metals, metallic hydrogen is conductive and requires an electrical current to measure the presence of metallization.
Although the metallic hydrogen produced at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was solid, it has been theorized that it may be possible to create liquid metallic hydrogen, if even greater pressures, around 4 million atmospheres, are used. Calculations have also determined that metallic hydrogen might be a superconductor at room temperature.
Cold Fusion Rocket Engine
http://www.halfbakery.com/idea/Cold_20F ... t_20Engine
Did you ever hear of "metallic hydrogen" before?
This is an "allotrope" of hydrogen (a unique way in which atoms of just one element can connect to each other, the way ozone is an allotrope of oxygen), and theorists are quite certain that it can exist, especially in places like the interior of Jupiter, although it is difficult to say for sure that any has been created here on Earth (an implosion-squeeze is typically used, which is naturally followed very quickly by sample-destroying explosive expansion).
That process, of trying to create metallic hydrogen, reminds me of a research effort known as "Inertial Confinement Fusion". The idea there is to squeeze the sample of hydrogen (a deuterium/tritium mixture) until it exceeds the kind of temperature and pressure found in the cores of stars, at which point a small nuclear fusion explosion occurs.
Polyatomic allotropes of hydrogen, nuclear fusion
http://www.anl.gov/PCS/acsfuel/preprint ... 0_0639.pdf
The author predicts that polyatomic allotropes of hydrogen such as triatomic deuterium and quadratomic deuterium are formed inside the core of the sun.
The author proposes a chemical bond called "single electron sharing" between two atoms to explain the theoretical existence of a triatomic deuterium molecule, quadratomic deuterium molecule and higher polyatomic hydrogen molecules. This bond that is based on a "single electron sharing" is called "mono-electron bond" or "alpha bond". A hydrogen bond between water molecules is a good example of an alpha bond or mono-electron bond.
The author gives the illustrations of the allotropes of Hydrogen namely, monatomic hydrogen, diatomic hydrogen, triatomic hydrogen and quadratomic hydrogen.
The author's theory of chemical bond of "single electron sharing" called "alpha bond or mono-electron bond" can account the existence of new polyatomic allotropes of Hydrogen (such as D*3, D*4, D*5, etc.).
Pyroelectric fusion
http://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/forum/phpB ... 885#p22882
Pyroelectric fusion refers to the technique of using pyroelectric crystals to generate high strength electrostatic fields to accelerate deuterium ions (tritium might also be used someday) into a metal hydride target also containing deuterium (or tritium) with sufficient kinetic energy to cause these ions to undergo nuclear fusion.
Pyroelectricity
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary. ... ric+effect
Pyroelectricity is the property of certain crystals to produce a state of electric polarity by a change of temperature. Certain dielectric (electrically nonconducting) crystals develop an electric polarization (dipole moment per unit volume) when they are subjected to a uniform temperature change. This pyroelectric effect occurs only in crystals which lack a center of symmetry and also have polar directions (that is, a polar axis). These conditions are fulfilled for 10 of the 32 crystal classes. Typical examples of pyroelectric crystals are tourmaline, lithium sulfate monohydrate, cane sugar, and ferroelectric barium titanate.
Pyroelectric crystals can be regarded as having a built-in or permanent electric polarization. When the crystal is held at constant temperature, this polarization does not manifest itself because it is compensated by free charge carriers that have reached the surface of the crystal by conduction through the crystal and from the surroundings. However, when the temperature of the crystal is raised or lowered, the permanent polarization changes, and this change manifests itself as pyroelectricity.
The magnitude of the pyroelectric effect depends upon whether the thermal expansion of the crystal is prevented by clamping or whether the crystal is mechanically unconstrained. In the clamped crystal, the primary pyroelectric effect is observed, whereas in the free crystal, a secondary pyroelectric effect is superposed upon the primary effect. The secondary effect may be regarded as the piezoelectric polarization arising from thermal expansion, and is generally much larger than the primary effect.
Ferromagnets
http://electron9.phys.utk.edu/phys136d/ ... terial.htm
Ferromagnetic materials are materials that have magnetic properties similar to those of iron. They can become permanently magnetized. Examples of ferromagnetic materials are nickel, cobalt, and alnico, an aluminum-nickel-cobalt alloy.
Our Iron Sun
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/cienc ... Iron%20Sun
The image of the sun above was recorded in the light given off by iron atoms that have lost 11 of their 26 electrons. The energy required to remove that many electrons is far greater than the energy available at the surface of the sun. These iron ions occur high in the sun's atmosphere--in the corona--where the effective temperature is 2 million degrees or more, 400 times that of the photosphere.
The sun's atmosphere contains a complex of electrical fields that are strong enough to pull off those 11 electrons. A field that strong will also accelerate the ions to speeds interpreted as high temperatures. This activity is only one element in a circuit that connects the sun with electrical currents in the Galaxy. These galactic power lines are the source of energy that "lights" the stars, including the sun. The energy from those power lines is liberated at the photosphere rather than being transported from the core to the surface.
The voltage between the sun and its galactic environment is not distributed uniformly and gradually. As is typical with plasma behavior, most of the voltage difference occurs in "double layers" (DLs). These are thin layers with an excess of positive ions on one side and an excess of negative electrons on the other. They resemble, and act like, capacitors: They store electrical energy in the strong electrical field between the positive and negative layers.
Each DL is separated from the next by a low voltage gradient, across which ions and electrons "drift." This drift current is often called a wind. A familiar example is the "solar wind" that drifts from the DLs near the sun to the DLs that make up the heliopause at the other end of the sun's connection with the galactic currents.
