Hi, I am newbie from Japan.
I think Earth is expanding.
There are a lot of evidence on Google Earth.
Here is my thought conclusion. (I think Earth is born in Jupiter)
url links may be dead.
Origins of the ocean and atmosphere(sorry, this is translation of google from Japanese text)
The way the sea was made is now explained as follows. In the primitive Earth, a planet formed by collision of asteroids and formed by coalescence can be formed by repeated collision collision. The primitive Earth just created was the energy of the collision and the surface was the magma ocean. As the surface magma cooled down, countless volcanoes were erupting on Earth. As the eruption gas was predominantly carbon dioxide and water vapor, as the earth cooled down, a lot of rain fell. It is supposed to be making the sea.
When cyanobacteria are born later in the ocean, oxygen is produced by photosynthesis and supplies oxygen to the atmosphere. It is a story that iron ions melted in seawater are deposited as oxides, become hundreds of millions of years old and are now mined as iron ore.
However, nitrogen which accounts for the majority of the atmosphere is not explained in the conventional story though. Nitrogen is a rare substance in the solar system.
By the way, Hayabusa and Rosetta are exploration satellites that attempted to land on comets and asteroids. It taught us how difficult it is to landing under micro attraction. Even if the landing satellite approached the asteroid very slowly, it bounced and I could not land in the place I expected. Also in computer simulations that have advanced in recent years, we have found that it is very difficult for asteroids to collide and coalesce. If asteroids coalesce, it has been thought that there should only be very slowly and softly attached.
Therefore, the view that the primitive earth has never been a magma ocean with the kinetic energy of the collision has become mainstream. The primitive Earth was cold.
The origins of the ocean and atmosphere became unreliable on volcanic eruption carbon dioxide and water vapor. What is conceivable is the reaction inside the mantle that expands the Earth. According to the Earth expansion theory, there was no sea on the first Earth. There was no atmosphere either. Let's think about what kind of reaction occurred inside the mantle.
In the Earth's expansion theory, it is an explanation that the substance which constitutes the mantle, the peridotite melts and flows to the surface as a basaltic magma, at this time the volume expands and expands. It is unknown why the peridotite melts as it is. It is thought that the mantle contains a large amount of methane in addition to the peridotite. Methane is a common substance in the solar system. I will give the substance contained in the earth as an element. The element ratio is called Clark number.
① Oxygen 49.5 ② Silicon 25.8 ③ Aluminum 7.56 ④ Iron 4.70 ⑤ Calcium 3.39 ⑥ Sodium 2.63 ⑦ Potassium 2.40 ⑧ Magnesium 1.93 (%)
Among these, for example, the peridotites that make up the mantle are Si and O. These two account for 76%.
Recent studies have revealed that boundaries with different densities are divided into upper and lower parts in the mantle.
Http://www.spring8.or.jp/en/news_public ... 04/040409/
The lower mantle is made of SiO 6 and the upper part is made of SiO 4 with the transition layer from 410 km to 600 km as the boundary. The upper mantle was found to have a sparse crystal structure and a low density. This is thought to be due to pressure difference, is that so? Even though the upper mantle also had the same crystal structure as the original mantle, can not it be thought that a reaction to lower the density occurred for some reasons?
Other studies have shown that neutral hydrogen is present inside the mantle.
"We discovered that the muon acting as a proton isotope in quartz high pressure phase mineral stone stone constrained one electron to become muonium and showed the possibility that hydrogen exists in the neutral atom state . "" Http://www.su-tokyo.ac.jp/en/press/2015/03.html
Muonium is a positive mu particle. Mu particles are generated even if they collapse from neutrinos, so it is possible to get in deep into the earth. The possibilities are considered as follows. Since the lower mantle is SiO 6, mu particle (+) jumps into the SiO 6 incorporating neutral hydrogen. H (u +) collapses in a few microseconds.
2SiO6 + 2H (0) + 2H (u +) -> 2SiO4 + H2O + O2 + O - 2
Strip oxygen from SiO6. Water and oxygen are formed and it turns into SiO4 peridotite. If methane (CH) is present in the vicinity, the following reactions are considered.
CH + O - 2 + H (u +) -> C + H (u +) + O - 2 + H + -> N 2 + H +
If muonium is connected to C and O, the atomic radius of C and O may be fused because atomic radius is smaller than normal hydrogen. Carbon has 6 protons and 8 oxygen. Fourteen fused 14 protons are divided into seven and converted to nitrogen atoms. Muonium works as a catalyst.
In addition, if depleted H is deuterium, it is expected that He will be produced by muon fusion. Heat will also be generated.
Quartz, SiO4, stishophite, SiO6
Http://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/press/2015/03.html
Conversion from SiO 6 to SiO 4 changes the crystal structure and increases the volume. Oxygen and water are formed. Further nitrogen is fused to produce helium. Since energy is generated, heat also comes out. It is the occurrence of magma. Magma comes out on the ground including water vapor and oxygen. Oxygen may combine with carbon to become carbon dioxide. Along with nitrogen you can also methane compounds, natural gas and petroleum. You can see why nitrogen and helium are produced together with petroleum and natural gas.
By continuing this reaction for a long period of time, it is thought that the sea and the atmosphere were created while expanding the size of the Earth.