When the low-energy iron ions from the photosphere drift into the DL above the stronger electrical field strips off more electrons and accelerates the ions to high speeds. The strength of the field keeps the ions moving in alignment so it is not apparent that their energy is increasing. But when they emerge into the low-voltage gradient of the corona their motion becomes turbulent, like that of water in a waterfall when it hits the river below. Because temperature is a measure of randomness of motion, the corona appears to "heat up" suddenly, and the 11-times-ionized iron atoms begin to radiate their newly acquired energy.
What the Electric Universe sees in "the iron sun" is the iron-ion component of the electric current driving the sun's radiation output as part of a galactic electrical circuit.
Is hydrogen fusion really a type of magnetic induction?
The Core of the sun -- a ball-of-light
http://www.grandunification.com/hyperte ... heSun.html
The current model for the sun is that it is a gravitationally collapsed ball of gas and dust that has so much internal pressure that it has heated the core particles to a temperature where they fuse hydrogen nuclei into heavier particles using fusion.
The Ball-of-Light Particle Model predicts something significantly different. Instead of being formed from a gravitationally collapsed gas and dust cloud, the Ball-of-Light Particle Model predicts the sun as a large decaying ball-of-light. The central core is a single object decaying. As the central core decays, electromagnetic waves on the surface of the core induce normal elementary particles that create an envelope of material that surrounds the core. While the envelope of surrounding material does contain hydrogen, and some of the hydrogen does fuse according to normal fusion theory, the majority of the sun's source of energy does not come from fusion -- or fission either. The major source of the sun's energy is the decaying central core.
The general relationship for the Ball-of-Light Particle Model is E cross B = G -- i.e., the gravitational field strength is proportional to the cross product of the Electric field strength and the Magnetic field strength. This level of understanding can be accomplished with simple math. A description slightly more in depth is: the mass of an elementary particle is equal to the integration, over a sphere, of the cross between the electric and magnetic field strength. This level of understanding can be accomplished with calculus. A description a lot more in depth is: the characteristics of photons and every elementary particle can be predicted using, the electromagnetic fields on the surface of an elementary particle, classical electromagnetics, and spherical harmonics.
In essence, almost every particle of material that exists in the envelope of the sun -- excepting particles pulled in by gravity -- is created, that is, induced by the electromagnetic fields on the surface of the core of the sun. Small, intense electromagnetic fields induce particles such as: electrons, protons, neutrons, and other normal atomic nuclei. Larger less intense fields may not be able to induce individual particles, but they can induce the plasma to move and undulate.
A new hypothesis for the primary energy production process is needed -- one that does not rely on the conversion of hydrogen using fusion.
The Ball-of-Light Particle Model predicts nuclear fusion occurs in a much smaller volume than current theory predicts. Instead of fusion occurring in the core of the sun, fusion occurs in just the inner layer of the outer envelope. No fusion is occurring in the core because it is one solid object to begin with.
The sun energy source is not nuclear fusion but magnetic fields from the center of the Galaxy.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/1147/The-Sun-and-Energy
The sun converts energy to mass and not mass to energy.
The sun’s energy source is thought to be a nuclear fusion reactor inside the sun’s core. The sun is not heated by fusion reaction but by magnetic fields coming from the galactic center. The nuclear fusion is a by product of the magnetic fields heating. The changing magnetic fields from the galactic center induce electric currents inside the sun that heat the sun. The heat and the high kinetic energy of particles in the sun’s core trigger high energy collisions that create the main constituents of matter, electron, proton and neutron. The collisions also fuse or nucleosynthesis heavier elements like deuterium, tritium, helium and lithium. This leads to the fact that the stars and galaxies constantly produce mass and energy. The article will explain the clockworks behinds the galaxies energy production. The galaxy energy and mass production cancel out the Big Bang theory and leads to a steady state cosmological model with large amount of new mass created that expand and accelerate the universe.
It is well known the sun has a powerful magnetic field. What is its source? According to the Ball-of-Light Particle Model, the core of the sun is a single object -- a ball-of-light. This elementary particle has by its very nature powerful electric and magnetic fields on its surface. The sun's magnetic field is simply a reflection of the core's magnetic field.
Many of the observed phenomena on the sun are magnetic so it is reasonable to think that the sun is heated by magnetic induction.
If the sun is heated from magnetic fields from the center of the galaxy, where is the energy of the galaxy is coming from? The magnetic fields create mass in the stars, and when this mass is ejected into space as solar wind, it starts to free fall to the center of the galaxy.
The gravitational potential energy of the free falling dust and gas is collected by accretion disks of black holes at the galactic center. This gravitational potential energy is much higher than the energy used to create the mass. The accretion disks combined with the dynamo effect create the magnetic fields at the galactic center that produce more mass at the stars, and so forth.
In additional to the property of a superconductor the sun has the property of a magnet. The sun magnetic filed has similarities to the earth magnetic field. The sun has a dipole magnetic field, and it is similar to that of a bar magnet.
Two stars could be imagined as a superconductor and a magnet. When one star moves toward a second star according to Lenz’s law the second star will repel the first star and oppose the movement. The magnetic fields of the first star induce electro-motive forces and currents, according to Faraday’s law, in the second star, and those currents create magnetic fields that repel the first star. This means that the stars will resist relative movement in the galactic disk. This leads to the rigid model of the galactic disk shown in this figure and a rotation curve shown in Figure 5. The actual flat rotation curves of the galaxies imply that the stars move in relation to each other. This creates induction currents and heat that fuel the stars.